Pyridazinone herbicides

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof, 
                         
wherein
         X is O, S or NR 5 ; or   X is —C(R 6 )═C(R 7 )—, wherein the carbon atom bonded to R 6  is also bonded to the carbon atom bonded to R 4 , and the carbon atom bonded to R 7  is also bonded to the phenyl ring moiety in Formula 1;   and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , G and W are as defined in the disclosure.       

     Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling undesired vegetation comprising contacting the undesired vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to certain pyridazinones, their N-oxides, salts and compositions, and methods of their use for controlling undesirable vegetation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The control of undesired vegetation is extremely important in achieving high crop efficiency. Achievement of selective control of the growth of weeds especially in such useful crops as rice, soybean, sugar beet, maize, potato, wheat, barley, tomato and plantation crops, among others, is very desirable. Unchecked weed growth in such useful crops can cause significant reduction in productivity and thereby result in increased costs to the consumer. The control of undesired vegetation in noncrop areas is also important. Many products are commercially available for these purposes, but the need continues for new compounds that are more effective, less costly, less toxic, environmentally safer or have different sites of action.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is directed to compounds of Formula 1 (including all stereoisomers), N-oxides, and salts thereof, agricultural compositions containing them and their use as herbicides:

wherein

-   -   W is O or S;     -   R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈         alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇         alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃         cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇         haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₇         alkylthioalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy, benzyl or phenyl; or a 5-, or         6-membered saturated or partially saturated heterocyclic ring         containing ring members selected from carbon and up to 1 O and 1         S;     -   R² is H, halogen, —CN, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈         alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₁-C₄         alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl,         C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄         alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₂-C₈ dialkylamino, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄         nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇         haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio,         C₂-C₃ alkoxycarbonyl; or phenyl optionally substituted by         halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl;     -   X is O, S or NR⁵; or     -   X is —C(R⁶)═C(R⁷)—, wherein the carbon atom bonded to R⁶ is also         bonded to the carbon atom bonded to R⁴, and the carbon atom         bonded to R⁷ is also bonded to the phenyl ring moiety in Formula         1;     -   each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, nitro, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₂-C₅         alkenyl, C₂-C₅ alkynyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₅ cycloalkylalkyl,         C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkenyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₅         alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio,         C₁-C₅ haloalkylthio or C₂-C₅ alkoxycarbonyl;     -   R⁴, R⁶ and R⁷ are independently H, halogen, nitro, —CN, C₁-C₅         alkyl, C₂-C₅ alkenyl, C₂-C₅ alkynyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₅         cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkenyl, C₃-C₅         haloalkynyl, C₂-C₅ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy,         C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₅         haloalkylthio or C₂-C₅ alkoxycarbonyl;     -   R⁵ is H, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl;     -   G is G¹ or W¹G¹;     -   G¹ is H, —C(═O)R⁸, —C(═S)R⁸, —CO₂R⁹, —C(═O)SR⁹, —S(O)₂R⁸,         —CONR¹⁰R¹¹, —S(O)₂NR¹⁰R¹¹, or P(═O)R¹²; or C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₂-C₄         alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₂-C₄ haloalkenyl,         C₂-C₄ haloalkynyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl or C₄-C₇         cycloalkylalkyl; or a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring;     -   W¹ is C₁-C₄ alkanediyl or C₂-C₄ alkenediyl;     -   R⁸ and R¹⁰ are independently C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇         alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl,         C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl; or phenyl, benzyl, or         a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, each phenyl, benzyl or         heterocyclic ring optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl         or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl;     -   R⁹ is C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇         alkoxyalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl; or phenyl, benzyl or a 5- to         6-membered heterocyclic ring, each phenyl, benzyl or         heterocycling ring optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄         alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl;     -   R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₂-C₇ alkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkynyl, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl or C₂-C₇         alkoxyalkyl;     -   R¹² is C₁-C₇ alkyl or C₁-C₇ alkoxy; and     -   n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;         provided that when R⁴ is H, then X is —C(R⁶)═C(R⁷)—.

More particularly, this invention pertains to a compound of Formula 1 (including all stereoisomers), an N-oxide or a salt thereof. This invention also relates to a herbicidal composition comprising a compound of the invention (i.e. in a herbicidally effective amount) and at least one component selected from the group consisting of surfactants, solid diluents and liquid diluents. This invention further relates to a method for controlling the growth of undesired vegetation comprising contacting the vegetation or its environment with a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of the invention (e.g., as a composition described herein).

This invention also includes a herbicidal mixture comprising (a) a compound selected from Formula 1, N-oxides, and salts thereof, and (b) at least one additional active ingredient selected from (b1) through (b16); and salts of compounds of (b1) through (b16), as described below.

DETAILS OF THE INVENTION

As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having,” “contains”, “containing,” “characterized by” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, subject to any limitation explicitly indicated. For example, a composition, mixture, process or method that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, mixture, process or method.

The transitional phrase “consisting of” excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified. If in the claim, such would close the claim to the inclusion of materials other than those recited except for impurities ordinarily associated therewith. When the phrase “consisting of” appears in a clause of the body of a claim, rather than immediately following the preamble, it limits only the element set forth in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the claim as a whole.

The transitional phrase “consisting essentially of” is used to define a composition or method that includes materials, steps, features, components, or elements, in addition to those literally disclosed, provided that these additional materials, steps, features, components, or elements do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed invention. The term “consisting essentially of” occupies a middle ground between “comprising” and “consisting of”.

Where applicants have defined an invention or a portion thereof with an open-ended term such as “comprising,” it should be readily understood that (unless otherwise stated) the description should be interpreted to also describe such an invention using the terms “consisting essentially of” or “consisting of.”

Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).

Also, the indefinite articles “a” and “an” preceding an element or component of the invention are intended to be nonrestrictive regarding the number of instances (i.e. occurrences) of the element or component. Therefore “a” or “an” should be read to include one or at least one, and the singular word form of the element or component also includes the plural unless the number is obviously meant to be singular.

As referred to herein, the term “seedling”, used either alone or in a combination of words means a young plant developing from the embryo of a seed.

As referred to herein, the term “broadleaf” used either alone or in words such as “broadleaf weed” means dicot or dicotyledon, a term used to describe a group of angiosperms characterized by embryos having two cotyledons.

As used herein, the term “alkylating” refers reaction in which nucleophile displaces a leaving group such as halide or sulfonate from a carbon-containing radical. Unless otherwise indicated, the term “alkylating” does not limit the carbon-containing radical to alkyl.

In the above recitations, the term “alkyl”, used either alone or in compound words such as “alkylthio” or “haloalkyl” includes straight-chain or branched alkyl, such as, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, or the different butyl, pentyl or hexyl isomers. “Alkenyl” includes straight-chain or branched alkenes such as ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, and the different butenyl, pentenyl and hexenyl isomers. “Alkenyl” also includes polyenes such as 1,2-propadienyl and 2,4-hexadienyl. “Alkynyl” includes straight-chain or branched alkynes such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl and the different butynyl, pentynyl and hexynyl isomers. “Alkynyl” can also include moieties comprised of multiple triple bonds such as 2,5-hexadiynyl.

“Alkoxy” includes, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, isopropyloxy and the different butoxy, pentoxy and hexyloxy isomers. “Alkoxyalkyl” denotes alkoxy substitution on alkyl. Examples of “alkoxyalkyl” include CH₃OCH₂, CH₃OCH₂CH₂, CH₃CH₂OCH₂, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂ and CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₂. “Alkoxyalkoxy” denotes alkoxy substitution on alkoxy. “Alkylthio” includes branched or straight-chain alkylthio moieties such as methylthio, ethylthio, and the different propylthio, butylthio, pentylthio and hexylthio isomers. “Alkylthioalkyl” denotes alkylthio substitution on alkyl. Examples of “alkylthioalkyl” include CH₃SCH₂, CH₃SCH₂CH₂, CH₃CH₂SCH₂, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂SCH₂ and CH₃CH₂SCH₂CH₂. “Cyanoalkyl” denotes an alkyl group substituted with one cyano group. Examples of “cyanoalkyl” include NCCH₂ and NCCH₂CH₂ (alternatively identified as CH₂CH₂CN).

“Cycloalkyl” includes, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. The term “cycloalkylalkyl” denotes cycloalkyl substitution on an alkyl moiety. Examples of “cycloalkylalkyl” include cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentylethyl, and other cycloalkyl moieties bonded to straight-chain or branched alkyl groups.

The term “halogen”, either alone or in compound words such as “haloalkyl”, or when used in descriptions such as “alkyl substituted with halogen” includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Further, when used in compound words such as “haloalkyl”, or when used in descriptions such as “alkyl substituted with halogen” said alkyl may be partially or fully substituted with halogen atoms which may be the same or different. Examples of “haloalkyl” or “alkyl substituted with halogen” include F₃C, ClCH₂, CF₃CH₂ and CF₃CCl₂. The terms “haloalkoxy”, “haloalkylthio”, “haloalkenyl”, “haloalkynyl”, and the like, areis defined analogously to the term “haloalkyl”. Examples of “haloalkoxy” include CF₃O—, CCl₃CH₂O—, HCF₂CH₂CH₂O— and CF₃CH₂O—. Examples of “haloalkylthio” include CCl₃S—, CF₃S—, CCl₃CH₂S— and ClCH₂CH₂CH₂S—. Examples of “haloalkenyl” include (Cl)₂C═CHCH₂— and CF₃CH₂CH═CHCH₂—. Examples of “haloalkynyl” include HC≡CCHCl—, CF₃C≡C—, CCl₃C≡C— and FCH₂C≡CCH₂—.

“Alkoxycarbonyl” denotes a straight-chain or branched alkoxy moieties bonded to a C(═O) moiety. Examples of “alkoxycarbonyl” include CH₃OC(═O)—, CH₃CH₂OC(═O)—, CH₃CH₂CH₂OC(═O)—, (CH₃)₂CHOC(═O)— and the different butoxy- or pentoxycarbonyl isomers.

The total number of carbon atoms in a substituent group is indicated by the “C_(i)-C_(j)” prefix where i and j are numbers from 1 to 7. For example, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl designates methylsulfonyl through butylsulfonyl; C₂ alkoxyalkyl designates CH₃OCH₂—; C₃ alkoxyalkyl designates, for example, CH₃CH(OCH₃)—, CH₃OCH₂CH₂— or CH₃CH₂OCH₂—; and C₄ alkoxyalkyl designates the various isomers of an alkyl group substituted with an alkoxy group containing a total of four carbon atoms, examples including CH₃CH₂CH₂OCH₂— and CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₂—.

When a compound is substituted with a substituent bearing a subscript that indicates the number of said substituents can exceed 1, said substituents (when they exceed 1) are independently selected from the group of defined substituents, e.g., (R³)_(n), wherein n is 1, 2, 3 or 4. When a group contains a substituent which can be hydrogen, for example R² or R⁴, then when this substituent is taken as hydrogen, it is recognized that this is equivalent to said group being unsubstituted. When a variable group is shown to be optionally attached to a position, for example (R³)_(n) wherein n may be 0, then hydrogen may be at the position even if not recited in the variable group definition. When one or more positions on a group are said to be “not substituted” or “unsubstituted”, then hydrogen atoms are attached to take up any free valency.

The compounds of Formula 1 wherein G is H (i.e. a hydroxy function) are believed to be the compounds that bind to an active site on a plant enzyme or receptor causing herbicidal effect on the plant. Other compounds of Formula 1 wherein the substituent G is a group that can be transformed within plants or the environment to the hydroxy moiety provide similar herbicidal effects and are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, G can be any derivative known in the art which does not extinguish the herbicidal activity of the compound of Formula 1 and is or can be hydrolyzed, oxidized, reduced or otherwise metabolized in plants or soil to provide the carboxylic acid function, which depending upon pH, is in the dissociated or the undissociated form. The term “ring system” denotes two or more fused rings. The term “bicyclic ring system” denotes a ring system consisting of two fused rings.

Compounds of this invention can exist as one or more stereoisomers. The various stereoisomers include enantiomers, diastereomers, atropisomers and geometric isomers. Stereoisomers are isomers of identical constitution but differing in the arrangement of their atoms in space and include enantiomers, diastereomers, cis-trans isomers (also known as geometric isomers) and atropisomers. Atropisomers result from restricted rotation about single bonds where the rotational barrier is high enough to permit isolation of the isomeric species. One skilled in the art will appreciate that one stereoisomer may be more active and/or may exhibit beneficial effects when enriched relative to the other stereoisomer(s) or when separated from the other stereoisomer(s). Additionally, the skilled artisan knows how to separate, enrich, and/or to selectively prepare said stereoisomers. The compounds of the invention may be present as a mixture of stereoisomers, individual stereoisomers or as an optically active form.

Compounds of Formula 1 typically exist in more than one form, and Formula 1 thus include all crystalline and non-crystalline forms of the compounds they represent. Non-crystalline forms include embodiments which are solids such as waxes and gums as well as embodiments which are liquids such as solutions and melts. Crystalline forms include embodiments which represent essentially a single crystal type and embodiments which represent a mixture of polymorphs (i.e. different crystalline types). The term “polymorph” refers to a particular crystalline form of a chemical compound that can crystallize in different crystalline forms, these forms having different arrangements and/or conformations of the molecules in the crystal lattice. Although polymorphs can have the same chemical composition, they can also differ in composition due the presence or absence of co-crystallized water or other molecules, which can be weakly or strongly bound in the lattice. Polymorphs can differ in such chemical, physical and biological properties as crystal shape, density, hardness, color, chemical stability, melting point, hygroscopicity, suspensibility, dissolution rate and biological availability. One skilled in the art will appreciate that a polymorph of a compound of Formula 1 can exhibit beneficial effects (e.g., suitability for preparation of useful formulations, improved biological performance) relative to another polymorph or a mixture of polymorphs of the same compound of Formula 1. Preparation and isolation of a particular polymorph of a compound of Formula 1 can be achieved by methods known to those skilled in the art including, for example, crystallization using selected solvents and temperatures. For a comprehensive discussion of polymorphism see R. Hilfiker, Ed., Polymorphism in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2006.

One skilled in the art will appreciate that not all nitrogen-containing heterocycles can form N-oxides since the nitrogen requires an available lone pair for oxidation to the oxide; one skilled in the art will recognize those nitrogen-containing heterocycles which can form N-oxides. One skilled in the art will also recognize that tertiary amines can form N-oxides. Synthetic methods for the preparation of N-oxides of heterocycles and tertiary amines are very well known by one skilled in the art including the oxidation of heterocycles and tertiary amines with peroxy acids such as peracetic and m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA), hydrogen peroxide, alkyl hydroperoxides such as t-butyl hydroperoxide, sodium perborate, and dioxiranes such as dimethyldioxirane. These methods for the preparation of N-oxides have been extensively described and reviewed in the literature, see for example: T. L. Gilchrist in Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 7, pp 748-750, S. V. Ley, Ed., Pergamon Press; M. Tisler and B. Stanovnik in Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 3, pp 18-20, A. J. Boulton and A. McKillop, Eds., Pergamon Press; M. R. Grimmett and B. R. T. Keene in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 43, pp 149-161, A. R. Katritzky, Ed., Academic Press; M. Tisler and B. Stanovnik in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 9, pp 285-291, A. R. Katritzky and A. J. Boulton, Eds., Academic Press; and G. W. H. Cheeseman and E. S. G. Werstiuk in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 22, pp 390-392, A. R. Katritzky and A. J. Boulton, Eds., Academic Press.

One skilled in the art recognizes that because in the environment and under physiological conditions salts of chemical compounds are in equilibrium with their corresponding nonsalt forms, salts share the biological utility of the nonsalt forms. Thus a wide variety of salts of a compound of Formula 1 are useful for control of undesired vegetation (i.e. are agriculturally suitable). The salts of a compound of Formula 1 include acid-addition salts with inorganic or organic acids such as hydrobromic, hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric, sulfuric, acetic, butyric, fumaric, lactic, maleic, malonic, oxalic, propionic, salicylic, tartaric, 4-toluenesulfonic or valeric acids. When a compound of Formula 1 contains an acidic moiety such as an enolic function (e.g., when G is H), salts also include those formed with organic or inorganic bases such as pyridine, triethylamine or ammonia, or amides, hydrides, hydroxides or carbonates of sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium or barium. Accordingly, the present invention comprises compounds selected from Formula 1, N-oxides and agriculturally suitable salts thereof.

Embodiments of the present invention as described in the Summary of the Invention include (where Formula 1 as used in the following Embodiments includes N-oxides and salts thereof):

Embodiment 1

A compound of Formula 1 wherein W is O.

Embodiment 2

A compound of Formula 1 or Embodiment 1 wherein X is O, S or —C(R⁶)═C(R⁷)—.

Embodiment 3

A compound of Embodiment 2 wherein X is O or S.

Embodiment 4

A compound of Embodiment 3 wherein X is O.

Embodiment 5

A compound of Embodiment 3 wherein X is S.

Embodiment 6

A compound of Embodiment 2 wherein X is —C(R⁶)═C(R⁷)—.

Embodiment 7

A compound of Formula 1 or Embodiment 1 wherein X is NR⁵.

Embodiment 7a

A compound of Embodiment 2 wherein X is O, S, —CH═CH—, —C(CH₃)═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CH═CCl— or —CH═C(CH₃)—.

Embodiment 7b

A compound of Embodiment 2 wherein X is —CH═CH—, —C(CH₃)═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CH═CCl— or —CH═C(CH₃)—

Embodiment 7c

A compound of Embodiment 2 wherein X is —CH═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CH═CCl— or —CH═C(CH₃)—.

Embodiment 7d

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 7a wherein R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkylthioalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy, benzyl or phenyl.

Embodiment 7e

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 7a wherein R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkylthioalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy or benzyl.

Embodiment 8

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 7 wherein R¹ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₃-C₄ alkenyl, C₃-C₄ alkynyl, C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or C₂-C₄ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment 9

A compound of Embodiment 8 wherein R¹ is C₁-C₃ alkyl, allyl, propargyl, CH₂CH₂CN, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or 2-methoxyethyl.

Embodiment 10

A compound of Embodiment 9 wherein R¹ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or 2-methoxyethyl.

Embodiment 11

A compound of Embodiment 10 wherein R¹ is methyl or ethyl.

Embodiment 12

A compound of Embodiment 11 wherein R¹ is methyl.

Embodiment 12a

A compound of Formula 1 wherein R¹ is other than H.

Embodiment 12b

A compound of Formula 1 wherein R¹ is other than phenyl.

Embodiment 12c

A compound of Formula 1 wherein R² is H, halogen, —CN, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₂-C₈ dialkylamino, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy or C₁-C₅ alkylthio.

Embodiment 12d

A compound of Formula 1 wherein R² is H, halogen, —CN, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl or C₁-C₇ alkoxy.

Embodiment 13

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 12 wherein R² is H, halogen, —CN, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₂-C₄ alkoxyalkyl or C₁-C₃ alkoxy.

Embodiment 14

A compound of Embodiment 13 wherein R² is H, halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, cyclopropyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl, methoxy or ethoxy.

Embodiment 15

A compound of Embodiment 14 wherein R² is H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, CF₃ or methoxy.

Embodiment 16

A compound of Embodiment 15 wherein R² is methyl or ethyl.

Embodiment 17

A compound of Embodiment 16 wherein R² is methyl.

Embodiment 17a

A compound of Formula 1 wherein R² is other than phenyl.

Embodiment 18

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 17 wherein each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl, C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₁-C₃ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂ haloalkylthio.

Embodiment 19

A compound of Embodiment 18 wherein each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy.

Embodiment 20

A compound of Embodiment 19 wherein each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, methyl, ethyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, CF₃, methoxy or ethoxy.

Embodiment 21

A compound of Embodiment 20 wherein each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, methyl, ethyl, methoxy or ethoxy.

Embodiment 22

A compound of Embodiment 21 wherein each R³ is independently F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl or methoxy.

Embodiment 23

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 22 wherein R⁴ is halogen, —CN, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl, C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₁-C₃ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂ haloalkylthio.

Embodiment 24

A compound of Embodiment 23 wherein R⁴ is halogen, —CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy.

Embodiment 25

A compound of Embodiment 24 wherein R⁴ is halogen, —CN, methyl, ethyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, CF₃, methoxy or ethoxy.

Embodiment 26

A compound of Embodiment 25 wherein R⁴ is methyl or ethyl.

Embodiment 27

A compound of Embodiment 26 wherein R⁴ is methyl.

Embodiment 28

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 27 wherein R⁵ is C₁-C₂ alkyl.

Embodiment 29

A compound of Embodiment 28 wherein R⁵ is methyl.

Embodiment 30

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 29 wherein independently, R⁶ and R⁷ are H, halogen, —CN, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl, C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₁-C₃ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂ haloalkylthio.

Embodiment 31

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 30 wherein independently, R⁶ and R⁷ are H, halogen, —CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy.

Embodiment 32

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 31 wherein independently, R⁶ and R⁷ are H, halogen, —CN, methyl, ethyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, CF₃, methoxy or ethoxy.

Embodiment 34a

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 32 wherein independently, R⁶ and R⁷ are H, halogen or C₁-C₂ alkyl.

Embodiment 34b

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 32 wherein independently, R⁶ and R⁷ are H or halogen.

Embodiment 34c

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 32 wherein R⁶ is H and R⁷ is halogen.

Embodiment 34d

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 32 wherein R⁶ is halogen and R⁷ is H.

Embodiment 33

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 32 wherein independently, R⁶ and R⁷ are H or C₁-C₂ alkyl.

Embodiment 34

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 33 wherein R⁶ is H or methyl (i.e. CH₃).

Embodiment 35

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 34 wherein R⁷ is H or methyl (i.e. CH₃).

Embodiment 36

A compound of Embodiment 34 or 35 wherein R⁶ is H and R⁷ is H, or R⁶ is H and R⁷ is CH₃, or R⁶ is CH₃ and R⁷ is H.

Embodiment 37

A compound of Embodiment 36 wherein R⁶ is H and R⁷ is H.

Embodiment 37a

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 37 wherein G is G¹.

Embodiment 37b

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 37a whereins G¹ is H, —C(═O)R⁸, —C(═S)R⁸, —CO₂R⁹, —C(═O)SR⁹, —S(O)₂R⁸, —CONR¹⁰R¹¹, —S(O)₂NR¹⁰R¹¹ or P(═O)R¹²; or C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl or C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl.

Embodiment 37b

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 37a wherein G¹ is H, —C(═O)R⁸, —C(═S)R⁸, —CO₂R⁹, —C(═O)SR⁹, —S(O)₂R⁸, —CONR¹⁰R¹¹, —S(O)₂NR¹⁰R¹¹ or P(═O)R¹²; or C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl.

Embodiment 38

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 37 wherein G¹ is H, —C(═O)R⁸, —CO₂R⁹, —S(O)₂R⁸, —CONR¹⁰R¹¹, —S(O)₂NR¹⁰R¹¹ or P(═O)R¹².

Embodiment 39

A compound of Embodiment 38 wherein G¹ is H, —C(═O)R⁸, —CO₂R⁹, —S(O)₂R⁸ or P(═O)R¹².

Embodiment 39a

A compound of Embodiment 39 wherein G¹ is H.

Embodiment 39b

A compound of Embodiment 39 wherein G¹ is —C(═O)R⁸.

Embodiment 39c

A compound of Embodiment 39 wherein G¹ is —CO₂R⁹.

Embodiment 39d

A compound of Embodiment 39 wherein G¹-S(O)₂R⁸.

Embodiment 39e

A compound of Embodiment 39 or P(═O)R¹²

Embodiment 40

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 39e wherein R⁸ and R¹⁰ are independently H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment 41

A compound of Embodiment 40 wherein R⁸ and R¹⁰ are independently H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment 42

A compound of Embodiment 41 wherein R⁸ and R¹⁰ are independently C₁-C₇ alkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment 42a

A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 40 wherein R⁸ is C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment 42b

A compound of Embodiment 41 wherein R⁸ is independently C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₂-C₄ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment 42c

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 37 wherein G is WG¹.

Embodiment 42d

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 42a wherein W¹ is C₁-C₂ alkanediyl or C₂-C₃ alkenediyl.

Embodiment 42e

A compound of Embodiment 42b wherein W¹ is —CH₂— or —CH═CH—.

Embodiment 42f

A compound of Embodiment 42c wherein W¹ is —CH₂—.

Embodiment 43

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 42 wherein R⁹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₂-C₃ haloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment 44

A compound of Embodiment 43 wherein R⁹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment 45

A compound of Embodiment 44 wherein R⁹ is C₁-C₇ alkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment 46

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 45 wherein R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment 47

A compound of Embodiment 46 wherein R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment 48

A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 47 wherein R¹² is C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ alkoxy.

Embodiment 49

A compound of Embodiment 48 wherein R¹² is CH₃ or OCH₃.

Embodiment 48

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 47 wherein n is 0, 1, 2 or 3.

Embodiment 49

A compound of Embodiment 48 wherein n is 0, 1 or 2.

Embodiment 50

A compound of Embodiment 48 wherein n is 1, 2 or 3.

Embodiment 51

A compound of Embodiment 49 or 50 wherein n is 1 or 2.

Embodiments of this invention, including Embodiments 1-51 above as well as any other embodiments described herein, can be combined in any manner, and the descriptions of variables in the embodiments pertain not only to the compounds of Formula 1 but also to the starting compounds and intermediate compounds useful for preparing the compounds of Formula 1. In addition, embodiments of this invention, including Embodiments 1-51 above as well as any other embodiments described herein, and any combination thereof, pertain to the compositions and methods of the present invention.

Combinations of Embodiments 1-51 are illustrated by:

Embodiment A

A compound of Formula 1 wherein

-   -   W is O;     -   X is O, S, —CH═CH—, —C(CH₃)═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CH═CCl— or         —CH═C(CH₃)—;     -   R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈         alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇         alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃         cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇         haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₇         alkylthioalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy, benzyl or phenyl;     -   R² is H, halogen, —CN, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈         alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₁-C₄         alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl,         C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄         alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₂-C₈ dialkylamino, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄         nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇         haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy or C₁-C₅ alkylthio;     -   each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₂-C₄         alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl, C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₁-C₃         alkoxy, C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂         haloalkylthio;     -   R⁴ is halogen, —CN, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl,         C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₁-C₃ alkoxy, C₁-C₂         haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂ haloalkylthio;     -   G is G¹;     -   G¹ is H, —C(═O)R⁸, —C(═S)R⁸, —CO₂R⁹, —C(═O)SR⁹, —S(O)₂R⁸,         —CONR¹⁰R¹¹, —S(O)₂NR¹⁰R¹¹ or P(═O)R¹²; or C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl or         C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl;     -   R⁸ and R¹⁰ are independently H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl,         C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl;     -   R⁹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₂-C₃ haloalkyl or C₂-C₇         alkoxyalkyl;     -   R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or         C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl;     -   R¹² is C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ alkoxy;     -   and     -   n is 0, 1, 2 or 3.

Embodiment B

A compound of Embodiment A wherein

-   -   X is —CH═CH—, —C(CH₃)═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CH═CCl— or —CH═C(CH₃)—;     -   R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₄-C₇         alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃         cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇         haloalkyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkylthioalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy         or benzyl;     -   R² is H, halogen, —CN, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkylcarbonyl,         C₂-C₇ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₁-C₄         alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄         nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₇         alkoxyalkyl or C₁-C₇ alkoxy;     -   each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, —CH═CH₂,         —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy;     -   R⁴ is halogen, —CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl,         C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy;     -   G¹ is H, —C(═O)R⁸, —CO₂R⁹, —S(O)₂R⁸, —CONR¹⁰R¹¹, —S(O)₂NR¹⁰R¹¹         or P(═O)R¹²;     -   R⁸, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are independently H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl;     -   R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl;         and     -   R¹² is CH₃ or OCH₃.

Embodiment C

A compound of Embodiment B wherein

-   -   X is —CH═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CH═CCl— or —CH═C(CH₃)—     -   R¹ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or 2-methoxyethyl;     -   R² is H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, CF₃ or methoxy;     -   each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, methyl, ethyl, —CH═CH₂,         —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, CF₃, methoxy or ethoxy;     -   R⁴ is halogen, —CN, methyl, ethyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl,         CF₃, methoxy or ethoxy; G¹ is H, —C(═O)R⁸, —CO₂R⁹, —S(O)₂R⁸ or         P(═O)R¹²; R⁸ and R⁹ are independently C₁-C₇ alkyl or C₂-C₇         alkoxyalkyl; and     -   n is 1 or 2.

Specific embodiments include compounds of Formula 1 selected from the group consisting of:

-   4-(2,5-dimethylbenzo[b]thien-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone     (Compound 1), -   5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2,5,7-trimethylbenzo[b]thien-3-yl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone     (Compound 2), -   5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzo[b]thien-3-yl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone     (Compound 3), -   5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-methyl-3-benzofuranyl)-3     (2H)-pyridazinone (Compound 4), -   5-hydroxy-4-(5-methoxy-3-benzofuranyl)-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone     (Compound 5), -   4-(5-chloro-2-methyl-3-benzofuranyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3     (2H)-pyridazinone (Compound 6), -   4-(2,5-dimethyl-3-benzofuranyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone     (Compound 7), -   4-(2,4-dimethyl-3-benzofuranyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone     (Compound 8), -   4-(2,7-dimethyl-3-benzofuranyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone     (Compound 9), -   4-(2-ethyl-5-methyl-3-benzofuranyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone     (Compound 10), -   5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-(1-naphthalenyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone     (Compound 11), -   5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2,5,7-trimethyl-3-benzofuranyl)-3     (2H)-pyridazinone (Compound 12), -   4-(5-ethyl-2-methyl-3-benzofuranyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone     (Compound 13), -   5-(acetyloxy)-4-(2,5-dimethyl-3-benzofuranyl)-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone     (Compound 14), -   5-(acetyloxy)-4-(2,7-dimethyl-3-benzofuranyl)-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone     (Compound 15), -   5-(acetyloxy)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2,5,7-trimethyl-3-benzofuranyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone     (Compound 16), -   5-(2,5-dimethyl-3-benzofuranyl)-1,6-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-4-pyridazinyl     2,2-dimethylpropanoate (Compound 17), -   1,6-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-5-(2,5,7-trimethyl-3-benzofuranyl)-4-pyridazinyl     2,2-dimethylpropanoate (Compound 18), and -   4-(2-ethyl-4,6-dimethylbenzo[b]thien-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone     (Compound 19).

Specific embodiments also include compounds of Formula 1 selected from the group consisting of: compound numbers 1, 3, 11, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 32, 42, 47, 57, 59 and 60. Compound numbers refer to compounds in Index Table A.

This invention also relates to a method for controlling undesired vegetation comprising applying to the locus of the vegetation herbicidally effective amounts of the compounds of the invention (e.g., as a composition described herein). Of note as embodiments relating to methods of use are those involving the compounds of embodiments described above. Compounds of the invention can be used for weed control in a variety of crops such as wheat, barley, maize, soybean, sunflower, cotton, oilseed rape and rice, and specialty crops such as sugarcane, citrus, fruit and nut crops. Compounds of the invention are particularly useful for selective control of weeds in cereal crops in the Family Poaceae such as maize, rice and wheat.

Embodiments of the present invention as described in the Summary of the Invention include (where Formula 1 as used in the following Embodiments includes N-oxides and salts thereof):

Embodiment P1

A compound of Formula 1 wherein W is O.

Embodiment P2

A compound of Formula 1 or Embodiment P1 wherein X is O, S or —C(R⁶)═C(R⁷)—.

Embodiment P3

A compound of Embodiment P2 wherein X is O or S.

Embodiment P4

A compound of Embodiment P3 wherein X is O.

Embodiment P5

A compound of Embodiment P3 wherein X is S.

Embodiment P6

A compound of Embodiment P2 wherein X is —C(R⁶)═C(R⁷)—.

Embodiment P7

A compound of Formula 1 or Embodiment P1 wherein X is NR⁵.

Embodiment P8

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments P1 through P7 wherein R¹ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₃-C₄ alkenyl, C₃-C₄ alkynyl, C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or C₂-C₄ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment P9

A compound of Embodiment P8 wherein R¹ is C₁-C₃ alkyl, allyl, propargyl, CH₂CH₂CN, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or 2-methoxyethyl.

Embodiment P10

A compound of Embodiment P9 wherein R¹ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or 2-methoxyethyl.

Embodiment P11

A compound of Embodiment P10 wherein R¹ is methyl or ethyl.

Embodiment P12

A compound of Embodiment P11 wherein R¹ is methyl.

Embodiment P13

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments P1 through P12 wherein R² is H, halogen, —CN, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₂-C₄ alkoxyalkyl or C₁-C₃ alkoxy.

Embodiment P14

A compound of Embodiment P13 wherein R² is H, halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, cyclopropyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl, methoxy or ethoxy.

Embodiment P15

A compound of Embodiment P14 wherein R² is H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, CF₃ or methoxy.

Embodiment P16

A compound of Embodiment P15 wherein R² is methyl or ethyl.

Embodiment P17

A compound of Embodiment P16 wherein R² is methyl.

Embodiment P18

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments P1 through P17 wherein each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl, C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₁-C₃ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂ haloalkylthio.

Embodiment P19

A compound of Embodiment P18 wherein each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy.

Embodiment P20

A compound of Embodiment P19 wherein each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, methyl, ethyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, CF₃, methoxy or ethoxy.

Embodiment P21

A compound of Embodiment P20 wherein each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, methyl, ethyl, methoxy or ethoxy.

Embodiment P22

A compound of Embodiment P21 wherein each R³ is independently F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl or methoxy.

Embodiment P23

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments P1 through P22 wherein R⁴ is halogen, —CN, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl, C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₁-C₃ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂ haloalkylthio.

Embodiment P24

A compound of Embodiment P23 wherein R⁴ is halogen, —CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy.

Embodiment P25

A compound of Embodiment P24 wherein R⁴ is halogen, —CN, methyl, ethyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, CF₃, methoxy or ethoxy.

Embodiment P26

A compound of Embodiment P25 wherein R⁴ is methyl or ethyl.

Embodiment P27

A compound of Embodiment P26 wherein R⁴ is methyl.

Embodiment P28

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments P1 through P27 wherein R⁵ is C₁-C₂ alkyl.

Embodiment P29

A compound of Embodiment P28 wherein R⁵ is methyl.

Embodiment P30

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments P1 through P29 wherein independently, R⁶ and R⁷ are H, halogen, —CN, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl, C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₁-C₃ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂ haloalkylthio.

Embodiment P31

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments P1 through P30 wherein independently, R⁶ and R⁷ are H, halogen, —CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy.

Embodiment P32

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments P1 through P31 wherein independently, R⁶ and R⁷ are H, halogen, —CN, methyl, ethyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, CF₃, methoxy or ethoxy.

Embodiment P33

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments P1 through P32 wherein independently, R⁶ and R⁷ are H or C₁-C₂ alkyl.

Embodiment P34

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments P1 through P33 wherein R⁶ is H or methyl (i.e. CH₃).

Embodiment P35

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments P1 through P34 wherein R⁷ is H or methyl (i.e. CH₃).

Embodiment P36

A compound of Embodiment P34 or 35 wherein R⁶ is H and R⁷ is H, or R⁶ is H and R⁷ is CH₃, or R⁶ is CH₃ and R⁷ is H.

Embodiment P37

A compound of Embodiment P36 wherein R⁶ is H and R⁷ is H.

Embodiment P38

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments P1 through P37 wherein G is H, —C(═O)R⁸, —CO₂R⁹, —S(O)₂R⁸, —CONR¹⁰R¹¹ or —S(O)₂NR¹⁰R¹¹.

Embodiment P39

A compound of Embodiment P38 wherein G is H, —C(═O)R⁸, —CO₂R⁹ or —S(O)₂R⁸.

Embodiment P40

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments P1 through P39 wherein R⁸ and R¹⁰ are independently H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment P41

A compound of Embodiment P40 wherein R⁸ and R¹⁰ are independently H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment P42

A compound of Embodiment P41 wherein R⁸ and R¹⁰ are independently C₁-C₇ alkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment P43

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 42 wherein R⁹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₂-C₃ haloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment P44

A compound of Embodiment P43 wherein R⁹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment P45

A compound of Embodiment P44 wherein R⁹ is C₁-C₇ alkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment P46

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments P1 through P45 wherein R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment P47

A compound of Embodiment P46 wherein R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment P48

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments P1 through P47 wherein n is 0, 1, 2 or 3.

Embodiment P49

A compound of Embodiment P48 wherein n is 0, 1 or 2.

Embodiment P50

A compound of Embodiment P48 wherein n is 1, 2 or 3.

Embodiment P51

A compound of Embodiment P49 or P50 wherein n is 1 or 2.

Embodiments of this invention, including Embodiments P1-P51 above as well as any other embodiments described herein, can be combined in any manner, and the descriptions of variables in the embodiments pertain not only to the compounds of Formula 1 but also to the starting compounds and intermediate compounds useful for preparing the compounds of Formula 1. In addition, embodiments of this invention, including Embodiments P1-P51 above as well as any other embodiments described herein, and any combination thereof, pertain to the compositions and methods of the present invention.

Combinations of Embodiments P1-P51 are illustrated by:

Embodiment PA

A compound of Formula 1 wherein

-   -   W is O;     -   X is O, S, —CH═CH—, —C(CH₃)═CH— or —CH═C(CH₃)—;     -   R¹ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₃-C₄ alkenyl, C₃-C₄ alkynyl, C₃-C₄         cycloalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or C₂-C₄         alkoxyalkyl;     -   R² is H, halogen, —CN, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃         haloalkyl, C₂-C₄ alkoxyalkyl or C₁-C₃ alkoxy;     -   each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₂-C₄         alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl, C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₁-C₃         alkoxy, C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂         haloalkylthio;     -   R⁴ is halogen, —CN, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl,         C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₁-C₃ alkoxy, C₁-C₂         haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂ haloalkylthio;     -   G is H, —C(═O)R⁸, —CO₂R⁹, —S(O)₂R⁸, —CONR¹⁰R¹¹ or —S(O)₂NR¹⁰R¹¹;     -   R⁸ and R¹⁰ are independently H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl,         C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl;     -   R⁹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₂-C₃ haloalkyl or C₂-C₇         alkoxyalkyl;     -   R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or         C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl; and     -   n is 0, 1, 2 or 3.

Embodiment PB

A compound of Embodiment PA wherein

-   -   R¹ is C₁-C₃ alkyl, allyl, propargyl, CH₂CH₂CN, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl         or 2-methoxyethyl;     -   R² is H, halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, cyclopropyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl,         methoxy or ethoxy;     -   each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, —CH═CH₂,         —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy;     -   R⁴ is halogen, —CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl,         C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy;     -   R⁸, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are independently H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl; and     -   R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.

Embodiment PC

A compound of Embodiment PB wherein

-   -   R¹ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or 2-methoxyethyl;     -   R² is H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, CF₃ or methoxy;     -   each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, methyl, ethyl, —CH═CH₂,         —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, CF₃, methoxy or ethoxy;     -   R⁴ is halogen, —CN, methyl, ethyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl,         CF₃, methoxy or ethoxy;     -   G is H, —C(═O)R⁸, —CO₂R⁹ or —S(O)₂R⁸;     -   R⁸ and R⁹ are independently C₁-C₇ alkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl;         and     -   n is 1 or 2.

Also noteworthy as embodiments are herbicidal compositions of the present invention comprising the compounds of embodiments described above.

This invention also includes a herbicidal mixture comprising (a) a compound selected from Formula 1, N-oxides, and salts thereof, and (b) at least one additional active ingredient selected from (b1) photosystem II inhibitors, (b2) acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) inhibitors, (b3) acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors, (b4) auxin mimics and (b5) 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase inhibitors, (b6) photosystem I electron diverters, (b7) protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors, (b8) glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitors, (b9) very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) elongase inhibitors, (b10) auxin transport inhibitors, (b11) phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitors, (b12) 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors, (b13) homogentisate solenesyltransererase (HST) inhibitors, (b14) cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors, (b15) other herbicides including mitotic disruptors, organic arsenicals, asulam, bromobutide, cinmethylin, cumyluron, dazomet, difenzoquat, dymron, etobenzanid, flurenol, fosamine, fosamine-ammonium, metam, methyldymron, oleic acid, oxaziclomefone, pelargonic acid and pyributicarb, and (b16) herbicide safeners; and salts of compounds of (b1) through (b16).

“Photosystem II inhibitors” (b1) are chemical compounds that bind to the D-1 protein at the Q_(B)-binding niche and thus block electron transport from Q_(A) to Q_(B) in the chloroplast thylakoid membranes. The electrons blocked from passing through photosystem II are transferred through a series of reactions to form toxic compounds that disrupt cell membranes and cause chloroplast swelling, membrane leakage, and ultimately cellular destruction. The Q_(B)-binding niche has three different binding sites: binding site A binds the triazines such as atrazine, triazinones such as hexazinone, and uracils such as bromacil, binding site B binds the phenylureas such as diuron, and binding site C binds benzothiadiazoles such as bentazon, nitriles such as bromoxynil and phenyl-pyridazines such as pyridate. Examples of photosystem II inhibitors include ametryn, amicarbazone, atrazine, bentazon, bromacil, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, chlorbromuron, chloridazon, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, cumyluron, cyanazine, daimuron, desmedipham, desmetryn, dimefuron, dimethametryn, diuron, ethidimuron, fenuron, fluometuron, hexazinone, ioxynil, isoproturon, isouron, lenacil, linuron, metamitron, methabenzthiazuron, metobromuron, metoxuron, metribuzin, monolinuron, neburon, pentanochlor, phenmedipham, prometon, prometryn, propanil, propazine, pyridafol, pyridate, siduron, simazine, simetryn, tebuthiuron, terbacil, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn and trietazine. Of note is a compound of the invention mixed with atrazine, bromoxynil or bentazon. Also of note is a compound of the invention mixed with atrazine, bromoxynil or metribuzin.

“AHAS inhibitors” (b2) are chemical compounds that inhibit acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS), also known as acetolactate synthase (ALS), and thus kill plants by inhibiting the production of the branched-chain aliphatic amino acids such as valine, leucine and isoleucine, which are required for protein synthesis and cell growth. Examples of AHAS inhibitors include amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, bispyribac-sodium, cloransulam-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, diclosulam, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, florasulam, flucarbazone-sodium, flumetsulam, flupyrsulfuron-methyl, flupyrsulfuron-sodium, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl (including sodium salt), iofensulfuron (2-iodo-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]-benzenesulfonamide), mesosulfuron-methyl, metazosulfuron (3-chloro-4-(5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-1,4,2-dioxazin-3-yl)-N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-sulfonamide), metosulam, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, penoxsulam, primisulfuron-methyl, propoxycarbazone-sodium, propyrisulfuron (2-chloro-N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-propylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-sulfonamide), prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrithiobac-sodium, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, thiencarbazone, thifensulfuron-methyl, triafamone (N-[2-[(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)carbonyl]-6-fluorophenyl]-1,1-difluoro-N-methylmethanesulfonamide), triasulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, trifloxysulfuron (including sodium salt), triflusulfuron-methyl and tritosulfuron. Of note is a compound of the invention mixed with rimsulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, tribenuron, nicosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, flupyrsulfuron-methyl, cloransulam-methyl, pyroxsulam or florasulam. Also of note is a compound of the invention mixed with nicosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron or chlorimuron.

“ACCase inhibitors” (b3) are chemical compounds that inhibit the acetyl-CoA carboxylase enzyme, which is responsible for catalyzing an early step in lipid and fatty acid synthesis in plants. Lipids are essential components of cell membranes, and without them, new cells cannot be produced. The inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase and the subsequent lack of lipid production leads to losses in cell membrane integrity, especially in regions of active growth such as meristems. Eventually shoot and rhizome growth ceases, and shoot meristems and rhizome buds begin to die back. Examples of ACCase inhibitors include alloxydim, butroxydim, clethodim, clodinafop, cycloxydim, cyhalofop, diclofop, fenoxaprop, fluazifop, haloxyfop, pinoxaden, profoxydim, propaquizafop, quizalofop, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim and tralkoxydim, including resolved forms such as fenoxaprop-P, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop-P and quizalofop-P and ester forms such as clodinafop-propargyl, cyhalofop-butyl, diclofop-methyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl. Of note is a compound of the invention mixed with pinoxaden or quizalofop.

Auxin is a plant hormone that regulates growth in many plant tissues. “Auxin mimics” (b4) are chemical compounds mimicking the plant growth hormone auxin, thus causing uncontrolled and disorganized growth leading to plant death in susceptible species. Examples of auxin mimics include aminocyclopyrachlor (6-amino-5-chloro-2-cyclopropyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid) and its methyl and ethyl esters and its sodium and potassium salts, aminopyralid, benazolin-ethyl, chloramben, clacyfos, clomeprop, clopyralid, dicamba, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, dichlorprop, fluroxypyr, halauxifen (4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid), halauxifen-methyl (methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyridinecarboxylate), MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop, picloram, quinclorac, quinmerac, 2,3,6-TBA, triclopyr, and methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-fluoro-2-pyridinecarboxylate. Of particular note is a compound of the invention mixed with dicamba, fluroxypyr-meptyl, 2,4-D, halauxifen-methyl or MCPA. Also of note is a compound of the invention mixed with dicamba.

“EPSP synthase inhibitors” (b5) are chemical compounds that inhibit the enzyme, 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, which is involved in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids such as tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine. EPSP inhibitor herbicides are readily absorbed through plant foliage and translocated in the phloem to the growing points. Glyphosate is a relatively nonselective postemergence herbicide that belongs to this group. Glyphosate includes esters and salts such as ammonium, isopropylammonium, potassium, sodium (including sesquisodium) and trimesium (alternatively named sulfosate).

“Photosystem I electron diverters” (b6) are chemical compounds that accept electrons from Photosystem I, and after several cycles, generate hydroxyl radicals. These radicals are extremely reactive and readily destroy unsaturated lipids, including membrane fatty acids and chlorophyll. This destroys cell membrane integrity, so that cells and organelles “leak”, leading to rapid leaf wilting and desiccation, and eventually to plant death. Examples of this second type of photosynthesis inhibitor include diquat and paraquat.

“PPO inhibitors” (b7) are chemical compounds that inhibit the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase, quickly resulting in formation of highly reactive compounds in plants that rupture cell membranes, causing cell fluids to leak out. Examples of PPO inhibitors include acifluorfen-sodium, azafenidin, benzfendizone, bifenox, butafenacil, carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlomethoxyfen, cinidon-ethyl, fluazolate, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, halosafen, lactofen, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, pentoxazone, profluazol, pyraclonil, pyraflufen-ethyl, saflufenacil, sulfentrazone, thidiazimin, tiafenacil (methyl N-[2-[[2-chloro-5-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-4-fluorophenyl]thio]-1-oxopropyl]-3-alaninate) and 3-[7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-(2-propyn-1-yl)-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-6-thioxo-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione. Of note is a compound of the invention mixed with saflufenacil, flumioxazin or carfentrazone-ethyl.

“GS inhibitors” (b8) are chemical compounds that inhibit the activity of the glutamine synthetase enzyme, which plants use to convert ammonia into glutamine. Consequently, ammonia accumulates and glutamine levels decrease. Plant damage probably occurs due to the combined effects of ammonia toxicity and deficiency of amino acids required for other metabolic processes. The GS inhibitors include glufosinate and its esters and salts such as glufosinate-ammonium and other phosphinothricin derivatives, glufosinate-P ((2S)-2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid) and bilanaphos.

“VLCFA elongase inhibitors” (b9) are herbicides having a wide variety of chemical structures, which inhibit the elongase. Elongase is one of the enzymes located in or near chloroplasts which are involved in biosynthesis of VLCFAs. In plants, very-long-chain fatty acids are the main constituents of hydrophobic polymers that prevent desiccation at the leaf surface and provide stability to pollen grains. Such herbicides include acetochlor, alachlor, anilofos, butachlor, cafenstrole, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, diphenamid, fenoxasulfone (3-[[(2,5-dichloro-4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]sulfonyl]-4,5-dihydro-5,5-dimethylisoxazole), fentrazamide, flufenacet, indanofan, mefenacet, metazachlor, metolachlor, naproanilide, napropamide, napropamide-M ((2R)—N,N-diethyl-2-(1-naphthalenyloxy)propanamide), pethoxamid, piperophos, pretilachlor, propachlor, propisochlor, pyroxasulfone, and thenylchlor, including resolved forms such as S-metolachlor and chloroacetamides and oxyacetamides. Of note is a compound of the invention mixed with pyroxasulfone, metolachlor, acetochlor, dimethenamid, alachlor or flufenacet. Also of note is a compound of the invention mixed with flufenacet.

“Auxin transport inhibitors” (b10) are chemical substances that inhibit auxin transport in plants, such as by binding with an auxin-carrier protein. Examples of auxin transport inhibitors include diflufenzopyr, naptalam (also known as N-(1-naphthyl)phthalamic acid and 2-[(1-naphthalenylamino)carbonyl]benzoic acid).

“PDS inhibitors” (b11) are chemical compounds that inhibit carotenoid biosynthesis pathway at the phytoene desaturase step. Examples of PDS inhibitors include beflubutamid, diflufenican, fluridone, flurochloridone, flurtamone norflurzon and picolinafen.

“HPPD inhibitors” (b12) are chemical substances that inhibit the biosynthesis of synthesis of 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase. Examples of HPPD inhibitors include benzobicyclon, benzofenap, bicyclopyrone (4-hydroxy-3-[[2-[(2-methoxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]carbonyl]bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-one), fenquinotrione (2-[[8-chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-2-quinoxalinyl]carbonyl]-1,3-cyclohexanedione), isoxachlortole, isoxaflutole, mesotrione, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, topramezone, 5-chloro-3-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2(1H)-quinoxalinone, 4-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-methyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione, 5-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-methoxypropyl)-4(3H)-pyrimidinone, 2-methyl-N-(4-methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-3-(methylsulfinyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide and 2-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)-N-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide. Of note is a mixture of a compound of the invention with mesotrione, isoxaflutole, tembotrione, bicyclopyrone, topramazone or pyrasulfotole. Also of note is a compound of the invention mixed with mesotrione or pyrasulfatole.

HST (homogentisate solenesyltransererase) inhibitors (b13) disrupt a plant's ability to convert homogentisate to 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone, thereby disrupting carotenoid biosynthesis. Examples of HST inhibitors include haloxydine, pyriclor, 3-(2-chloro-3,6-difluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,5-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one, 7-(3,5-dichloro-4-pyridinyl)-5-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-8-hydroxypyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-6(5H)-one and 4-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone.

HST inhibitors also include compounds of Formulae A and B.

-   wherein R^(d1) is H, Cl or CF₃; R^(d2) is H, Cl or Br; R^(d3) is H     or Cl; R^(d4) is H, Cl or CF₃; R^(d5) is CH₃, CH₂CH₃ or CH₂CHF₂; and     R^(d6) is OH, or —OC(═O)-i-Pr; and R^(e1) is H, F, Cl, CH₃ or     CH₂CH₃; R^(e2) is H or CF₃; R^(e3) is H, CH₃ or CH₂CH₃; R^(e4) is H,     F or Br; R^(e5) is Cl, CH₃, CF₃, OCF₃ or CH₂CH₃; R^(e6) is H, CH₃,     CH₂CHF₂ or C≡CH; R^(e7) is OH, —OC(═O)Et, —OC(═O)-i-Pr or     —OC(═O)-t-Bu; and A^(e8) is N or CH.

Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (b14) inhibit the biosynthesis of cellulose in certain plants. They are most effective when applied preemergence or early postemergence on young or rapidly growing plants. Examples of cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors include chlorthiamid, dichlobenil, flupoxam, indaziflam (N²-[(1R,2S)-2,3-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-1H-inden-1-yl]-6-(1-fluoroethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), isoxaben and triaziflam.

Other herbicides (b15) include herbicides that act through a variety of different modes of action such as mitotic disruptors (e.g., flamprop-M-methyl and flamprop-M-isopropyl) organic arsenicals (e.g., DSMA, and MSMA), 7,8-dihydropteroate synthase inhibitors, chloroplast isoprenoid synthesis inhibitors and cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitors. Other herbicides include those herbicides having unknown modes of action or do not fall into a specific category listed in (b1) through (b14) or act through a combination of modes of action listed above. Examples of other herbicides include aclonifen, asulam, amitrole, bromobutide, cinmethylin, clomazone, cumyluron, cyclopyrimorate (6-chloro-3-(2-cyclopropyl-6-methylphenoxy)-4-pyridazinyl 4-morpholinecarboxylate), daimuron, difenzoquat, etobenzanid, fluometuron, flurenol, fosamine, fosamine-ammonium, dazomet, dymron, ipfencarbazone (1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,5-dihydro-N-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-4H-1,2,4-triazole-4-carboxamide), metam, methyldymron, oleic acid, oxaziclomefone, pelargonic acid, pyributicarb and 5-[[(2,6-difluorophenyl)methoxy]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)isoxazole.

“Herbicide safeners” (b16) are substances added to a herbicide formulation to eliminate or reduce phytotoxic effects of the herbicide to certain crops. These compounds protect crops from injury by herbicides but typically do not prevent the herbicide from controlling undesired vegetation. Examples of herbicide safeners include but are not limited to benoxacor, cloquintocet-mexyl, cumyluron, cyometrinil, cyprosulfamide, daimuron, dichlormid, dicyclonon, dimepiperate, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen-ethyl, mefenpyr-diethyl, mephenate, methoxyphenone, naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil, N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide and N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide, 1-bromo-4-[(chloromethyl)sulfonyl]benzene, 2-(dichloromethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane (MG 191), 4-(dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azospiro-[4.5]decane (MON 4660).

The compounds of Formula 1 can be prepared by general methods known in the art of synthetic organic chemistry. A wide variety of synthetic methods are known in the art to enable preparation of aromatic and nonaromatic heterocyclic rings and ring systems; for extensive reviews see the eight volume set of Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, A. R. Katritzky and C. W. Rees editors-in-chief, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1984 and the twelve volume set of Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II, A. R. Katritzky, C. W. Rees and E. F. V. Scriven editors-in-chief, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1996.

One or more of the following methods and variations as described in Schemes 1-22 can be used to prepare compounds of Formula 1. The definitions of groups R¹, R², R³, R⁴, W, X and G in the compounds of Formulae 1-35 are as defined above in the Summary of the Invention unless otherwise noted. Formulae 1a, 1b and 1c are subsets of compounds of Formula 1, and all substituents for Formulae 1a-1c are as defined above for Formula 1 unless otherwise noted. Formulae 6a, 6b and 6c are subsets of compounds of Formula 6, and all substituents for Formulae 6a-6c are as defined for Formula 6 unless otherwise noted.

As shown in Scheme 1, pyridazinones of Formula 1a (a subset of compounds of Formula 1 where W is O, and G is as defined above, but other than hydrogen) can be made by reacting substituted 5-hydroxy-3(2H)-pyridazinones of Formula 1b (i.e. Formula 1 wherein W is O and G is H) with a suitable electrophilic reagent of Formula 2 (i.e. Z¹-G where Z¹ is a leaving group, alternatively known as a nucleofuge, such as a halogen) in the presence of base in an appropriate solvent. Some examples of reagent classes representing Formula 2 wherein Z¹ is Cl include acid chlorides (G is —(C═O)R⁸), chloroformates (G is —CO₂R⁹), carbamoyl chlorides (G is —CONR¹⁰R¹¹), sulfonyl chlorides (G is —S(O)₂R⁸) and chlorosulfonamides (G is —S(O)₂NR¹⁰R¹¹). Examples of suitable bases for this reaction include, but are not limited to, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride or potassium tert-butoxide and, depending on the specific base used, appropriate solvents can be protic or aprotic and used anhydrous or as aqueous mixtures. Preferred solvents for this reaction include acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dioxane, dichloromethane or N,N-dimethylformamide. The reaction can be run under a range of temperatures, with temperatures typically ranging from 0° C. to the reflux temperature of the solvent.

Substituted 5-hydroxy-3(2H)-pyridazinones of Formula 1b can be prepared as outlined in Scheme 2 by cyclization of hydrazide esters of Formula 3 (where R³⁰ is alkyl, typically methyl or ethyl) in the presence of base and solvent. Suitable bases for this reaction include but are not limited to potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride, potassium t-butoxide or 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene. Depending on the specific base used, appropriate solvents can be protic or aprotic and used anhydrous or as aqueous mixtures. Solvents for this cyclization include acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dichloromethane or N,N-dimethylformamide. Temperatures for this cyclization generally range from 0° C. to the reflux temperature of the solvent. Literature methods for cyclizing hydrazide ester intermediates of formula CH₃(CO₂C₂H₅)C═NNCH₃C(═O)CH₂Ar (where Ar is a substituted phenyl instead of the bicyclic ring system shown in Formula 3) to the corresponding 4-aryl-5-hydroxy-pyridazinones are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,541,414 and 8,470,738. The same conditions reported in these patents are applicable to cyclizing hydrazone esters of Formula 3 to pyridazinones of Formula 1b. The method of Scheme 2 is illustrated by Step F of Synthesis Example 1, Step H of Synthesis Example 2 and Step H of Synthesis Example 3.

Substituted hydrazide esters of Formula 3 can be prepared as outlined in Scheme 3 by coupling a hydrazone ester of Formula 4 (where R³⁰ is alkyl, typically methyl or ethyl) with an acid chloride of Formula 5 in the presence of base and solvent. Preferred bases for this reaction are usually tertiary amines such as triethylamine or Hunig's base, but other bases can also be used, including N,N-dimethylaminopyridine, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride or potassium t-butoxide. Depending on the specific base used, appropriate solvents can be protic or aprotic where the reaction takes place under anhydrous conditions or as aqueous mixtures under Schotten-Baumann conditions. Solvents that are used for this acylation on nitrogen include acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane, toluene, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dichloromethane or N,N-dimethylformamide. Temperatures for this reaction can range from 0° C. to the reflux temperature of the solvent. Methods to make related hydrazide ester intermediates of formula CH₃(CO₂C₂H₅)C═NNCH₃C(═O)Ar (where Ar is a substituted phenyl) have been published in the patent literature, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,541,414 and 8,470,738, and U.S. Patent Application Publication 2010/0267561. The procedures disclosed in these patent publications are directly applicable to making intermediates useful for preparing the present compounds as depicted in Scheme 3. The method of Scheme 3 is illustrated by Step E of Synthesis Example 1, Step G of Synthesis Example 2 and Step G of Synthesis Example 3.

Hydrazone esters of Formula 4 are readily accessible by reaction of an appropriately substituted hydrazine of formula R¹NHNH₂ with a ketone or aldehyde ester of formula R²(C═O)CO₂R³⁰ (where R³⁰ is typically methyl or ethyl) in a suitable solvent such as ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile or dioxane or dichloromethane at temperatures generally ranging from 0 to 80° C. U.S. Patent Application Publications 2007/0112038 and 2005/0256123 disclose procedures for forming the hydrazone from methylhydrazine and the keto ester CH₃(C═O)CO₂C₂H₅. Preparation of hydrazone esters of Formula 4 is illustrated by Step D of Synthesis Example 1.

As shown in Scheme 4, bicyclic acetyl chlorides of Formula 5 can be prepared from the corresponding bicyclic acetic acid esters of Formula 6 wherein R³¹ is typically methyl or ethyl via ester hydrolysis and acid chloride formation. Standard methods for this transformation are known in the literature. For example, ester hydrolysis can be achieved by heating an alcoholic solution of an ester of Formula 6 with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide, following by acidification with a mineral acid. The carboxylic acid of Formula 7 formed can then be converted to the corresponding acyl chloride of Formula 5 by treatment with oxalyl chloride and a catalytic amount of N,N-dimethylformamide in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane. J. Heterocyclic Chem. 1983, 20(6), 1697-1703; J. Med. Chem. 2007, 50(1), 40-64; and PCT Patent Publications WO 2005/012291, WO 98/49141 and WO 98/49158 disclose hydrolysis of benzofuran- and benzothiophene-acetate esters to the corresponding acetic acids. Monatshefte für Chemie 1968, 99(2) 715-720 and patent publications WO 2004046122, WO 2009/038974 and JP09077767 disclose conversion of benzofuran- and benzothiophene-acetic acids to the corresponding acid chlorides. The hydrolysis step of Scheme 4 is illustrated by Step C of Synthesis Example 1, Step F of Synthesis Example 2 and Step F of Synthesis Example 3. The acyl chloride formation step of Scheme 4 is illustrated by Step E of Synthesis Example 1, Step G of Synthesis Example 2 and Step G of Synthesis Example 3.

As shown in Scheme 5, benzofuran acetates of Formula 6a (i.e. Formula 6 wherein X is O) can be made from benzofuran-3-ones of Formula 8 via either a Wittig reaction with a (triphenylphosphoranylidine)acetate of Formula 9 wherein R³¹ is typically methyl or ethyl in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or toluene or by a Wadsworth-Emmons reaction using a phosphonate acetate of Formula 10 wherein R³¹ is typically methyl or ethyl in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride or potassium tert-butoxide in a suitable solvent that is generally anhydrous tetrahydrofuran or dioxane. This reaction involves migration of an initially formed exocyclic double bond (formation of a dihydrobenzofuran substituted unsaturated ester) to inside the benzofuran ring system, thereby giving rise to a benzofuran acetate of Formula 6a. Experimental conditions for a Wittig transformation are provided in PCT Patent Publication WO 2008/074752. Temperatures typically range from 0° C. to the reflux temperature of the solvent. In some cases, longer heating is required to drive migration of the exocyclic double bond in conjugation with the ester to the endocyclic position within the fully benzofuran ring system. The method of Scheme 5 is illustrated by Step E of Synthesis Example 2 and Step E of Synthesis Example 3.

As shown in Scheme 6, substituted benzofuran-3-ones of Formula 8 where R⁴ is hydrogen or alkyl can be made by first alkylating a salicylate of Formula 11 with an α-bromo ester of Formula 12 (wherein R³² is typically methyl or ethyl) in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate or sodium hydride in an appropriate solvent, e.g., acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dioxane or N,N-dimethylformamide, at temperatures ranging from 0° C. to the reflux temperature of the solvent. Next, the bis-ester of Formula 13 is treated with a metal halide or alkoxide, e.g., sodium hydride or potassium tert-butoxide, in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane or N,N-dimethylformamide to form the corresponding benzofuran-3-one of Formula 8. An alternative more stepwise process for converting diesters of Formula 13 to benzofuran-3-ones of Formula 8 has been reported in PCT Patent Publication WO 2008/074752 whereas the method in Scheme 5 allows for cyclization of diesters of Formula 13 followed by ester hydrolysis and decarboxylation to provide benzofuran-3-ones of Formula 8 in one convenient step. The first step of the method of Scheme 6 is illustrated by Step A of Synthesis Example 2.

As illustrated in Scheme 7, substituted benzothiophenes of Formula 6b (i.e. Formula 6 wherein X is S) where R⁴ is hydrogen or alkyl are readily accessible by cyclization of appropriately substituted phenylthio ketoesters of Formula 14, generally under acidic conditions and preferably with polyphosphoric acid (PPA) neat or in an inert generally high boiling solvent, e.g., chlorobenzene, xylene or toluene. Chlorobenzene is usually the solvent of choice and for a literature example of this cyclization using PPA in chlorobenzene, see J. Heterocyclic Chem. 1988, 25, 1271-1272. Also see U.S. Pat. No. 5,376,677 for published experimental detail for making benzothiophene acetates using this PPA-mediated cyclization. The method of Scheme 7 is illustrated by Step B of Synthesis Example 1.

As shown in Scheme 8, by methods also taught in J. Heterocyclic Chem. 1988, 25, 1271-1272 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,376,677, substituted 4-phenylthio-1,3-ketoesters of Formula 14, can be readily made by alkylation of thiophenols of Formula 15 with 4-bromo-1,3-ketoesters of Formula 16 (i.e. R⁴CHBr(C═O)CH₂CO₂R where R is generally methyl or ethyl) in the presence of base in solvent. Alkylation with an alkali or alkaline carbonate such as potassium carbonate in a polar aprotic solvent such as acetonitrile or N,N-dimethylformamide is generally preferred. The method of Scheme 8 is illustrated by Step A of Synthesis Example 1.

As shown in Scheme 9, naphthalene acetic acid esters of Formula 6c (i.e. Formula 6 wherein X is —C(R⁶)═C(R⁷)—) can be prepared from appropriately substituted naphthalene amines of Formula 17. According to this method, amines of Formula 17 are diazotized (preferably with t-butyl nitrite in the presence of cupric chloride in acetonitrile) in the presence of 1,1-dichloroethene (18) to give the corresponding trichloroethylnaphthalenes of Formula 19. The trichloroethylnaphthalenes of Formula 19 are then heated with an appropriate alkali or alkaline earth alkoxide such as a sodium alkoxide of Formula 20, in a suitable solvent such as an alcohol of Formula 21, followed by acidification such as with concentrated sulfuric acid to provide the naphthalene acetic acid esters of Formula 6c. This method is taught in Pest. Manag. Sci. 2011, 67, 1499-1521 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,376,677.

An alternative method for making naphthalene acetic acid esters of Formula 6c is outlined in Scheme 10. As taught by the method in Pest. Manag. Sci. 2011, 67, 1499-1521, methyl naphthalenes of Formula 22 can be brominated with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) under free radical conditions (e.g., benzoyl peroxide as catalyst) in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, dichloromethane or tetrachloromethane to give naphthalene methyl bromides of Formula 23. Displacement of the bromine with cyanide by reacting compounds of Formula 23 with an alkali or alkaline cyanide (e.g., potassium cyanide) affords the naphthalene acetonitriles of Formula 24 that can be hydrolyzed with esterification to the acetates of Formula 6c by heating in acidic alcohol (e.g., HCl in methanol or ethanol), generally at reflux.

Hydrolysis of leaving groups at the 5-position of the pyridazinone ring can be accomplished as shown in Scheme 11. When the LG group is lower alkoxy, lower alkylsulfide (sulfoxide or sulfone), halide or N-linked azole, it can be removed by hydrolysis with basic reagents such as tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane or dioxane at temperatures from 0 to 120° C. Other hydroxide reagents useful for this hydrolysis include potassium, lithium and sodium hydroxide (see, for example, WO 2009/086041). When the LG group is lower alkoxy, hydrolysis of the LG group can also be accomplished with dealkylation reagents such as boron tribromide or morpholine (see, for example, WO 2009/086041, WO 2013/160126 and WO 2013/050421).

Introduction of a halogen at the 6-position of the pyridazinone can be accomplished by zincation followed by halogenation. For conditions, reagents and examples of zincation of pyridazinones, see Verhelst, T., Ph.D. thesis, University of Antwerp, 2012. Typically the pyridazinone of Formula 26 is treated in tetrahydrofuran with a solution of Zn(TMP)—LiCl or Zn(TMP)₂—MgCl₂—LiCl (commercially available) at −20 to 30° C. to form a zinc reagent. Subsequent addition of bromine or iodine provides compounds of Formula 27 (wherein R² is Br or I, respectively). This method is shown in Scheme 12. For preparation of a variety of appropriate zincation reagents, see Wunderlich, S. Ph.D. thesis, University of Munich, 2010 and references cited therein, as well as WO 2008/138946 and WO 2010/092096. Zincation at the 6-position of the pyridazinone ring can be accomplished in the presence of aromatic/heteroaromatic substituents, alkoxy substituents or halogen at the 4-position of the pyridazinone ring, or in the presence of halogen or alkoxy substituents at the 5-position of the pyridazinone ring.

The R² substitutent of compounds of Formula 28 (wherein R² is halogen or sulfonate) can be further transformed into other functional groups. Compounds wherein R² is alkyl, cycloalkyl or substituted alkyl can be prepared by transition metal catalyzed reactions of compounds of Formula 28 as shown in Scheme 13. For reviews of these types of reactions, see: E. Negishi, Handbook of Organopalladium Chemistry for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 2002, N. Miyaura, Cross-Coupling Reactions: A Practical Guide, Springer, New York, 2002, H. C. Brown et al., Organic Synthesis via Boranes, Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Vol. 3, 2002, Suzuki et al., Chemical Reviews 1995, 95, 2457-2483 and Molander et al., Accounts of Chemical Research 2007, 40, 275-286. Also see Gribble and Li editors Palladium in Heterocyclic Chemistry Volume 1, Pergamon Press, Amsterdam, 2000 and Gribble and Li editors Palladium in Heterocyclic Chemistry Volume 2, Pergamon Press, Amsterdam, 2007. For a review of Buchwald-Hartwig chemistry see Yudin and Hartwig, Catalyzed Carbon-Heteroatom Bond Formation, 2010, Wiley, New York.

Related synthetic methods for the introduction of other functional groups at the R-position of Formula 29 are known in the art. Copper catalyzed reactions are useful for introducing the CF₃ group. For a comprehensive recent review of reagents for this reaction see Wu, Neumann and Beller in Chemistry: An Asian Journal, 2012, ASAP, and references cited therein. For introduction of a sulfur containing substitutent at this position, see methods disclosed in WO 2013/160126. For introduction of a cyano group, see WO 2014/031971. For introduction of a nitro group, see J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 12898. For introduction of a fluoro substituent, see J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014, 3792.

Compounds of Formula 28 can be prepared by reaction of organometallic reagents with pyridazinones of Formula 29 with a reactive group at the 4-position, as shown in Scheme 14. Depending upon the leaving group a transition metal catalyst may be desirable. When the leaving group is lower alkoxy, N-linked azole (such as pyrazole or triazole) or sulfonate, no catalyst is required, and reaction directly with a magnesium reagent can take place at the 4-position. This reaction can be done in a variety of solvents which do not react with organomagnesium reagents. Typical reaction conditions include tetrahydrofuran as the solvent, a reaction temperature of −20 to 65° C., and an excess of the organomagnesium reagent. When the reactive group at the 4-position is halogen, a transition metal catalyst and ligand are helpful. A variety of different coupling partners can be used, including boron (Suzuki Reaction), tin (Stille Reaction), and zinc (Negishi reaction); these reactions can be catalyzed by palladium and nickel catalysts with a wide variety of ligands. Conditions for these reactions are known in the art; see, for example, Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions: Practical Aspects and Future Development Edited by Arpad Molnar, Wiley, 2013 and references cited within. The organomagnesium reagents used in the non-catalyzed process can be prepared by direct insertion of magnesium into a carbon-halogen bond (optionally in the presence of a lithium halide), by a Grignard exchange reaction with an i-propylmagnesium halide (optionally in the presence of a lithium halide), or by transformation of an organolithium reagent by reaction with a magnesium salt such as magnesium bromide etherate. A variety of groups which are inert toward the organomagnesium reagents can be present at R² and at the 5-position of the pyridazinone in these reactions.

Compounds of Formula 29 are known in the art or can be prepared by methods described by Maes and Lemiere in Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry III Volume 8, Katritsky, Ramsden, Scriven and Taylor editors and references cited therein. See also Verhelst, Ph.D. thesis University of Antwerp and references cited therein. Functional group transformations on pyridazinones are also described in Stevenson et. al. J. Heterocyclic Chem. 2005, 42, 427; U.S. Pat. No. 6,077,953; WO 2009/086041 and references cited therein; U.S. Pat. No. 2,782,195; WO 2013/160126; and WO 2013/050421.

Compounds of Formula 1b can also be prepared by hydrolysis of sulfonates of Formula 31 in aqueous base. Suitable bases include sodium, potassium or tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. Typical reaction temperatures range from 0 to 80° C., and typical reaction times are 1-12 hours. This method is shown in Scheme 15.

Compounds of Formula 31 can be prepared by the cyclization of compounds of Formula 32 by treatment with base. Typical bases useful in this method include potassium, sodium or cesium carbonate. Typical solvents include acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran or N,N-dimethylformamide. This method is shown in Scheme 16.

Compounds of Formula 32 can be prepared by the method shown in Scheme 17. In this method, compounds of Formula 33 are coupled with compounds of Formula 34 in the presence of a base. Bases useful in this method include triethylamine, sodium or potassium carbonate, pyridine or diisopropylethylamine.

Compounds of Formula 33 can be prepared by methods known in the art.

Compounds of Formula 34 can be prepared by several methods. In one method shown in Scheme 18, compounds of Formula 35 are first treated with ClC(O)CO₂Me in the presence of aluminum trichloride. Subsequent hydrolysis to the carboxylic acid, followed by treatment with oxalyl chloride, provides the acyl chlorides of Formula 34.

Compounds of Formula 35 are commercially available or can be prepared by methods known in the art.

As shown in Scheme 20 compounds of formula 1c can be made by rearrangement of compounds of Formula 30. This rearrangement may be carried out at temperatures between 110 and 300° C. Suitable solvents include, but are not limited to, aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylenes, diethylbenzene, and mesitylene as well as halogenated aromatics such as dichlorobenzene. Other high boiling solvents such as Dowtherm A and diglyme may be successfully employed. Many other solvents with lower boiling points can be used in conjunction with microwave heating especially when ionic liquids are added to the medium.

Compounds of Formula 30 can be prepared as shown in Scheme 21 by alkylation of pyridazinones of Formula 31 with alkyl halides of Formula 32. The reaction can be carried out in a variety of solvents such as acetone, 2-butanone, acetonitrile, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidinone, dimethylsulfoxide and dimethylformamide. The presence of an acid acceptor such as, but not limited to, cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide is preferred. The leaving group Y can be halogen or sulfonate.

Compounds of Formula 30 may also be prepared as shown in Scheme 22 by the nucleophilic displacement reaction of pyridazinones of Formula 33 with alcohols of Formula 33. Suitable solvents include dioxanes, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidinone, dimethylsulfoxide and dimethylformamide. Suitable acid acceptors include, but are not limited to, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, potassium t-butoxide, sodium hexamethyldisilazide, potassium hexamethyldisilazide, and lithium hexamethyldisilazide.

As shown in Scheme 23, pyridazinones of Formula 1a (a subset of compounds of Formula 1 where W is O) can be thionated to give the corresponding thiones of Formula 1c (i.e. Formula 1 wherein W is S) with a thionation reagent that is generally phosphorus pentasulfide in pyridine or Lawesson's reagent (2,4-bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane 2,4-disulfide) in an appropriate solvent (e.g., toluene, tetrahydrofuran or dioxane) at temperatures generally ranging 0° C. to room temperature.

It is recognized by one skilled in the art that various functional groups can be converted into others to provide different compounds of Formula 1. For a valuable resource that illustrates the interconversion of functional groups in a simple and straightforward fashion, see Larock, R. C., Comprehensive Organic Transformations: A Guide to Functional Group Preparations, 2nd Ed., Wiley-VCH, New York, 1999.

It is recognized that some reagents and reaction conditions described above for preparing compounds of Formula 1 may not be compatible with certain functionalities present in the intermediates. In these instances, the incorporation of protection/deprotection sequences or functional group interconversions into the synthesis will aid in obtaining the desired products. The use and choice of the protecting groups will be apparent to one skilled in chemical synthesis (see, for example, Greene, T. W.; Wuts, P. G. M. Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd ed.; Wiley: New York, 1991). One skilled in the art will recognize that, in some cases, after the introduction of a given reagent as depicted in any individual scheme, it may be necessary to perform additional routine synthetic steps not described in detail to complete the synthesis of compounds of Formula 1. One skilled in the art will also recognize that it may be necessary to perform a combination of the steps illustrated in the above schemes in an order other than that implied by the particular presented to prepare the compounds of Formula 1.

One skilled in the art will also recognize that compounds of Formula 1 and the intermediates described herein can be subjected to various electrophilic, nucleophilic, radical, organometallic, oxidation, and reduction reactions to add substituents or modify existing substituents.

Examples of intermediates useful in the preparation of compounds of this invention are shown in Tables I-1a through I-3d. The position(s) of the R³ group(s) in Tables I-1a through I-3d is(are) based on the locant numbering shown below.

The following abbreviations are used in the Tables which follow: Me means methyl, Et means ethyl, Pr means propyl, and Ph means phenyl.

TABLE I-1a

X is S, and R is CO₂Me. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, and R is CO₂Et. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, and R is CO₂H. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, and R is C(O)Cl. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, and R is CO₂Me. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, and R is CO₂Et. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, and R is CO₂H. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, and R is C(O)Cl. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CF—, and R is CO₂Me. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CF—, and R is CO₂Et. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CF—, and R is CO₂H. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CF—, and R is C(O)Cl. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et

TABLE I-1b

X is S, R¹ is Me, and R² is Me. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Me, and R² is Et. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Me, and R² is Br. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Me, and R² is I. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Me, and R² is Cl. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Me, and R² is OMe. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Et, and R² is Me. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Et, and R² is Et. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Et, and R² is Br. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Et, and R² is I. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Et, and R² is Cl. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Et, and R² is OMe. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, and R² is Me. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, and R² is Et. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, and R² is Br. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, and R² is I. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, and R² is Cl. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, and R² is OMe. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, and R² is Me. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, and R² is Et. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, and R² is Br. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, and R² is I. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, and R² is Cl. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, and R² is OMe. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CCl—, R¹ is Et, and R² is Me. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CCl—, R¹ is Et, and R² is Et. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CCl—, R¹ is Et, and R² is Br. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CCl—, R¹ is Et, and R² is I. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CCl—, R¹ is Et, and R² is Cl. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CCl—, R¹ is Et, and R² is OMe. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et

TABLE I-2a

X is S, and R is CO₂Na. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, and R is CO₂K. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, and R is CO₂H. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, and R is C(O)Cl. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, and R is CO₂Na. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, and R is CO₂K. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, and R is CO₂H. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, and R is C(O)Cl. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et

TABLE I-2b

X is S, R¹ is Me, and R² is Me. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Me, and R² is Et. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Me, and R² is Br. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Me, and R² is I. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Me, and R² is Cl. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Me, and R² is OMe. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Et, and R² is Me. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Et, and R² is Et. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Et, and R² is Br. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Et, and R² is I. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Et, and R² is Cl. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R¹ is Et, and R² is OMe. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, and R² is Me. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, and R² is Et. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, and R² is Br. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, and R² is I. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, and R² is Cl. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, and R² is OMe. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, and R² is Me. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, and R² is Et. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, and R² is Br. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, and R² is I. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, and R² is Cl. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, and R² is OMe. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et

Table I-2c

Table I-2c is identical to Table I-2b, except that R¹ is —SO₂Ph.

Table I-2d

Table I-2d is identical to Table I-2b, except that R¹ is —SO₂(4-methylphenyl).

Table I-2e

Table I-2e is identical to Table I-2b, except that R¹ is —SO₂(4-chlorophenyl).

TABLE I-3a

X is S, R is Me, R¹ is Me, and R² is Me. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R is Me, R¹ is Me, and R² is Et. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R is Me, R¹ is Me, and R² is Br. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R is Me, R¹ is Me, and R² is I. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R is Me, R¹ is Me, and R² is Cl. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R is Me, R¹ is Me, and R² is OMe. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R is Me, R¹ is Et, and R² is Me. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R is Me, R¹ is Et, and R² is Et. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R is Me, R¹ is Et, and R² is Br. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R is Me, R¹ is Et, and R² is I. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R is Me, R¹ is Et, and R² is Cl. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is S, R is Me, R¹ is Et, and R² is OMe. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R is Me, R¹ is Me, and R² is Me. (R3)n R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R is Me, R¹ is Me, and R² is Et. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R is Me, R¹ is Me, and R² is Br. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R is Me, R¹ is Me, and R² is I. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R is Me, R¹ is Me, and R² is Cl. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R is Me, R¹ is Me, and R² is OMe. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R is Me, R¹ is Et, and R² is Me. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R is Me, R¹ is Et, and R² is Et. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R is Me, R¹ is Et, and R² is Br. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R is Me, R¹ is Et, and R² is I. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R is Me, R¹ is Et, and R² is Cl. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et X is —CH═CH—, R is Me, R¹ is Et, and R² is OMe. (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Me H 4,6-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me H — Me 5-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Me — Et 5-Me Et 4,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me Et

Table I-3b

Table I-3b is identical to Table I-3a, except that R is phenyl.

Table I-3c

Table I-3c is identical to Table I-3a, except that R is 4-methylphenyl.

Table I-3d

Table I-3d is identical to Table I-3a, except that R is 4-chlorophenyl.

Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art using the preceding description can utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The following non-limiting Examples are illustrative of the invention. Steps in the following Examples illustrate a procedure for each step in an overall synthetic transformation, and the starting material for each step may not have necessarily been prepared by a particular preparative run whose procedure is described in other Examples or Steps. Percentages are by weight except for chromatographic solvent mixtures or where otherwise indicated. Parts and percentages for chromatographic solvent mixtures are by volume unless otherwise indicated. ¹H NMR spectra are reported in ppm downfield from tetramethylsilane in CDCl₃ solution unless indicated otherwise; “s” means singlet, “d” means doublet, “t” means triplet, “q” means quartet, “m” means multiplet, and “br s” means broad singlet.

Synthesis Example 1 Preparation of 4-(2,5-dimethylbenzo[b]thien-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone (Compound 1) Step A: Preparation of Ethyl 4-[(4-methylphenyl)thio]-3-oxopentanoate

To a mixture of potassium carbonate (1.11 g, 8.03 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (27 mL) at room temperature under nitrogen (i.e. under a nitrogen atmosphere) was added 4-methylbenzenethiol (0.626 g, 5.04 mmol). The mixture was cooled to 0° C., and then ethyl 4-bromo-3-oxopentanoate (1.25 g, 5.04 mmol) was added dropwise by syringe over 10 minutes. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature while being stirred for 16 h. Then the mixture was poured into aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.2 M, 80 mL) and extracted with diethyl ether (3×50 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography (gradient of 0 to 10% of ethyl acetate in hexanes) to yield the title product as a yellow oil (0.82 g).

¹H NMR δ 7.27-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.12 (m, 2H), 4.18 (m, 2H), 3.82 (q, 1H), 3.64-3.77 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.38 (d, 3H), 1.24-1.30 (m, 3H).

Step B: Preparation of Ethyl 2,5-dimethylbenzo[b]thiophene-3-acetate

Polyphosphoric acid (1 mL) was added to chlorobenzene (anhydrous, 20 mL), and the mixture was heated to reflux under nitrogen. To the mixture was added ethyl 4-[(4-methylphenyl)thio]-3-oxopentanoate (i.e. the product of Step A) (0.82 g, 3.08 mmol) dropwise via syringe over about 30 minutes. The mixture was held at reflux for 16 h. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, and the upper, chlorobenzene layer was decanted to a separate flask and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography (gradient of 0 to 10% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to yield the title product as a white solid (0.33 g).

¹H NMR δ 7.61 (d, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.10-7.12 (m, 1H), 4.10-4.17 (m, 2H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 1.22-1.25 (m, 3H).

Step C: Preparation of 2,5-dimethylbenzo[b]thiophene-3-acetic Acid

Ethyl 2,5-dimethylbenzo[b]thiophene-3-acetate (i.e. the product of Step B) (0.33 g, 1.33 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (50 mL), and aqueous sodium hydroxide (2 M, 5 mL, 10 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated to reflux for 3 h. The mixture was then cooled, and the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation. To the residue was added water (50 mL), and the pH was brought to ˜1 by the careful addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The mixture was then extracted with dichloromethane (3×50 mL), and the combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation to yield the title product as a white solid (0.26 g).

¹H NMR δ 7.62 (d, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.11 (m, 1H), 3.78 (s, 2H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.46 (s, 3H).

Step D: Preparation of Methyl 2-(2-methylhydrazinylidene)propanoate

To a suspension of methyl 2-oxopropanoate (17.0 mL, 169 mmol) and magnesium sulfate (20.46 g, 170 mmol) in trichloromethane (250 mL) chilled to 0° C. was added a solution of methylhydrazine (9.0 mL, 166 mmol) in trichloromethane (50 mL). The reaction mixture was then warmed to room temperature. After stirring for 24 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title product as a yellow solid (21.16 g) that was used directly in the next step without further purification. A portion of this sample was later purified by flash chromatography to provide an off-white solid.

¹H NMR δ 5.63 (br s, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.22-3.24 (m, 3H), 1.93 (s, 3H).

Step E: Preparation of Methyl 2-[2-[2-(2,5-dimethylbenzo[b]thien-3yl)acetyl]-2-methylhydrazinylidene]propanoate

To a solution of 2,5-dimethylbenzo[b]thiophene-3-acetic acid (i.e. the product of Step C) (0.26 g, 1.2 mmol) in dichloromethane (40 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (0.25 mL, 3.0 mmol) followed by a catalytic amount of DMF (3 drops). This mixture is allowed to stir for 2 h under nitrogen and then concentrated by rotary evaporation. The residue, comprising the acid chloride, was dissolved in acetonitrile (25 mL) and added dropwise over 15 min. to a mixture of methyl 2-(2-methylhydrazinylidene)propanoate (i.e. the product of Step D) (0.20 g, 1.5 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.28 g, 2.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 mL) cooled to 0° C. under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 64 h. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and water (50 mL) was added to the residue. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL), and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine (i.e. saturated aqueous sodium chloride) (50 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (gradient of 10 to 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to yield a white solid (0.23 g).

¹H NMR δ 7.55-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.46 (m, 1H), 7.04-7.09 (m, 1H), 4.08-4.17 (m, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H).

Step F: Preparation of 4-(2,5-dimethylbenzo[b]thien-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone

A solution of methyl 2-[2-[2-(2,5-dimethylbenzo[b]thien-3yl)acetyl]-2-methylhydrazinylidene]propanoate (i.e. the product of Step E) (0.23 g, 0.69 mmol) in DMF (anhydrous, 3 mL) was added via syringe pump over a period of 30 minutes to a tetrahydrofuran solution of potassium tert-butoxide (3.0 mL, 3 mmol) cooled to 0° C. under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature while being stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was poured into aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.5 M, 100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (50 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation to yield a crude residue (0.40 g), which was purified by flash chromatography (gradient of 0 to 40% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to yield the title product, a compound of the present invention, as a white solid (118 mg).

¹H NMR δ 7.60 (d, 1H), 7.09 (m, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 6.91 (br s, 1H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H).

Synthesis Example 2 Preparation of 4-(2,5-dimethyl-3-benzofuranyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3 (2H)-pyridazinone (Compound 7) Step A: Preparation of Methyl 2-(2-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethoxy)-5-methylbenzoate

A mixture of methyl 2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate (11.89 g, 71.5 mmol), methyl 2-bromopropanoate (13.03 g, 78.0 mmol) and potassium carbonate (29.71 g, 215 mmol) in acetone (300 mL) was heated under reflux for 18 h. The reaction mixture was then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporation to yield the title product as a white solid (18.9 g).

¹H NMR δ 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.15-7.24 (m, 1H), 6.70-6.84 (m, 1H), 4.73 (m, 1H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 1.63-1.65 (d, 3H).

Step B: Preparation of 2-(1-carboxyethoxy)-5-methylbenzoic Acid

A solution of methyl 2-(2-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethoxy)-5-methylbenzoate (i.e. the product of Step A) (18.9 g, 71.5 mmol) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (100 mL), methanol (100 mL) and aqueous NaOH solution (6 M, 100 mL) was heated to reflux for 16 h. Then the reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated by rotary evaporation. The residue was dissolved in water (150 mL) and acidified with aqueous concentrated hydrochloric acid to pH<2. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×125 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation to yield the title product as a yellow solid (16.31 g), which was used in Step C without further purification.

¹H NMR δ 7.91 (d, 1H), 7.36 (m, 1H), 6.90 (d, 1H), 4.99 (m, 1H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.80 (m, 3H).

Step C: Preparation of 2,5-dimethyl-3-benzofuranyl Acetate

A mixture of 2-(1-carboxyethoxy)-5-methylbenzoic acid (i.e. the product of Step B) (16.3 g, 71 mmol), acetic anhydride (145 mL) and sodium acetate (11.93 g, 145 mmol) was heated at reflux for 3 h. After cooling, the mixture was added to water (300 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (2×150 mL). The organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporation to yield the title product as a light brown oil (14.43 g), which was used in Step D without further purification.

¹H NMR δ 7.22-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.07-7.11 (m, 1H), 7.01-7.04 (m, 1H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H).

Step D: Preparation of 2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-benzofuranone

A mixture of 2,5-dimethyl-3-benzofuranyl acetate (i.e. the product of Step C) (14.40 g, 70.5 mmol), methanol (150 mL) and aqueous hydrochloric acid (1.0 M, 40 mL, 40 mmol) was heated at reflux under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was then concentrated by rotary evaporation. The residue was diluted with water and extracted with diethyl ether (2×100 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water and brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (gradient of 0 to 15% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to yield the title product as a white solid (7.47 g).

¹H NMR δ 7.41-7.46 (m, 2H), 6.99-7.02 (m, 1H), 4.60-4.64 (q, 1H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 1.50-1.54 (d, 3H).

Step E: Preparation of Methyl 2,5-dimethyl-3-benzofuranacetate

A mixture of 2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-benzofuranone (i.e. the product of Step D) (7.45 g, 45.9 mmol), methyl 2-(triphenylphosphoranylidine)acetate (20.43 g, 61.1 mmol) and toluene (300 mL) were heated at reflux for 66 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated by rotary evaporation, and diethyl ether (200 mL) was added to the crude residue. This mixture was filtered to remove solids, and the filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporation to leave an oily mixture (18 g). To this residue were added methanol (40 mL) and a methanolic hydrogen chloride solution (0.5 M, 60 mL, 30 mmol), and the mixture is heated to reflux for 16 h. Then the reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated by rotary evaporation. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (gradient of 0 to 10% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide the title product as a yellow oil (6.75 g).

¹H NMR δ 7.19-7.27 (m, 2H), 6.98-7.05 (m, 1H), 3.693 (s, 3H), 3.584 (s, 2H), 2.40-2.45 (m, 6H).

Step F: Preparation of 2,5-dimethyl-3-benzofuranacetic Acid

Aqueous sodium hydroxide (5 M, 33 mL, 165 mmol) was added to a solution of methyl 2,5-dimethyl-3-benzofuranacetate (i.e. the product of Step E) (6.75 g, 30.9 mmol) in methanol (120 mL). The mixture was heated to reflux for 16 h and then cooled. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation. To the residue was added diethyl ether (100 mL), and the resultant mixture was extracted with aqueous sodium hydroxide (1 N, 2×100 mL). The ether layer is discarded, and the combined aqueous extracts were acidified with concentrated aqueous hydrochloric acid to pH 1. The acidic aqueous mixture obtained was extracted with dichloromethane (2×125 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (100 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation to yield the title product as a yellow solid (4.93 g), which was used in Step G without further purification.

¹H NMR δ 7.22-7.28 (m, 2H), 6.99-7.05 (m, 1H), 3.61 (s, 2H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H).

Step G: Preparation of Methyl 2-[2-[2-(2,5-dimethyl-3-benzofuranyl)acetyl]-2-methylhydrazinylidene]propanoate

To a solution of 2,5-dimethyl-3-benzofuranacetic acid (i.e. the product of Step F) (4.14 g, 20.2 mmol) in dichloromethane (120 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (2.56 mL, 30.0 mmol) followed by a catalytic amount of DMF (5 drops). The resultant mixture was allowed to stir for 2 h under nitrogen and was then concentrated by rotary evaporation to leave a residue comprising the acid chloride. The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile (50 mL) and added dropwise over 25 min from an addition funnel to a mixture of methyl 2-(2-methylhydrazinylidene)propanoate (2.81 g, 21.6 mmol) and potassium carbonate (3.18 g, 23.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (30 mL) cooled to 0° C. under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 64 h. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and water (150 mL) was added to the residue. The resultant mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×80 mL), and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine (50 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (gradient of 10 to 100% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to yield the title product as a white solid (3.08 g).

¹H NMR δ 7.32 (m, 1H), 7.22-7.24 (m, 1H), 6.98-6.99 (m, 1H), 3.96 (s, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.40 (m, 6H), 2.20 (s, 3H).

Step H: Preparation of 4-(2,5-dimethyl-3-benzofuranyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3 (2H)-pyridazinone

A solution of methyl 2-[2-[2-(2,5-dimethyl-3-benzofuranyl)acetyl]-2-methylhydrazinylidene]propanoate (i.e. the product of Step G) (2.97 g, 9.39 mmol) anhydrous DMF (25 mL) was added over 30 min from an addition funnel to a tetrahydrofuran solution of potassium tert-butoxide (25.0 mL, 25.0 mmol) cooled to 0° C. under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was poured into aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.5 M, 150 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×90 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (100 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (gradient of 10 to 75% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to yield the title product, a compound of the present invention, as a white solid (790 mg).

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 10.29 (s, 1H), 7.39 (m, 1H), 7.04 (m, 1H), 6.95-7.01 (m, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.25 (m, 6H).

Synthesis Example 3 Preparation of 5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2,5,7-trimethyl-3-benzofuranyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone (Compound 12) Step A: Preparation of 2,4-dimethylphenyl Propanoate

Propanoyl chloride (2.44 g, 26.4 mmol) was added dropwise to a mixture of 2,4-dimethylphenol (3.26 g, 24 mmol) and triethylamine (3.51 mL, 25 mmol) in dichloromethane (35 mL) cooled to 0° C. under nitrogen. The mixture was stirred for 16 h, and then aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.2 M, 50 mL) was added. The organic phase was separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (50 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated to yield the title product as a yellow oil (3.91 g), which was used directly in the next step without further purification.

¹H NMR δ 7.03 (s, 1H), 6.99 (d, 1H), 6.87 (d, 1H), 2.56-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 1.26-1.31 (m, 3H).

Step B: Preparation of 1-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1-propanone

Aluminum chloride (3.10 g, 23.2 mmol) was added to 2,4-dimethylphenyl propanoate (i.e. the product of Step A) (3.91 g, 21.9 mmol), and the mixture formed was heated to 130° C. for 2 h. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, and aqueous hydrochloric acid (1.0 M, 100 mL) was added, followed by diethyl ether (100 mL). The organic phase was separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with diethyl ether (50 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated to yield the title product as a yellow crystalline solid (3.71 g), which was used directly in the next step without further purification.

¹H NMR δ 12.49 (s, 1H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 3.03 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.22-1.25 (m, 3H).

Step C: Preparation of 2-bromo-1-(2-hydroxy-3,5-methylphenyl)-1-propanone

To mixture of copper(II) bromide (9.30 g, 41.6 mmol) in ethyl acetate (30 mL) was added dropwise from an addition funnel a solution of 1-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1-propanone (i.e. the product of Step B) (3.71 g, 20.8 mmol) dissolved in trichloromethane (24 mL). The resultant mixture was heated to reflux for 16 h, then cooled to room temperature and filtered through a filter funnel packed with Celite® diatomaceous filter aid. The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was diluted with diethyl ether (100 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt solution (100 mL). The organic phase was dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation to yield the title product as a brown oil (5.33 g), which was used directly in the next step without further purification.

¹H NMR δ 12.09 (s, 1H), 7.39-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.23 (m, 1H), 5.31-5.40 (m, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.90 (d, 3H).

Step D: Preparation of 2,5,7-trimethyl-3(2H)-benzofuranone

N,N-dimethylformamide (25 mL) and potassium carbonate (4.15 g, 30 mmol) were added to 2-bromo-1-(2-hydroxy-3,5-methylphenyl)-1-propanone (i.e. the product of Step C) (5.33 g, 20.7 mmol), and the resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. Then water (150 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with diethyl ether (3×80 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water, followed by brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (eluted with gradient of 0 to 10% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to yield the title product as a yellow oil (2.13 g).

¹H NMR δ 7.26-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.26 (m, 1H), 4.59-4.64 (m, 1H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.52 (d, 3H).

Step E: Preparation of Methyl 2,5,7-trimethyl-3-benzofuranacetate

A mixture of 2,5,7-trimethyl-3(2H)-benzofuranone (i.e. the product of Step D) (2.07 g, 11.7 mmol), methyl 2-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate (5.89 g, 17.6 mmol) and toluene (120 mL) were heated at reflux for 66 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated by rotary evaporation, and to the residue was added diethyl ether (150 mL). The resultant mixture was filtered to remove solids, and the filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporation to leave an oily mixture (6 g). To this residue were added methanol (100 mL) and a methanol solution of hydrogen chloride (0.5 M, 30 mL, 15 mmol). The resultant mixture was heated to reflux for 16 h and then cooled. The mixture was concentrated by rotary evaporation to leave a residue which was purified by flash chromatography (gradient of 0 to 5% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to yield the title product as a yellow oil (0.59 g), with was used without further purification in the next step.

¹H NMR δ 7.06 (s, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.57 (s, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.39 (s, 3H).

Step F: Preparation of 2,5,7-trimethyl-3-benzofuranacetic Acid

To a solution of methyl 2,5,7-trimethyl-3-benzofuranacetate (i.e. the product of Step E) (0.55 g, 2.37 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) was added aqueous sodium hydroxide (5 M, 2 mL, 10 mmol). The resultant mixture was heated to reflux for 16 h and then cooled. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation. To the residue was added diethyl ether (100 mL), and the resultant mixture was extracted with aqueous sodium hydroxide (1 N, 2×100 mL). The ether layer was discarded, and the combined basic extracts were acidified with concentrated aqueous hydrochloric acid to a pH of 1. The acidic aqueous mixture was then extracted with dichloromethane (2×125 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation to yield the title product as a yellow solid (0.52 g), which was used in the next step without further purification.

¹H NMR δ 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 3.60 (s, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.38 (s, 3H).

Step G: Preparation of 2,5,7-trimethyl-3-benzofuranacetic acid 2-(2-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethylidene)-1-methylhydrazide

To a solution of 2,5,7-trimethyl-3-benzofuranacetic acid (i.e. the product of Step F) (0.52 g, 2.38 mmol) in dichloromethane (80 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (0.5 mL, 6.0 mmol), followed by a catalytic amount of DMF (3 drops). The resultant mixture was allowed to stir for 2 h under nitrogen and then was concentrated by rotary evaporation. The residue, which contained 2,5,7-trimethyl-3-benzofuranacetyl chloride, was dissolved in acetonitrile (50 mL) and added dropwise over 25 min from an addition funnel to a mixture of methyl 2-(2-methylhydrazinylidene)propanoate (0.35 g, 2.7 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.69 g, 5.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (30 mL) cooled to 0° C. under nitrogen. Then the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stir for 18 h. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and to the residue was added water (90 mL). The resultant mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL), and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine (50 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (gradient of 5 to 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to yield the title product as a yellow solid (0.32 g).

¹H NMR δ 7.14 (s, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 3.95 (s, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H).

Step H: Preparation of 5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2,5,7-trimethyl-3-benzofuranyl)-3 (2H)-pyridazinone

A solution of 2,5,7-trimethyl-3-benzofuranacetic acid 2-(2-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethylidene)-1-methylhydrazide (i.e. the product of Step G) (0.31 g, 1.0 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (anhydrous, 5 mL) was added by syringe pump over 1 h to a tetrahydrofuran solution of potassium tert-butoxide (1 M, 5.0 mL, 5.0 mmol) cooled to 0° C. under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. The mixture was then poured into aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.5 M, 60 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (60 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation. The resultant residue was purified by flash chromatography (gradient of 5 to 100% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to yield the title product, a compound of the present invention, as a white solid (72.3 mg).

¹H NMR δ 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 5.86 (br s, 1H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H).

Synthesis Example 4 Preparation of 4-(2,3-dimethyl-1-naphthalenyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone (Compound 46) Step A: Preparation of 5-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone

4,5-Dichloro-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone (2.00 g, 9.57 mmol) and sodium methoxide (2.00 mL of a 25 wt % solution in MeOH) were combined in 1,4-dioxane (20 mL) and stirred at room temperature overnight. The solution was then concentrated to 50% volume and partitioned between water (100 mL) and ethyl acetate (100 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×100 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated. The resulting residue was absorbed onto silica gel (1 g) and purified by MPLC with a 0-100% ethyl acetate/hexane gradient through a pre-packed 40 g silica gel column. The fractions containing pure desired product were concentrated in vacuo to yield 1.78 g of the title compound as a white solid.

Step B: Preparation of 5-chloro-4-(2,3-dimethyl-1-naphthalenyl)-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3 (2H)-pyridazinone

In a 2-neck 100 mL RB flask flushed with nitrogen fitted with a thermometer, 1-bromo-2,3-dimethylnaphthalene (1.41 g, 6.01 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) and cooled over a dry ice/acetone bath to −78° C. N-Butyllithium (2.4 mL of a 2.5M solution in hexane) was added dropwise over 15 minutes, and the reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 5 minutes. The cooling bath was then removed and the solution was allowed to warm to −50° C. Magnesium bromide etherate (1.55 g, 6.01 mmol) was then added in one portion, and the reaction mixture was stirred and warmed to −20° C. The product of Step A (0.700 g, 4.00 mmol) was then added in one portion, and the reaction mixture was stirred and warmed to room temperature. After 1 h, the resulting green colored solution was poured into saturated aqueous NH₄Cl (100 mL) and extracted into ethyl acetate (4×50 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was dissolved in dichloromethane, absorbed onto silica gel (1 g) and purified by MPLC with a gradient of 0-100% ethyl acetate/hexane through a 40 g silica gel column. The fractions containing pure desired product were combined and concentrated in vacuo to yield 0.290 g of the title compound.

Step C: Preparation of 4-(2,3-dimethyl-1-naphthalenyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3 (21H)-pyridazinone

The product of Step B (0.200 g, 0.608 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) and treated with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (0.800 mL of a 40 wt % solution in water). The resulting solution was heated to reflux and stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and poured into 1N HCl (50 mL) and extracted into ethyl acetate (4×20 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude solid was dissolved in dichloromethane and absorbed onto silica gel (1 g). Purification was performed by MPLC with a 40 to 100% ethyl actetate/hexane gradient through a 40 g silica gel column. The fractions containing desired product were combined and concentrated in vacuo to yield 0.130 g of the title compound, a compound of the invention, as a white solid.

Synthesis Example 5 Preparation of 6-chloro-4-(5-chloro-2-methylbenzo[b]thiene-2-yl)-5-hydroxy-2-methylpyridazin-3(2H)-one (Compound 91) Step A: Preparation of 6-chloro-5-[(5-chlorobenzo[b]thien-2-yl)methoxy]-2-methylpyridazin-3 (2H)-one

A slurry of N,N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) and sodium hydride (0.335 g, 8.37 mmol) was cooled over ice for 15 min under nitrogen. 5-Chloro-[b]thiophene-2-methanol (1.33 g, 6.7 mmol) was added portionwise under a blanket of nitrogen and stirred over ice for 15 min. 5,6-Dichloro-2-methyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone (1.00 g, 5.58 mol) was then added under a blanket of nitrogen. The ice bath was removed and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. The resulting reaction mixture was then poured into a solution of saturated ammonium chloride and ice (200 mL) and extracted into diethyl ether (3×40 mL). The resulting organic layers were combined, dried over MgSO₄ and absorbed onto silica gel (4 g). Chromatography using a 40 g silica gel column eluting with a gradient of 0 to 100% ethyl acetate in hexanes gradient afforded the title compound as as a yellow solid. (1.00 g, 53% yield).

¹H NMR (500 MHz) δ 7.78-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.32 (m, 2H), 5.35 (s, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H).

Step B: Preparation 6-chloro-4-(5-chloro-2-methylbenzo[b]thiene-2-yl)-5-hydroxy-2-methylpyridazin-3(2H)-one

6-Chloro-5-[(5-chlorobenzo[b]thien-2-yl)methoxy]-2-methylpyridazin-3 (2H)-one (i.e. the product obtained in Step A above, 0.250 g, 0.700 mmol) was dissolved in 5 mL xylenes in a 40 mL scintillation vial and stirred at 175° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and 40 mL of hexane was added. The resulting precipitate was filtered, washed with hexane and dried to give the desired product as an orange solid (0.100 g).

¹H NMR (500 MHz) δ 7.71-7.69 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.24 (m, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H).

By the procedures described herein together with methods known in the art, the following compounds of Tables 1 to 619 can be prepared. The following abbreviations are used in the Tables which follow: t means tertiary, s means secondary, n means normal, i means iso, Me means methyl, Et means ethyl, Pr means propyl, Bu means butyl, Bu means butyl, OMe means methoxy, CN means cyano, S(O)₂Me means methylsulfonyl, and “-” means no substitution with R³.

TABLE 1

W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is H. (R³)_(n) R⁴ (R³)_(n) R⁴ (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H — Me — Et 4-Me H 4-Me Me 4-Me Et 5-Me H 5-Me Me 5-Me Et 6-Me H 6-Me Me 6-Me Et 7-Me H 7-Me Me 7-Me Et 4-Et H 4-Et Me 4-Et Et 5-Et H 5-Et Me 5-Et Et 6-Et H 6-Et Me 6-Et Et 7-Et H 7-Et Me 7-Et Et 4-Pr H 4-Pr Me 4-Pr Et 5-Pr H 5-Pr Me 5-Pr Et 6-Pr H 6-Pr Me 6-Pr Et 7-Pr H 7-Pr Me 7-Pr Et 4-OMe H 4-OMe Me 4-OMe Et 5-OMe H 5-OMe Me 5-OMe Et 6-OMe H 6-OMe Me 6-OMe Et 7-OMe H 7-OMe Me 7-OMe Et 4-CN H 4-CN Me 4-CN Et 5-CN H 5-CN Me 5-CN Et 6-CN H 6-CN Me 6-CN Et 7-CN H 7-CN Me 7-CN Et 4-CF₃ H 4-CF₃ Me 4-CF₃ Et 5-CF₃ H 5-CF₃ Me 5-CF₃ Et 6-CF₃ H 6-CF₃ Me 6-CF₃ Et 7-CF₃ H 7-CF₃ Me 7-CF₃ Et 4-F H 4-F Me 4-F Et 5-F H 5-F Me 5-F Et 6-F H 6-F Me 6-F Et 7-F H 7-F Me 7-F Et 4-Cl H 4-Cl Me 4-Cl Et 5-Cl H 5-Cl Me 5-Cl Et 6-Cl H 6-Cl Me 6-Cl Et 7-Cl H 7-Cl Me 7-Cl Et 4-Br H 4-Br Me 4-Br Et 5-Br H 5-Br Me 5-Br Et 6-Br H 6-Br Me 6-Br Et 7-Br H 7-Br Me 7-Br Et 4-OCHF₂ H 4-OCHF₂ Me 4-OCHF₂ Et 5OCHF₂ H 5OCHF₂ Me 5OCHF₂ Et 6-OCHF₂ H 6-OCHF₂ Me 6-OCHF₂ Et 7-OCHF₂ H 7-OCHF₂ Me 7-OCHF₂ Et 4-(C≡CH) H 4-(C≡CH) Me 4-(C≡CH) Et 5-(C≡CH) H 5-(C≡CH) Me 5-(C═CH) Et 6-(C≡CH) H 6-(C≡CH) Me 6-(C═CH) Et 7-(C≡CH) H 7-(C≡CH) Me 7-(C≡CH) Et 4,5-di-Me H 4,5-di-Me Me 4,5-di-Me Et 4,6-di-Me H 4,6-di-Me Me 4,6-di-Me Et 4,7-di-Me H 4,7-di-Me Me 4,7-di-Me Et 5,6-di-Me H 5,6-di-Me Me 5,6-di-Me Et 5,7-di-Me H 5,7-di-Me Me 5,7-di-Me Et 5-Cl, 7-Me H 5-Cl, 7-Me Me 5-Cl, 7-Me Et 5-Cl, 7-OMe H 5-Cl, 7-OMe Me 5-Cl, 7-OMe Et 5-F, 7-Me H 5-F, 7-Me Me 5-F, 7-Me Et 5-Me, 7-F H 5-Me, 7-F Me 5-Me, 7-F Et 5-Me, 7-Cl H 5-Me, 7-Cl Me 5-Me, 7-Cl Et 5-Me, 7-CN H 5-Me, 7-CN Me 5-Me, 7-CN Et 5-Me, 7-OMe H 5-Me, 7-OMe Me 5-Me, 7-OMe Et 5-(C≡CH), 7-Me H 5-(C≡CH), 7-Me Me 5-(C≡CH), 7-Me Et 5,7-di-F H 5,7-di-F Me 5,7-di-F Et 5,7-di-Cl H 5,7-di-Cl Me 5,7-di-Cl Et 5,7-di-Br H 5,7-di-Br Me 5,7-di-Br Et — Pr — F — Cl 4-Me Pr 4-Me F 4-Me Cl 5-Me Pr 5-Me F 5-Me Cl 6-Me Pr 6-Me F 6-Me Cl 7-Me Pr 7-Me F 7-Me Cl 4-Et Pr 4-Et F 4-Et Cl 5-Et Pr 5-Et F 5-Et Cl 6-Et Pr 6-Et F 6-Et Cl 7-Et Pr 7-Et F 7-Et Cl 4-Pr Pr 4-Pr F 4-Pr Cl 5-Pr Pr 5-Pr F 5-Pr Cl 6-Pr Pr 6-Pr F 6-Pr Cl 7-Pr Pr 7-Pr F 7-Pr Cl 4-OMe Pr 4-OMe F 4-OMe Cl 5-OMe Pr 5-OMe F 5-OMe Cl 6-OMe Pr 6-OMe F 6-OMe Cl 7-OMe Pr 7-OMe F 7-OMe Cl 4-CN Pr 4-CN F 4-CN Cl 5-CN Pr 5-CN F 5-CN Cl 6-CN Pr 6-CN F 6-CN Cl 7-CN Pr 7-CN F 7-CN Cl 4-CF₃ Pr 4-CF₃ F 4-CF₃ Cl 5-CF₃ Pr 5-CF₃ F 5-CF₃ Cl 6-CF₃ Pr 6-CF₃ F 6-CF₃ Cl 7-CF₃ Pr 7-CF₃ F 7-CF₃ Cl 4-F Pr 4-F F 4-F Cl 5-F Pr 5-F F 5-F Cl 6-F Pr 6-F F 6-F Cl 7-F Pr 7-F F 7-F Cl 4-Cl Pr 4-Cl F 4-Cl Cl 5-Cl Pr 5-Cl F 5-Cl Cl 6-Cl Pr 6-Cl F 6-Cl Cl 7-Cl Pr 7-Cl F 7-Cl Cl 4-Br Pr 4-Br F 4-Br Cl 5-Br Pr 5-Br F 5-Br Cl 6-Br Pr 6-Br F 6-Br Cl 7-Br Pr 7-Br F 7-Br Cl 4-OCHF₂ Pr 4-OCHF₂ F 4-OCHF₂ Cl 5OCHF₂ Pr 5OCHF₂ F 5OCHF₂ Cl 6-OCHF₂ Pr 6-OCHF₂ F 6-OCHF₂ Cl 7-OCHF₂ Pr 7-OCHF₂ F 7-OCHF₂ Cl 4-(C≡CH) Pr 4-(C≡CH) F 4-(C≡CH) Cl 5-(C≡CH) Pr 5-(C≡CH) F 5-(C≡CH) Cl 6-(C≡CH) Pr 6-(C≡CH) F 6-(C≡CH) Cl 7-(C≡CH) Pr 7-(C≡CH) F 7-(C≡CH) Cl 4,5-di-Me Pr 4,5-di-Me F 4,5-di-Me Cl 4,6-di-Me Pr 4,6-di-Me F 4,6-di-Me Cl 4,7-di-Me Pr 4,7-di-Me F 4,7-di-Me Cl 5,6-di-Me Pr 5,6-di-Me F 5,6-di-Me Cl 5,7-di-Me Pr 5,7-di-Me F 5,7-di-Me Cl 5-Cl, 7-Me Pr 5-Cl, 7-Me F 5-Cl, 7-Me Cl 5-Cl, 7-OMe Pr 5-Cl, 7-OMe F 5-Cl, 7-OMe Cl 5-F, 7-Me Pr 5-F, 7-Me F 5-F, 7-Me Cl 5-Me, 7-F Pr 5-Me, 7-F F 5-Me, 7-F Cl 5-Me, 7-Cl Pr 5-Me, 7-Cl F 5-Me, 7-Cl Cl 5-Me, 7-CN Pr 5-Me, 7-CN F 5-Me, 7-CN Cl 5-Me, 7-OMe Pr 5-Me, 7-OMe F 5-Me, 7-OMe Cl 5-(C≡CH), 7-Me Pr 5-(C≡CH), 7-Me F 5-(C≡CH), 7-Me Cl 5,7-di-F Pr 5,7-di-F F 5,7-di-F Cl 5,7-di-Cl Pr 5,7-di-Cl F 5,7-di-Cl Cl 5,7-di-Br Pr 5,7-di-Br F 5,7-di-Br Cl — Br — CN — C≡CH 4-Me Br 4-Me CN 4-Me C≡CH 5-Me Br 5-Me CN 5-Me C≡CH 6-Me Br 6-Me CN 6-Me C≡CH 7-Me Br 7-Me CN 7-Me C≡CH 4-Et Br 4-Et CN 4-Et C≡CH 5-Et Br 5-Et CN 5-Et C≡CH 6-Et Br 6-Et CN 6-Et C≡CH 7-Et Br 7-Et CN 7-Et C≡CH 4-Pr Br 4-Pr CN 4-Pr C≡CH 5-Pr Br 5-Pr CN 5-Pr C≡CH 6-Pr Br 6-Pr CN 6-Pr C≡CH 7-Pr Br 7-Pr CN 7-Pr C≡CH 4-OMe Br 4-OMe CN 4-OMe C≡CH 5-OMe Br 5-OMe CN 5-OMe C≡CH 6-OMe Br 6-OMe CN 6-OMe C≡CH 7-OMe Br 7-OMe CN 7-OMe C≡CH 4-CN Br 4-CN CN 4-CN C≡CH 5-CN Br 5-CN CN 5-CN C≡CH 6-CN Br 6-CN CN 6-CN C≡CH 7-CN Br 7-CN CN 7-CN C≡CH 4-CF₃ Br 4-CF₃ CN 4-CF₃ C≡CH 5-CF₃ Br 5-CF₃ CN 5-CF₃ C≡CH 6-CF₃ Br 6-CF₃ CN 6-CF₃ C≡CH 7-CF₃ Br 7-CF₃ CN 7-CF₃ C≡CH 4-F Br 4-F CN 4-F C≡CH 5-F Br 5-F CN 5-F C≡CH 6-F Br 6-F CN 6-F C≡CH 7-F Br 7-F CN 7-F C≡CH 4-Cl Br 4-Cl CN 4-Cl C≡CH 5-Cl Br 5-Cl CN 5-Cl C≡CH 6-Cl Br 6-Cl CN 6-Cl C≡CH 7-Cl Br 7-Cl CN 7-Cl C≡CH 4-Br Br 4-Br CN 4-Br C≡CH 5-Br Br 5-Br CN 5-Br C≡CH 6-Br Br 6-Br CN 6-Br C≡CH 7-Br Br 7-Br CN 7-Br C≡CH 4-OCHF₂ Br 4-OCHF₂ CN 4-OCHF₂ C≡CH 5OCHF₂ Br 5OCHF₂ CN 5OCHF₂ C≡CH 6-OCHF₂ Br 6-OCHF₂ CN 6-OCHF₂ C≡CH 7-OCHF₂ Br 7-OCHF₂ CN 7-OCHF₂ C≡CH 4-(C≡CH) Br 4-(C≡CH) CN 4-(C≡CH) C≡CH 5-(C≡CH) Br 5-(C≡CH) CN 5-(C≡CH) C≡CH 6-(C≡CH) Br 6-(C≡CH) CN 6-(C≡CH) C≡CH 7-(C≡CH) Br 7-(C≡CH) CN 7-(C≡CH) C≡CH 4,5-di-Me Br 4,5-di-Me CN 4,5-di-Me C≡CH 4,6-di-Me Br 4,6-di-Me CN 4,6-di-Me C≡CH 4,7-di-Me Br 4,7-di-Me CN 4,7-di-Me C≡CH 5,6-di-Me Br 5,6-di-Me CN 5,6-di-Me C≡CH 5,7-di-Me Br 5,7-di-Me CN 5,7-di-Me C≡CH 5-Cl, 7-Me Br 5-Cl, 7-Me CN 5-Cl, 7-Me C≡CH 5-Cl, 7-OMe Br 5-Cl, 7-OMe CN 5-Cl, 7-OMe C≡CH 5-F, 7-Me Br 5-F, 7-Me CN 5-F, 7-Me C≡CH 5-Me, 7-F Br 5-Me, 7-F CN 5-Me, 7-F C≡CH 5-Me, 7-Cl Br 5-Me, 7-Cl CN 5-Me, 7-Cl C≡CH 5-Me, 7-CN Br 5-Me, 7-CN CN 5-Me, 7-CN C≡CH 5-Me, 7-OMe Br 5-Me, 7-OMe CN 5-Me, 7-OMe C≡CH 5-(C≡CH), 7-Me Br 5-(C≡CH), 7-Me CN 5-(C≡CH), 7-Me C≡CH 5,7-di-F Br 5,7-di-F CN 5,7-di-F C≡CH 5,7-di-Cl Br 5,7-di-Cl CN 5,7-di-Cl C≡CH 5,7-di-Br Br 5,7-di-Br CN 5,7-di-Br C≡CH — OMe — OCHF₂ — SMe 4-Me OMe 4-Me OCHF₂ 4-Me SMe 5-Me OMe 5-Me OCHF₂ 5-Me SMe 6-Me OMe 6-Me OCHF₂ 6-Me SMe 7-Me OMe 7-Me OCHF₂ 7-Me SMe 4-Et OMe 4-Et OCHF₂ 4-Et SMe 5-Et OMe 5-Et OCHF₂ 5-Et SMe 6-Et OMe 6-Et OCHF₂ 6-Et SMe 7-Et OMe 7-Et OCHF₂ 7-Et SMe 4-Pr OMe 4-Pr OCHF₂ 4-Pr SMe 5-Pr OMe 5-Pr OCHF₂ 5-Pr SMe 6-Pr OMe 6-Pr OCHF₂ 6-Pr SMe 7-Pr OMe 7-Pr OCHF₂ 7-Pr SMe 4-OMe OMe 4-OMe OCHF₂ 4-OMe SMe 5-OMe OMe 5-OMe OCHF₂ 5-OMe SMe 6-OMe OMe 6-OMe OCHF₂ 6-OMe SMe 7-OMe OMe 7-OMe OCHF₂ 7-OMe SMe 4-CN OMe 4-CN OCHF₂ 4-CN SMe 5-CN OMe 5-CN OCHF₂ 5-CN SMe 6-CN OMe 6-CN OCHF₂ 6-CN SMe 7-CN OMe 7-CN OCHF₂ 7-CN SMe 4-CF₃ OMe 4-CF₃ OCHF₂ 4-CF₃ SMe 5-CF₃ OMe 5-CF₃ OCHF₂ 5-CF₃ SMe 6-CF₃ OMe 6-CF₃ OCHF₂ 6-CF₃ SMe 7-CF₃ OMe 7-CF₃ OCHF₂ 7-CF₃ SMe 4-F OMe 4-F OCHF₂ 4-F SMe 5-F OMe 5-F OCHF₂ 5-F SMe 6-F OMe 6-F OCHF₂ 6-F SMe 7-F OMe 7-F OCHF₂ 7-F SMe 4-Cl OMe 4-Cl OCHF₂ 4-Cl SMe 5-Cl OMe 5-Cl OCHF₂ 5-Cl SMe 6-Cl OMe 6-Cl OCHF₂ 6-Cl SMe 7-Cl OMe 7-Cl OCHF₂ 7-Cl SMe 4-Br OMe 4-Br OCHF₂ 4-Br SMe 5-Br OMe 5-Br OCHF₂ 5-Br SMe 6-Br OMe 6-Br OCHF₂ 6-Br SMe 7-Br OMe 7-Br OCHF₂ 7-Br SMe 4-OCHF₂ OMe 4-OCHF₂ OCHF₂ 4-OCHF₂ SMe 5OCHF₂ OMe 5OCHF₂ OCHF₂ 5OCHF₂ SMe 6-OCHF₂ OMe 6-OCHF₂ OCHF₂ 6-OCHF₂ SMe 7-OCHF₂ OMe 7-OCHF₂ OCHF₂ 7-OCHF₂ SMe 4-(C≡CH) OMe 4-(C≡CH) OCHF₂ 4-(C≡CH) SMe 5-(C≡CH) OMe 5-(C≡CH) OCHF₂ 5-(C≡CH) SMe 6-(C≡CH) OMe 6-(C≡CH) OCHF₂ 6-(C≡CH) SMe 7-(C≡CH) OMe 7-(C≡CH) OCHF₂ 7-(C≡CH) SMe 4,5-di-Me OMe 4,5-di-Me OCHF₂ 4,5-di-Me SMe 4,6-di-Me OMe 4,6-di-Me OCHF₂ 4,6-di-Me SMe 4,7-di-Me OMe 4,7-di-Me OCHF₂ 4,7-di-Me SMe 5,6-di-Me OMe 5,6-di-Me OCHF₂ 5,6-di-Me SMe 5,7-di-Me OMe 5,7-di-Me OCHF₂ 5,7-di-Me SMe 5-Cl, 7-Me OMe 5-Cl, 7-Me OCHF₂ 5-Cl, 7-Me SMe 5-Cl, 7-OMe OMe 5-Cl, 7-OMe OCHF₂ 5-Cl, 7-OMe SMe 5-F, 7-Me OMe 5-F, 7-Me OCHF₂ 5-F, 7-Me SMe 5-Me, 7-F OMe 5-Me, 7-F OCHF₂ 5-Me, 7-F SMe 5-Me, 7-Cl OMe 5-Me, 7-Cl OCHF₂ 5-Me, 7-Cl SMe 5-Me, 7-CN OMe 5-Me, 7-CN OCHF₂ 5-Me, 7-CN SMe 5-Me, 7-OMe OMe 5-Me, 7-OMe OCHF₂ 5-Me, 7-OMe SMe 5-(C≡CH), 7-Me OMe 5-(C≡CH), 7-Me OCHF₂ 5-(C≡CH), 7-Me SMe 5,7-di-F OMe 5,7-di-F OCHF₂ 5,7-di-F SMe 5,7-di-Cl OMe 5,7-di-Cl OCHF₂ 5,7-di-Cl SMe 5,7-di-Br OMe 5,7-di-Br OCHF₂ 5,7-di-Br SMe — SCHF₂ — SCF₃ 4-Me SCHF₂ 4-Me SCF₃ 5-Me SCHF₂ 5-Me SCF₃ 6-Me SCHF₂ 6-Me SCF₃ 7-Me SCHF₂ 7-Me SCF₃ 4-Et SCHF₂ 4-Et SCF₃ 5-Et SCHF₂ 5-Et SCF₃ 6-Et SCHF₂ 6-Et SCF₃ 7-Et SCHF₂ 7-Et SCF₃ 4-Pr SCHF₂ 4-Pr SCF₃ 5-Pr SCHF₂ 5-Pr SCF₃ 6-Pr SCHF₂ 6-Pr SCF₃ 7-Pr SCHF₂ 7-Pr SCF₃ 4-OMe SCHF₂ 4-OMe SCF₃ 5-OMe SCHF₂ 5-OMe SCF₃ 6-OMe SCHF₂ 6-OMe SCF₃ 7-OMe SCHF₂ 7-OMe SCF₃ 4-CN SCHF₂ 4-CN SCF₃ 5-CN SCHF₂ 5-CN SCF₃ 6-CN SCHF₂ 6-CN SCF₃ 7-CN SCHF₂ 7-CN SCF₃ 4-CF₃ SCHF₂ 4-CF₃ SCF₃ 5-CF₃ SCHF₂ 5-CF₃ SCF₃ 6-CF₃ SCHF₂ 6-CF₃ SCF₃ 7-CF₃ SCHF₂ 7-CF₃ SCF₃ 4-F SCHF₂ 4-F SCF₃ 5-F SCHF₂ 5-F SCF₃ 6-F SCHF₂ 6-F SCF₃ 7-F SCHF₂ 7-F SCF₃ 4-Cl SCHF₂ 4-Cl SCF₃ 5-Cl SCHF₂ 5-Cl SCF₃ 6-Cl SCHF₂ 6-Cl SCF₃ 7-Cl SCHF₂ 7-Cl SCF₃ 4-Br SCHF₂ 4-Br SCF₃ 5-Br SCHF₂ 5-Br SCF₃ 6-Br SCHF₂ 6-Br SCF₃ 7-Br SCHF₂ 7-Br SCF₃ 4-OCHF₂ SCHF₂ 4-OCHF₂ SCF₃ 5OCHF₂ SCHF₂ 5OCHF₂ SCF₃ 6-OCHF₂ SCHF₂ 6-OCHF₂ SCF₃ 7-OCHF₂ SCHF₂ 7-OCHF₂ SCF₃ 4-(C≡CH) SCHF₂ 4-(C≡CH) SCF₃ 5-(C≡CH) SCHF₂ 5-(C≡CH) SCF₃ 6-(C≡CH) SCHF₂ 6-(C≡CH) SCF₃ 7-(C≡CH) SCHF₂ 7-(C≡CH) SCF₃ 4,5-di-Me SCHF₂ 4,5-di-Me SCF₃ 4,6-di-Me SCHF₂ 4,6-di-Me SCF₃ 4,7-di-Me SCHF₂ 4,7-di-Me SCF₃ 5,6-di-Me SCHF₂ 5,6-di-Me SCF₃ 5,7-di-Me SCHF₂ 5,7-di-Me SCF₃ 5-Cl, 7-Me SCHF₂ 5-Cl, 7-Me SCF₃ 5-Cl, 7-OMe SCHF₂ 5-Cl, 7-OMe SCF₃ 5-F, 7-Me SCHF₂ 5-F, 7-Me SCF₃ 5-Me, 7-F SCHF₂ 5-Me, 7-F SCF₃ 5-Me, 7-Cl SCHF₂ 5-Me, 7-Cl SCF₃ 5-Me, 7-CN SCHF₂ 5-Me, 7-CN SCF₃ 5-Me, 7-OMe SCHF₂ 5-Me, 7-OMe SCF₃ 5-(C≡CH), 7-Me SCHF₂ 5-(C≡CH), 7-Me SCF₃ 5,7-di-F SCHF₂ 5,7-di-F SCF₃ 5,7-di-Cl SCHF₂ 5,7-di-Cl SCF₃ 5,7-di-Br SCHF₂ 5,7-di-Br SCF₃

Table 2 is constructed in the same manner except that the Row Heading “W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is H.” is replaced with the Row Heading listed for Table 2 below (i.e. “W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me.”). Therefore the first entry in Table 2 is a compound of Formula 1 wherein W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, (R³)_(n) is “-” (i.e. n is 0; no substitution with R³), R⁴ is H, and G is C(O)Me. Tables 3 through 627 are constructed similarly.

Table Row Heading 2 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me. 3 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Et. 4 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 5 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 6 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Me. 7 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Et. 8 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 9 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 10 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is SO₂Me. 11 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is H, and G is C(O)Me. 12 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is H, and G is C(O)Et. 13 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is H, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 14 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is H, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 15 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is H, and G is CO₂Me. 16 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is H, and G is CO₂Et. 17 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is H, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 18 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is H, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 19 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is H, and G is SO₂Me. 20 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, and G is C(O)Me. 21 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, and G is C(O)Et. 22 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 23 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 24 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, and G is CO₂Me. 25 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, and G is CO₂Et. 26 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 27 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 28 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, and G is SO₂Me. 29 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)Me. 30 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)Et. 31 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 32 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 33 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂Me. 34 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂Et. 35 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 36 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 37 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Pr, and G is SO₂Me. 38 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)Me. 39 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)Et. 40 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 41 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 42 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂Me. 43 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂Et. 44 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 45 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 46 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, and G is SO₂Me. 47 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)Me. 48 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)Et. 49 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 50 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 51 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂Me. 52 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂Et. 53 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 54 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 55 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, and G is SO₂Me. 56 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Me. 57 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Et. 58 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 59 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 60 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Me. 61 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Et. 62 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 63 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 64 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is SO₂Me. 65 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is I, and G is C(O)Me. 66 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is I, and G is C(O)Et. 67 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is I, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 68 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is I, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 69 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is I, and G is CO₂Me. 70 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is I, and G is CO₂Et. 71 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is I, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 72 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is I, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 73 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is I, and G is SO₂Me. 74 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)Me. 75 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)Et. 76 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 77 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 78 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂Me. 79 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂Et. 80 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 81 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 82 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, and G is SO₂Me. 83 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)Me. 84 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)Et. 85 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 86 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 87 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂Me. 88 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂Et. 89 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 90 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 91 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is OEt, and G is SO₂Me. 92 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me. 93 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Et. 94 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 95 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 96 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Me. 97 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Et. 98 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 99 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 100 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, and G is SO₂Me. 101 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is H, and G is C(O)Me. 102 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is H, and G is C(O)Et. 103 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is H, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 104 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is H, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 105 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is H, and G is CO₂Me. 106 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is H, and G is CO₂Et. 107 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is H, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 108 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is H, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 109 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is H, and G is SO₂Me. 110 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Et, and G is C(O)Me. 111 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Et, and G is C(O)Et. 112 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Et, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 113 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Et, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 114 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Et, and G is CO₂Me. 115 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Et, and G is CO₂Et. 116 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Et, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 117 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Et, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 118 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Et, and G is SO₂Me. 119 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)Me. 120 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)Et. 121 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 122 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 123 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂Me. 124 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂Et. 125 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 126 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 127 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Pr, and G is SO₂Me. 128 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)Me. 129 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)Et. 130 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 131 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 132 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂Me. 133 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂Et. 134 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 135 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 136 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, and G is SO₂Me. 137 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)Me. 138 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)Et. 139 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 140 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 141 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂Me. 142 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂Et. 143 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 144 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 145 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, and G is SO₂Me. 146 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Me. 147 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Et. 148 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 149 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 150 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Me. 151 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Et. 152 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 153 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 154 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, and G is SO₂Me. 155 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is I, and G is C(O)Me. 156 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is I, and G is C(O)Et. 157 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is I, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 158 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is I, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 159 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is I, and G is CO₂Me. 160 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is I, and G is CO₂Et. 161 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is I, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 162 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is I, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 163 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is I, and G is SO₂Me. 164 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)Me. 165 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)Et. 166 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 167 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 168 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂Me. 169 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂Et. 170 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 171 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 172 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, and G is SO₂Me. 173 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)Me. 174 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)Et. 175 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 176 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 177 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂Me. 178 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂Et. 179 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 180 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 181 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Et, R² is OEt, and G is SO₂Me. 182 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me. 183 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Et. 184 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Me, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 185 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Me, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 186 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Me. 187 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Et. 188 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Me, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 189 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Me, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 190 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Me, and G is SO₂Me. 191 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is H, and G is C(O)Me. 192 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is H, and G is C(O)Et. 193 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is H, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 194 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is H, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 195 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is H, and G is CO₂Me. 196 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is H, and G is CO₂Et. 197 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is H, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 198 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is H, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 199 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is H, and G is SO₂Me. 200 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Et, and G is C(O)Me. 201 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Et, and G is C(O)Et. 202 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Et, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 203 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Et, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 204 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Et, and G is CO₂Me. 205 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Et, and G is CO₂Et. 206 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Et, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 207 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Et, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 208 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Et, and G is SO₂Me. 209 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)Me. 210 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)Et. 211 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 212 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 213 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂Me. 214 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂Et. 215 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 216 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 217 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Pr, and G is SO₂Me. 218 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)Me. 219 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)Et. 220 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 221 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 222 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂Me. 223 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂Et. 224 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 225 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 226 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is CF₃, and G is SO₂Me. 227 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)Me. 228 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)Et. 229 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 230 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 231 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂Me. 232 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂Et. 233 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 234 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 235 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Cl, and G is SO₂Me. 236 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Me. 237 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Et. 238 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Br, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 239 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Br, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 240 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Me. 241 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Et. 242 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Br, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 243 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is Br, and G is CO2-t-Bu. 244 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R₂ is Br, and G is SO2Me. 245 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is I, and G is C(O)Me. 246 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is I, and G is C(O)Et. 247 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is I, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 248 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is I, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 249 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is I, and G is CO₂Me. 250 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is I, and G is CO₂Et. 251 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is I, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 252 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is I, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 253 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is I, and G is SO₂Me. 254 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)Me. 255 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)Et. 256 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 257 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 258 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂Me. 259 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂Et. 260 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 261 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 262 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is OMe, and G is SO₂Me. 263 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)Me. 264 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)Et. 265 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 266 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 267 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂Me. 268 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂Et. 269 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 270 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 271 W is O, X is S, R¹ is Pr, R² is OEt, and G is SO₂Me. 272 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me. 273 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Et. 274 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 275 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 276 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Me. 277 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Et. 278 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 279 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 280 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is SO₂Me. 281 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, and G is C(O)Me. 282 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, and G is C(O)Et. 283 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 284 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 285 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, and G is CO₂Me. 286 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, and G is CO₂Et. 287 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 288 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 289 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, and G is SO₂Me. 290 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, and G is C(O)Me. 291 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, and G is C(O)Et. 292 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 293 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 294 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, and G is CO₂Me. 295 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, and G is CO₂Et. 296 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 297 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 298 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, and G is SO₂Me. 299 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)Me. 300 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)Et. 301 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 302 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 303 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂Me. 304 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂Et. 305 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 306 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 307 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Pr, and G is SO₂Me. 308 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)Me. 309 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)Et. 310 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 311 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 312 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂Me. 313 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂Et. 314 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 315 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 316 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, and G is SO₂Me. 317 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)Me. 318 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)Et. 319 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 320 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 321 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂Me. 322 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂Et. 323 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 324 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 325 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, and G is SO₂Me. 326 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Me. 327 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Et. 328 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 329 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 330 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Me. 331 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Et. 332 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 333 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 334 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is SO₂Me. 335 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, and G is C(O)Me. 336 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, and G is C(O)Et. 337 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 338 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 339 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, and G is CO₂Me. 340 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, . and G is CO₂Et 341 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 342 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 343 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, and G is SO₂Me. 344 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)Me. 345 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)Et. 346 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 347 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 348 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂Me. 349 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂Et. 350 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 351 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 352 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, and G is SO₂Me. 353 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)Me. 354 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)Et. 355 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 356 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 357 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂Me. 358 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂Et. 359 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 360 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 361 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is OEt, and G is SO₂Me. 362 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me. 363 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Et. 364 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 365 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 366 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Me. 367 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Et. 368 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 369 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 370 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, and G is SO₂Me. 371 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, and G is C(O)Me. 372 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, and G is C(O)Et. 373 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 374 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 375 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, and G is CO₂Me. 376 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, and G is CO₂Et. 377 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 378 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 379 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, and G is SO₂Me. 380 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Et, and G is C(O)Me. 381 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Et, and G is C(O)Et. 382 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Et, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 383 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Et, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 384 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Et, and G is CO₂Me. 385 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Et, and G is CO₂Et. 386 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Et, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 387 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Et, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 388 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Et, and G is SO₂Me. 389 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)Me. 390 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)Et. 391 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 392 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 393 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂Me. 394 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂Et. 395 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 396 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 397 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Pr, and G is SO₂Me. 398 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)Me. 399 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)Et. 400 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 401 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 402 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂Me. 403 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂Et. 404 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 405 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 406 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, and G is SO₂Me. 407 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)Me. 408 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)Et. 409 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 410 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 411 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂Me. 412 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂Et. 413 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 414 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 415 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, and G is SO₂Me. 416 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Me. 417 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Et. 418 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 419 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 420 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Me. 421 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Et. 422 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 423 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 424 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, and G is SO₂Me. 425 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, and G is C(O)Me. 426 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, and G is C(O)Et. 427 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 428 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 429 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, and G is CO₂Me. 430 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, and G is CO₂Et. 431 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 432 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 433 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, and G is SO₂Me. 434 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)Me. 435 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)Et. 436 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 437 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 438 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂Me. 439 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂Et. 440 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 441 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 442 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, and G is SO₂Me. 443 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)Me. 444 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)Et. 445 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 446 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 447 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂Me. 448 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂Et. 449 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 450 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 451 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Et, R² is OEt, and G is SO₂Me. 452 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me. 453 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Et. 454 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Me, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 455 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Me, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 456 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Me. 457 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Et. 458 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Me, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 459 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Me, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 460 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Me, and G is SO₂Me. 461 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is H, and G is C(O)Me. 462 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is H, and G is C(O)Et. 463 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is H, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 464 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is H, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 465 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is H, and G is CO₂Me. 466 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is H, and G is CO₂Et. 467 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is H, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 468 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is H, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 469 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is H, and G is SO₂Me. 470 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Et, and G is C(O)Me. 471 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Et, and G is C(O)Et. 472 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Et, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 473 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Et, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 474 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Et, and G is CO₂Me. 475 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Et, and G is CO₂Et. 476 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Et, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 477 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Et, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 478 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Et, and G is SO₂Me. 479 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)Me. 480 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)Et. 481 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 482 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Pr, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 483 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂Me. 484 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂Et. 485 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 486 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Pr, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 487 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Pr, and G is SO₂Me. 488 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)Me. 489 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)Et. 490 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 491 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is CF₃, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 492 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂Me. 493 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂Et. 494 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 495 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is CF₃, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 496 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is CF₃, and G is SO₂Me. 497 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)Me. 498 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)Et. 499 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 500 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 501 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂Me. 502 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂Et. 503 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 504 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Cl, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 505 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Cl, and G is SO₂Me. 506 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Me. 507 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Et. 508 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Br, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 509 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Br, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 510 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Me. 511 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Et. 512 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Br, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 513 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Br, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 514 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is Br, and G is SO₂Me. 515 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is I, and G is C(O)Me. 516 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is I, and G is C(O)Et. 517 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is I, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 518 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is I, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 519 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is I, and G is CO₂Me. 520 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is I, and G is CO₂Et. 521 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is I, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 522 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is I, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 523 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is I, and G is SO₂Me. 524 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)Me. 525 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)Et. 526 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 527 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is OMe, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 528 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂Me. 529 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂Et. 530 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 531 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is OMe, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 532 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is OMe, and G is SO₂Me. 533 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)Me. 534 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)Et. 535 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)-i-Pr. 536 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is OEt, and G is C(O)-t-Bu. 537 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂Me. 538 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂Et. 539 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂-i-Pr. 540 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is OEt, and G is CO₂-t-Bu. 541 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Pr, R² is OEt, and G is SO₂Me. 542 W is O, X is S, R¹ is CH₂CF₃, R² is Me, and G is H. 543 W is O, X is S, R¹ is CH₂CF₃, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me. 544 W is O, X is S, R¹ is CH₂CF₃, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Me. 545 W is O, X is S, R¹ is CH₂CF₃, R² is Br, and G is H. 546 W is O, X is S, R¹ is CH₂CF₃, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Me. 547 W is O, X is S, R¹ is CH₂CF₃, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Me. 548 W is O, X is S, R¹ is CH₂CH₂CN, R² is Me, and G is H. 549 W is O, X is S, R¹ is CH₂CH₂CN, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me. 550 W is O, X is S, R¹ is CH₂CH₂CN, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Me. 551 W is O, X is S, R¹ is CH₂CH₂CN, R² is Br, and G is H. 552 W is O, X is S, R¹ is CH₂CH₂CN, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Me. 553 W is O, X is S, R¹ is CH₂CH₂CN, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Me. 554 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₂CF₃, R² is Me, and G is H. 555 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₂CF₃, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me. 556 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₂CF₃, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Me. 557 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₂CF₃, R² is Br, and G is H. 558 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₂CF₃, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Me. 559 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₂CF₃, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Me. 560 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₂CH₂CN, R² is Me, and G is H. 561 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₂CH₂CN, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me. 562 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₂CH₂CN, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Me. 563 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₂CH₂CN, R² is Br, and G is H. 564 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₂CH₂CN, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Me. 565 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₂CH₂CN, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Me. 566 W is O, X is O, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is H. 567 W is O, X is O, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me. 568 W is O, X is O, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Me. 569 W is O, X is O, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is H. 570 W is O, X is O, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Me. 571 W is O, X is O, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Me. 572 W is O, X is —CH═C(Me)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is H. 573 W is O, X is —CH═C(Me)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me. 574 W is O, X is —CH═C(Me)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Me. 575 W is O, X is —CH═C(Me)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is H. 576 W is O, X is —CH═C(Me)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Me. 577 W is O, X is —CH═C(Me)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Me. 578 W is O, X is N(Me), R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is H. 579 W is O, X is N(Me), R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me. 580 W is O, X is N(Me), R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Me. 581 W is O, X is N(Me), R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is H. 582 W is O, X is N(Me), R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Me. 583 W is O, X is N(Me), R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Me. 584 W is O, X is —CH═C(F)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is H. 585 W is O, X is —CH═C(F)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me. 586 W is O, X is —CH═C(F)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Me. 587 W is O, X is —CH═C(F)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is H. 588 W is O, X is —CH═C(F)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Me. 589 W is O, X is —CH═C(F)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Me. 590 W is O, X is —CH═C(Cl)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is H. 591 W is O, X is —CH═C(Cl)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me. 592 W is O, X is —CH═C(Cl)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Me. 593 W is O, X is —CH═C(Cl)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is H. 594 W is O, X is —CH═C(Cl)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Me. 595 W is O, X is —CH═C(Cl)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Me. 596 W is O, X is —CH═C(OMe)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is H. 597 W is O, X is —CH═C(OMe)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me. 598 W is O, X is —CH═C(OMe)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Me. 599 W is O, X is —CH═C(OMe)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is H. 600 W is O, X is —CH═C(OMe)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Me. 601 W is O, X is —CH═C(OMe)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Me. 602 W is O, X is —CH═C(CN)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is H. 603 W is O, X is —CH═C(CN)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me. 604 W is O, X is —CH═C(CN)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Me. 605 W is O, X is —CH═C(CN)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is H. 606 W is O, X is —CH═C(CN)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Me. 607 W is O, X is —CH═C(CN)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is CO2Me. 608 W is S, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is H. 609 W is S, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me. 610 W is S, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Me. 611 W is S, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is H. 612 W is S, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Me. 613 W is S, X is S, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Me. 614 W is S, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is H. 615 W is S, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is C(O)Me. 616 W is S, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, and G is CO₂Me. 617 W is S, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is H. 618 W is S, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is C(O)Me. 619 W is S, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, and G is CO₂Me. 620 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₃, R² is Me, and G is H. 621 W is S, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₃, R² is Me, and G is H. 622 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₂CH₃, R² is Me, and G is H. 623 W is S, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₂CH₃, R² is Me, and G is H. 624 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₃, R² is Et, and G is H. 625 W is S, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₃, R² is Et, and G is H. 626 W is O, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₂CH₃, R² is Et, and G is H. 627 W is S, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is CH₂CH₃, R² is Et, and G is H. Formulation/Utility

A compound of this invention will generally be used as a herbicidal active ingredient in a composition, i.e. formulation, with at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of surfactants, solid diluents and liquid diluents, which serves as a carrier. The formulation or composition ingredients are selected to be consistent with the physical properties of the active ingredient, mode of application and environmental factors such as soil type, moisture and temperature.

Useful formulations include both liquid and solid compositions. Liquid compositions include solutions (including emulsifiable concentrates), suspensions, emulsions (including microemulsions, oil-in-water emulsions, flowable concentrates and/or suspoemulsions) and the like, which optionally can be thickened into gels. The general types of aqueous liquid compositions are soluble concentrate, suspension concentrate, capsule suspension, concentrated emulsion, microemulsion, oil-in-water emulsion, flowable concentrate and suspo-emulsion. The general types of nonaqueous liquid compositions are emulsifiable concentrate, microemulsifiable concentrate, dispersible concentrate and oil dispersion.

The general types of solid compositions are dusts, powders, granules, pellets, prills, pastilles, tablets, filled films (including seed coatings) and the like, which can be water-dispersible (“wettable”) or water-soluble. Films and coatings formed from film-forming solutions or flowable suspensions are particularly useful for seed treatment. Active ingredient can be (micro)encapsulated and further formed into a suspension or solid formulation; alternatively the entire formulation of active ingredient can be encapsulated (or “overcoated”). Encapsulation can control or delay release of the active ingredient. An emulsifiable granule combines the advantages of both an emulsifiable concentrate formulation and a dry granular formulation. High-strength compositions are primarily used as intermediates for further formulation.

Sprayable formulations are typically extended in a suitable medium before spraying. Such liquid and solid formulations are formulated to be readily diluted in the spray medium, usually water, but occasionally another suitable medium like an aromatic or paraffinic hydrocarbon or vegetable oil. Spray volumes can range from about from about one to several thousand liters per hectare, but more typically are in the range from about ten to several hundred liters per hectare. Sprayable formulations can be tank mixed with water or another suitable medium for foliar treatment by aerial or ground application, or for application to the growing medium of the plant. Liquid and dry formulations can be metered directly into drip irrigation systems or metered into the furrow during planting.

The formulations will typically contain effective amounts of active ingredient, diluent and surfactant within the following approximate ranges which add up to 100 percent by weight.

Weight Percent Active Surfac- Ingredient Diluent tant Water-Dispersible and Water-soluble 0.001-90   0-99.999 0-15 Granules, Tablets and Powders Oil Dispersions, Suspensions,    1-50 40-99 0-50 Emulsions, Solutions (including Emulsifiable Concentrates) Dusts    1-25 70-99 0-5 Granules and Pellets 0.001-99   5-99.999  0-15 High Strength Compositions   90-99 0-10 0-2

Solid diluents include, for example, clays such as bentonite, montmorillonite, attapulgite and kaolin, gypsum, cellulose, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, starch, dextrin, sugars (e.g., lactose, sucrose), silica, talc, mica, diatomaceous earth, urea, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, and sodium sulfate. Typical solid diluents are described in Watkins et al., Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers, 2nd Ed., Dorland Books, Caldwell, N.J.

Liquid diluents include, for example, water, N,N-dimethylalkanamides (e.g., N,N-dimethylformamide), limonene, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-alkylpyrrolidones (e.g., N-methylpyrrolidinone), alkyl phosphates (e.g., triethyl phosphate), ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, paraffins (e.g., white mineral oils, normal paraffins, isoparaffins), alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, glycerine, glycerol triacetate, sorbitol, aromatic hydrocarbons, dearomatized aliphatics, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, ketones such as cyclohexanone, 2-heptanone, isophorone and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, acetates such as isoamyl acetate, hexyl acetate, heptyl acetate, octyl acetate, nonyl acetate, tridecyl acetate and isobornyl acetate, other esters such as alkylated lactate esters, dibasic esters, alkyl and aryl benzoates and γ-butyrolactone, and alcohols, which can be linear, branched, saturated or unsaturated, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, n-hexanol, 2-ethylhexanol, n-octanol, decanol, isodecyl alcohol, isooctadecanol, cetyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, cresol and benzyl alcohol. Liquid diluents also include glycerol esters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (typically C₆-C₂₂), such as plant seed and fruit oils (e.g., oils of olive, castor, linseed, sesame, corn (maize), peanut, sunflower, grapeseed, safflower, cottonseed, soybean, rapeseed, coconut and palm kernel), animal-sourced fats (e.g., beef tallow, pork tallow, lard, cod liver oil, fish oil), and mixtures thereof. Liquid diluents also include alkylated fatty acids (e.g., methylated, ethylated, butylated) wherein the fatty acids may be obtained by hydrolysis of glycerol esters from plant and animal sources, and can be purified by distillation. Typical liquid diluents are described in Marsden, Solvents Guide, 2nd Ed., Interscience, New York, 1950.

The solid and liquid compositions of the present invention often include one or more surfactants. When added to a liquid, surfactants (also known as “surface-active agents”) generally modify, most often reduce, the surface tension of the liquid. Depending on the nature of the hydrophilic and lipophilic groups in a surfactant molecule, surfactants can be useful as wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers or defoaming agents.

Surfactants can be classified as nonionic, anionic or cationic. Nonionic surfactants useful for the present compositions include, but are not limited to: alcohol alkoxylates such as alcohol alkoxylates based on natural and synthetic alcohols (which may be branched or linear) and prepared from the alcohols and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof; amine ethoxylates, alkanolamides and ethoxylated alkanolamides; alkoxylated triglycerides such as ethoxylated soybean, castor and rapeseed oils; alkylphenol alkoxylates such as octylphenol ethoxylates, nonylphenol ethoxylates, dinonyl phenol ethoxylates and dodecyl phenol ethoxylates (prepared from the phenols and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof); block polymers prepared from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide and reverse block polymers where the terminal blocks are prepared from propylene oxide; ethoxylated fatty acids; ethoxylated fatty esters and oils; ethoxylated methyl esters; ethoxylated tristyrylphenol (including those prepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof); fatty acid esters, glycerol esters, lanolin-based derivatives, polyethoxylate esters such as polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyethoxylated sorbitol fatty acid esters and polyethoxylated glycerol fatty acid esters; other sorbitan derivatives such as sorbitan esters; polymeric surfactants such as random copolymers, block copolymers, alkyd peg (polyethylene glycol) resins, graft or comb polymers and star polymers; polyethylene glycols (pegs); polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters; silicone-based surfactants; and sugar-derivatives such as sucrose esters, alkyl polyglycosides and alkyl polysaccharides.

Useful anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to: alkylaryl sulfonic acids and their salts; carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates; diphenyl sulfonate derivatives; lignin and lignin derivatives such as lignosulfonates; maleic or succinic acids or their anhydrides; olefin sulfonates; phosphate esters such as phosphate esters of alcohol alkoxylates, phosphate esters of alkylphenol alkoxylates and phosphate esters of styryl phenol ethoxylates; protein-based surfactants; sarcosine derivatives; styryl phenol ether sulfate; sulfates and sulfonates of oils and fatty acids; sulfates and sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols; sulfates of alcohols; sulfates of ethoxylated alcohols; sulfonates of amines and amides such as N,N-alkyltaurates; sulfonates of benzene, cumene, toluene, xylene, and dodecyl and tridecylbenzenes; sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes; sulfonates of naphthalene and alkyl naphthalene; sulfonates of fractionated petroleum; sulfosuccinamates; and sulfosuccinates and their derivatives such as dialkyl sulfosuccinate salts.

Useful cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to: amides and ethoxylated amides; amines such as N-alkyl propanediamines, tripropylenetriamines and dipropylenetetramines, and ethoxylated amines, ethoxylated diamines and propoxylated amines (prepared from the amines and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof); amine salts such as amine acetates and diamine salts; quaternary ammonium salts such as quaternary salts, ethoxylated quaternary salts and diquatemary salts; and amine oxides such as alkyldimethylamine oxides and bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-alkylamine oxides.

Also useful for the present compositions are mixtures of nonionic and anionic surfactants or mixtures of nonionic and cationic surfactants. Nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants and their recommended uses are disclosed in a variety of published references including McCutcheon's Emulsifiers and Detergents, annual American and International Editions published by McCutcheon's Division, The Manufacturing Confectioner Publishing Co.; Sisely and Wood, Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents, Chemical Publ. Co., Inc., New York, 1964; and A. S. Davidson and B. Milwidsky, Synthetic Detergents, Seventh Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1987.

Compositions of this invention may also contain formulation auxiliaries and additives, known to those skilled in the art as formulation aids (some of which may be considered to also function as solid diluents, liquid diluents or surfactants). Such formulation auxiliaries and additives may control: pH (buffers), foaming during processing (antifoams such polyorganosiloxanes), sedimentation of active ingredients (suspending agents), viscosity (thixotropic thickeners), in-container microbial growth (antimicrobials), product freezing (antifreezes), color (dyes/pigment dispersions), wash-off (film formers or stickers), evaporation (evaporation retardants), and other formulation attributes. Film formers include, for example, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers and waxes. Examples of formulation auxiliaries and additives include those listed in McCutcheon's Volume 2: Functional Materials, annual International and North American editions published by McCutcheon's Division, The Manufacturing Confectioner Publishing Co.; and PCT Publication WO 03/024222.

The compound of Formula 1 and any other active ingredients are typically incorporated into the present compositions by dissolving the active ingredient in a solvent or by grinding in a liquid or dry diluent. Solutions, including emulsifiable concentrates, can be prepared by simply mixing the ingredients. If the solvent of a liquid composition intended for use as an emulsifiable concentrate is water-immiscible, an emulsifier is typically added to emulsify the active-containing solvent upon dilution with water. Active ingredient slurries, with particle diameters of up to 2,000 μm can be wet milled using media mills to obtain particles with average diameters below 3 μm. Aqueous slurries can be made into finished suspension concentrates (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,060,084) or further processed by spray drying to form water-dispersible granules. Dry formulations usually require dry milling processes, which produce average particle diameters in the 2 to 10 μm range. Dusts and powders can be prepared by blending and usually grinding (such as with a hammer mill or fluid-energy mill). Granules and pellets can be prepared by spraying the active material upon preformed granular carriers or by agglomeration techniques. See Browning, “Agglomeration”, Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, pp 147-48, Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963, pages 8-57 and following, and WO 91/13546. Pellets can be prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,172,714. Water-dispersible and water-soluble granules can be prepared as taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,144,050, 3,920,442 and DE 3,246,493. Tablets can be prepared as taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,180,587, 5,232,701 and 5,208,030. Films can be prepared as taught in GB 2,095,558 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,299,566.

For further information regarding the art of formulation, see T. S. Woods, “The Formulator's Toolbox—Product Forms for Modern Agriculture” in Pesticide Chemistry and Bioscience, The Food-Environment Challenge, T. Brooks and T. R. Roberts, Eds., Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on Pesticide Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1999, pp. 120-133. See also U.S. Pat. No. 3,235,361, Col. 6, line 16 through Col. 7, line 19 and Examples 10-41; U.S. Pat. No. 3,309,192, Col. 5, line 43 through Col. 7, line 62 and Examples 8, 12, 15, 39, 41, 52, 53, 58, 132, 138-140, 162-164, 166, 167 and 169-182; U.S. Pat. No. 2,891,855, Col. 3, line 66 through Col. 5, line 17 and Examples 1-4; Klingman, Weed Control as a Science, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1961, pp 81-96; Hance et al., Weed Control Handbook, 8th Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1989; and Developments in formulation technology, PJB Publications, Richmond, U K, 2000.

In the following Examples, all percentages are by weight and all formulations are prepared in conventional ways. Compound numbers refer to compounds in Index Table A. Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art using the preceding description can utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The following non-limiting Examples are illustrative of the invention. Percentages are by weight except where otherwise indicated.

Example A

High Strength Concentrate Compound 1 98.5% silica aerogel  0.5% synthetic amorphous  1.0% fine silica

Example B

Wettable Powder Compound 1 65.0% dodecylphenol polyethylene glycol ether  2.0% sodium ligninsulfonate  4.0% sodium silicoaluminate  6.0% montmorillonite (calcined) 23.0%

Example C

Granule Compound 1 10.0% attapulgite granules (low volatile 90.0% matter, 0.71/0.30 mm; U.S.S. No. 25-50 sieves)

Example D

Extruded Pellet Compound 1 25.0% anhydrous sodium sulfate 10.0% crude calcium ligninsulfonate  5.0% sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate  1.0% calcium/magnesium bentonite 59.0%

Example E

Emulsifiable Concentrate Compound 1 10.0% polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexoleate 20.0% C₆-C₁₀ fatty acid methyl ester 70.0%

Example F

Microemulsion Compound 1  5.0% polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl 30.0% acetate copolymer alkylpolyglycoside 30.0% glyceryl monooleate 15.0% water 20.0%

Example G

Suspension Concentrate Compound 1   35% butyl polyoxyethylene/polypropylene  4.0% block copolymer stearic acid/polyethylene  1.0% glycol copolymer styrene acry1ic polymer  1.0% xanthan gum  0.1% propylene glycol  5.0% silicone based defoamer  0.1% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one  0.1% water 53.7%

Example H

Emulsion in Water Compound 1 10.0% butyl polyoxyethylene/polypropylene  4.0% block copolymer stearic acid/polyethylene  1.0% glycol copolymer styrene acry1ic polymer  1.0% xanthan gum  0.1% propylene glycol  5.0% silicone based defoamer  0.1% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one  0.1% aromatic petroleum 20.0  based hydrocarbon water 58.7%

Example I

Oil Dispersion Compound 1   25% polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate   15% organically modified bentonite clay  2.5% fatty acid methyl ester 57.5%

The present disclosure also includes Examples A through I above except the “Compound 1” is replaced with “Compound 2”, “Compound 3”, “Compound 4”, “Compound 5”, “Compound 6”, “Compound 7”, “Compound 8”, “Compound 9”, “Compound 10”, “Compound 11”, “Compound 12”, “Compound 13”, “Compound 14”, “Compound 15”, “Compound 16”, “Compound 17”, “Compound 18”, “Compound 19”, “Compound 20”, “Compound 21”, “Compound 22”, “Compound 23”, “Compound 24”, “Compound 25”, “Compound 26”, “Compound 27”, “Compound 28”, “Compound 29”, “Compound 30”, “Compound 31”, “Compound 32”, “Compound 33”, “Compound 34”, “Compound 35”, “Compound 36”, “Compound 37”, “Compound 38”, “Compound 39”, “Compound 40”, “Compound 41”, “Compound 42”, “Compound 43”, “Compound 44”, “Compound 45”, “Compound 46”, “Compound 47”, “Compound 48”, “Compound 49”, “Compound 50”, “Compound 51”, “Compound 52”, “Compound 53”, “Compound 54”, “Compound 55”, “Compound 56”, “Compound 57”, “Compound 58”, “Compound 59”, “Compound 60”, “Compound 61”, “Compound 62”, “Compound 63”, “Compound 64”, “Compound 65”, “Compound 66”, “Compound 67”, “Compound 68”, “Compound 69”, “Compound 70”, “Compound 71”, “Compound 72”, “Compound 73”, “Compound 74”, “Compound 75”, “Compound 76”, “Compound 77”, “Compound 78”, “Compound 79”, “Compound 80”, “Compound 81”, “Compound 82”, “Compound 83”, “Compound 84”, “Compound 85”, “Compound 86”, “Compound 87”, “Compound 88”, “Compound 89”, “Compound 90”, “Compound 91”, “Compound 92”, “Compound 93”, “Compound 94”, “Compound 95”, “Compound 96”, “Compound 97”, “Compound 98”, “Compound 99”, “Compound 100”, “Compound 101”, “Compound 102”, “Compound 103”, “Compound 104”, “Compound 105”, “Compound 106”, “Compound 107”, “Compound 108”, “Compound 109”, “Compound 110”, “Compound 111”, “Compound 112”, “Compound 113”, “Compound 114”, “Compound 115”, “Compound 116”, “Compound 117”, “Compound 118”, “Compound 119”, “Compound 120”, “Compound 121”, “Compound 122”, “Compound 123”, “Compound 124”, “Compound 125”, “Compound 126”, “Compound 127”, “Compound 128”, “Compound 129”, “Compound 130”, “Compound 131”, “Compound 132”, “Compound 133”, “Compound 134”, “Compound 135”, “Compound 136”, “Compound 137”, “Compound 138”, “Compound 139”, “Compound 140”, “Compound 141”, “Compound 142”, “Compound 143”, “Compound 144”, “Compound 145”, “Compound 146”, “Compound 147”, “Compound 148”, “Compound 149”, “Compound 150”, “Compound 151”, “Compound 152”, “Compound 153”, “Compound 154”, “Compound 155”, “Compound 156”, “Compound 157”, “Compound 158”, “Compound 159”, “Compound 160”, “Compound 161”, “Compound 162”, “Compound 163”, “Compound 164”, “Compound 165”, “Compound 166”, “Compound 167”, “Compound 168”, “Compound 169”, “Compound 170”, “Compound 171”, “Compound 172”, “Compound 173”, “Compound 174”, “Compound 175”, “Compound 176”, “Compound 177”, “Compound 178”, “Compound 179”, “Compound 180”, “Compound 181”, “Compound 182”, “Compound 183”, “Compound 184”, “Compound 185”, “Compound 186”, “Compound 187” or “Compound 188”.

Test results indicate that the compounds of the present invention are highly active preemergent and/or postemergent herbicides and/or plant growth regulants. The compounds of the invention generally show highest activity for postemergence weed control (i.e. applied after weed seedlings emerge from the soil) and preemergence weed control (i.e. applied before weed seedlings emerge from the soil). Many of them have utility for broad-spectrum pre- and/or postemergence weed control in areas where complete control of all vegetation is desired such as around fuel storage tanks, industrial storage areas, parking lots, drive-in theaters, air fields, river banks, irrigation and other waterways, around billboards and highway and railroad structures. Many of the compounds of this invention, by virtue of selective metabolism in crops versus weeds, or by selective activity at the locus of physiological inhibition in crops and weeds, or by selective placement on or within the environment of a mixture of crops and weeds, are useful for the selective control of grass and broadleaf weeds within a crop/weed mixture. One skilled in the art will recognize that the preferred combination of these selectivity factors within a compound or group of compounds can readily be determined by performing routine biological and/or biochemical assays. Compounds of this invention may show tolerance to important agronomic crops including, but is not limited to, alfalfa, barley, cotton, wheat, rape, sugar beets, corn (maize), sorghum, soybeans, rice, oats, peanuts, vegetables, tomato, potato, perennial plantation crops including coffee, cocoa, oil palm, rubber, sugarcane, citrus, grapes, fruit trees, nut trees, banana, plantain, pineapple, hops, tea and forests such as eucalyptus and conifers (e.g., loblolly pine), and turf species (e.g., Kentucky bluegrass, St. Augustine grass, Kentucky fescue and Bermuda grass). Compounds of this invention can be used in crops genetically transformed or bred to incorporate resistance to herbicides, express proteins toxic to invertebrate pests (such as Bacillus thuringiensis toxin), and/or express other useful traits. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that not all compounds are equally effective against all weeds. Alternatively, the subject compounds are useful to modify plant growth.

As the compounds of the invention have both preemergent and postemergent herbicidal activity, to control undesired vegetation by killing or injuring the vegetation or reducing its growth, the compounds can be usefully applied by a variety of methods involving contacting a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of the invention, or a composition comprising said compound and at least one of a surfactant, a solid diluent or a liquid diluent, to the foliage or other part of the undesired vegetation or to the environment of the undesired vegetation such as the soil or water in which the undesired vegetation is growing or which surrounds the seed or other propagule of the undesired vegetation.

A herbicidally effective amount of the compounds of this invention is determined by a number of factors. These factors include: formulation selected, method of application, amount and type of vegetation present, growing conditions, etc. In general, a herbicidally effective amount of compounds of this invention is about 0.001 to 20 kg/ha with a preferred range of about 0.004 to 1 kg/ha. One skilled in the art can easily determine the herbicidally effective amount necessary for the desired level of weed control.

In one common embodiment, a compound of the invention is applied, typically in a formulated composition, to a locus comprising desired vegetation (e.g., crops) and undesired vegetation (i.e. weeds), both of which may be seeds, seedlings and/or larger plants, in contact with a growth medium (e.g., soil). In this locus, a composition comprising a compound of the invention can be directly applied to a plant or a part thereof, particularly of the undesired vegetation, and/or to the growth medium in contact with the plant.

Plant varieties and cultivars of the desired vegetation in the locus treated with a compound of the invention can be obtained by conventional propagation and breeding methods or by genetic engineering methods. Genetically modified plants (transgenic plants) are those in which a heterologous gene (transgene) has been stably integrated into the plant's genome. A transgene that is defined by its particular location in the plant genome is called a transformation or transgenic event.

Genetically modified plant cultivars in the locus which can be treated according to the invention include those that are resistant against one or more biotic stresses (pests such as nematodes, insects, mites, fungi, etc.) or abiotic stresses (drought, cold temperature, soil salinity, etc.), or that contain other desirable characteristics. Plants can be genetically modified to exhibit traits of, for example, herbicide tolerance, insect-resistance, modified oil profiles or drought tolerance. Useful genetically modified plants containing single gene transformation events or combinations of transformation events are listed in Exhibit C. Additional information for the genetic modifications listed in Exhibit C can be obtained from publicly available databases maintained, for example, by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

The following abbreviations, T1 through T37, are used in Exhibit C for traits. “tol.” means “tolerance”. A hyphen “-” means the entry is not available.

Trait Description  T1 Glyphosate tolerance  T2 High lauric acid oil  T3 Glufosinate tolerance  T4 Phytate breakdown  T5 Oxynil tolerance  T6 Disease resistance  T7 Insect resistance  T9 Modified flower color T11 ALS herbicide tol. T12 Dicamba tolerance T13 Anti-allergy T14 Salt tolerance T15 Cold tolerance T16 Imidazolinone herbicide tol. T17 Modified alpha-amylase T18 Pollination control T19 2,4-D tolerance T20 Increased lysine T21 Drought tolerance T22 Delayed ripening/senescence T23 Modified product quality T24 High cellulose T25 Modified starch/carbohydrate T26 Insect & disease resistance T27 High tryptophan T28 Erect leaves semidwarf T29 Semidwarf T30 Low iron tolerance T31 Modified oil/fatty acid T32 HPPD tolerance T33 High oil T34 Aryloxyalkanoate tol. T35 Mesotrione tolerance T36 Reduced nicotine T37 Modified product

Exhibit C Crop Event Name Event Code Trait(s) Gene(s) Alfalfa J101 MON-00101-8 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Alfalfa J163 MON-ØØ163-7 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Canola* 23-18-17 (Event 18) CGN-89465-2 T2 te Canola* 23-198 (Event 23) CGN-89465-2 T2 te Canola* 61061 DP-Ø61Ø61-7 T1 gat4621 Canola* 73496 DP-Ø73496-4 T1 gat4621 Canola* GT200 (RT200) MON-89249-2 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Canola* GT73 (RT73) MON-ØØØ73-7 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Canola* HCN10 (Topas 19/2) — T3 bar Canola* HCN28 (T45) ACS-BNØØ8-2 T3 pat (syn) Canola* HCN92 (Topas 19/2) ACS-BNØØ7-1 T3 bar Canola* MON88302 MON-883Ø2-9 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Canola* MPS961 — T4 phyA Canola* MPS962 — T4 phyA Canola* MPS963 — T4 phyA Canola* MPS964 — T4 phyA Canola* MPS965 — T4 phyA Canola* MS1 (B91-4) ACS-BNØØ4-7 T3 bar Canola* MS8 ACS-BNØØ5-8 T3 bar Canola* OXY-235 ACS-BNØ11-5 T5 bxn Canola* PHY14 — T3 bar Canola* PHY23 — T3 bar Canola* PHY35 — T3 bar Canola* PHY36 — T3 bar Canola* RF1 (B93-101) ACS-BNØØ1-4 T3 bar Canola* RF2 (B94-2) ACS-BNØØ2-5 T3 bar Canola* RF3 ACS-BNØØ3-6 T3 bar Bean EMBRAPA 5.1 EMB-PV051-1 T6 ac1 (sense and antisense) Brinjal # EE-1 — T7 cry1Ac Cotton 19-51a DD-Ø1951A-7 T11 S4-HrA Cotton 281-24-236 DAS-24236-5 T3, T7 pat (syn); cry1F Cotton 3006-210-23 DAS-21Ø23-5 T3, T7 pat (syn); cry1Ac Cotton 31707 — T5, T7 bxn; cry1Ac Cotton 31803 — T5, T7 bxn; cry1Ac Cotton 31807 — T5, T7 bxn; cry1Ac Cotton 31808 — T5, T7 bxn; cry1Ac Cotton 42317 — T5, T7 bxn; cry1Ac Cotton BNLA-601 — T7 cry1Ac Cotton BXN10211 BXN10211-9 T5 bxn; cry1Ac Cotton BXN10215 BXN10215-4 T5 bxn; cry1Ac Cotton BXN10222 BXN10222-2 T5 bxn; cry1Ac Cotton BXN10224 BXN10224-4 T5 bxn; cry1Ac Cotton COT102 SYN-IR102-7 T7 vip3A(a) Cotton COT67B SYN-IR67B-1 T7 cry1Ab Cotton COT202 — T7 vip3A Cotton Event 1 — T7 cry1Ac Cotton GMF Cry1Ac GTL-GMF311-7 T7 cry1Ab-Ac Cotton GHB119 BCS-GH005-8 T7 cry2Ae Cotton GHB614 BCS-GH002-5 Ti 2mepsps Cotton GK12 — T7 cry1Ab-Ac Cotton LLCotton25 ACS-GH001-3 T3 bar Cotton MLS 9124 — T7 cry1C Cotton MON1076 MON-89924-2 T7 cry1Ac Cotton MON1445 MON-01445-2 Ti cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Cotton MON15985 MON-15985-7 T7 cry1Ac; cry2Ab2 Cotton MON1698 MON-89383-1 T7 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Cotton MON531 MON-00531-6 T7 cry1Ac Cotton MON757 MON-00757-7 T7 cry1Ac Cotton MON88913 MON-88913-8 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Cotton Nqwe Chi 6 Bt — T7 — Cotton SKG321 — T7 cry1A; CpTI Cotton T303-3 BCS-GH003-6 T3, T7 cry1Ab; bar Cotton T304-40 BCS-GH004-7 T3, T7 cry1Ab; bar Cotton CE43-67B — T7 cry1Ab Cotton CE46-02A — T7 cry1Ab Cotton CE44-69D — T7 cry1Ab Cotton 1143-14A — T7 cry1Ab Cotton 1143-51B — T7 cry1Ab Cotton T342-142 — T7 cry1Ab Cotton PV-GHGT07 (1445) — T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Cotton EE-GH3 — T1 mepsps Cotton EE-GH5 — T7 cry1Ab Cotton MON88701 MON-88701-3 T3, T12 Modified dmo; bar Cotton OsCr11 — T13 Modified Cry j Flax FP967 CDC-FL001-2 T11 als Lentil RH44 — T16 als Maize 3272 SYN-E3272-5 T17 amy797E Maize 5307 SYN-05307-1 T7 ecry3.1Ab Maize 59122 DAS-59122-7 T3, T7 cry34Ab1; cry35Ab1; pat Maize 676 PH-000676-7 T3, T18 pat; dam Maize 678 PH-000678-9 T3, T18 pat; dam Maize 680 PH-000680-2 T3, T18 pat; dam Maize 98140 DP-098140-6 T1, T11 gat4621; zm-hra Maize Bt10 — T3, T7 cry1Ab; pat Maize Bt176 (176) SYN-EV176-9 T3, T7 cry1Ab; bar Maize BVLA430101 — T4 phyA2 Maize CBH-351 ACS-ZM004-3 T3, T7 cry9C; bar Maize DAS40278-9 DAS40278-9 T19 aad-1 Maize DBT418 DKB-89614-9 T3, T7 cry1Ac; pinII; bar Maize DLL25 (B16) DKB-89790-5 T3 bar Maize GA21 MON-00021-9 T1 mepsps Maize GG25 — T1 mepsps Maize GJ11 — T1 mepsps Maize Fl117 — T1 mepsps Maize GAT-ZM1 — T3 pat Maize LY038 REN-00038-3 T20 cordapA Maize MIR162 SYN-IR162-4 T7 vip3Aa20 Maize MIR604 SYN-IR604-5 T7 mcry3A Maize MON801 MON801 T1, T7 cry1Ab; cp4 epsps (MON80100) (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Maize MON802 MON-80200-7 T1, T7 cry1Ab; cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Maize MON809 PH-MON-809-2 T1, T7 cry1Ab; cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Maize MON810 MON-00810-6 T1, T7 cry1Ab; cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Maize MON832 — T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Maize MON863 MON-00863-5 T7 cry3Bb1 Maize MON87427 MON-87427-7 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Maize MON87460 MON-87460-4 T21 cspB Maize MON88017 MON-88017-3 T1, T7 cry3Bb1; cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Maize MON89034 MON-89034-3 T7 cry2Ab2; cry1A.105 Maize MS3 ACS-ZM001-9 T3, T18 bar; barnase Maize MS6 ACS-ZM005-4 T3, T18 bar; barnase Maize NK603 MON-00603-6 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Maize T14 ACS-ZM002-1 T3 pat (syn) Maize T25 ACS-ZM003-2 T3 pat (syn) Maize TC1507 DAS-01507-1 T3, T7 cry1Fa2; pat Maize TC6275 DAS-06275-8 T3, T7 mocry1F; bar Maize VIP1034 — T3, T7 vip3A; pat Maize 43A47 DP-043A47-3 T3, T7 cry1F; cry34Ab1; cry35Ab1; pat Maize 40416 DP-040416-8 T3, T7 cry1F; cry34Ab1; cry35Ab1; pat Maize 32316 DP-032316-8 T3, T7 cry1F; cry34Ab1; cry35Ab1; pat Maize 4114 DP-004114-3 T3, T7 cry1F; cry34Ab1; cry35Ab1; pat Melon Melon A — T22 sam-k Melon Melon B — T22 sam-k Papaya 55-1 CUH-CP551-8 T6 prsv cp Papaya 63-1 CUH-CP631-7 T6 prsv cp Papaya Huanong No. 1 — T6 prsv rep Papaya X17-2 UFL-X17CP-6 T6 prsv cp Plum C-5 ARS-PLMC5-6 T6 ppv cp Canola** ZSR500 — T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Canola** ZSR502 — T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Canola** ZSR503 — T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Rice 7Crp#242-95-7 — T13 7crp Rice 7Crp#10 — T13 7crp Rice GM Shanyou 63 — T7 cry1Ab; cry1Ac Rice Huahui-1/TT51-1 — T7 cry1Ab; cry1Ac Rice LLRICE06 ACS-OS001-4 T3 bar Rice LLRICE601 BCS-OS003-7 T3 bar Rice LLRICE62 ACS-OS002-5 T3 bar Rice Tarom molaii + cry1Ab — T7 cry1Ab (truncated) Rice GAT-OS2 — T3 bar Rice GAT-OS3 — T3 bar Rice PE-7 — T7 Cry1Ac Rice 7Crp#10 — T13 7crp Rice KPD627-8 — T27 OASA1D Rice KPD722-4 — T27 OASA1D Rice KA317 — T27 OASA1D Rice HW5 — T27 OASA1D Rice HW1 — T27 OASA1D Rice B-4-1-18 — T28 Δ OsBRI1 Rice G-3-3-22 — T29 OSGA2ox1 Rice AD77 — T6 DEF Rice AD51 — T6 DEF Rice AD48 — T6 DEF Rice AD41 — T6 DEF Rice 13pNasNa800725atAprt1 — T30 HvNAS1; HvNAAT-A; APRT Rice 13pAprt1 — T30 APRT Rice gHvNAS1-gHvNAAT-1 — T30 HvNAS1; HvNAAT-A; HvNAAT-B Rice gHvIDS3-1 — T30 HvIDS3 Rice gHvNAAT1 — T30 HvNAAT-A; HvNAAT-B Rice gHvNAS1-1 — T30 HvNAS1 Rice NIA-OS006-4 — T6 WRKY45 Rice NIA-OS005-3 — T6 WRKY45 Rice NIA-OS004-2 — T6 WRKY45 Rice NIA-OS003-1 — T6 WRKY45 Rice NIA-OS002-9 — T6 WRKY45 Rice NIA-OS001-8 — T6 WRKY45 Rice OsCr11 — T13 Modified Cry j Rice 17053 — T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Rice 17314 — T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Rose WKS82/130-4-1 IFD-52401-4 T9 5AT; bp40 (f3’5’h) Rose WKS92 /130-9-1 IFD-52901-9 T9 5AT; bp40 (f3’5’h) Soybean 260-05 (G94-1, — T9 gm-fad2-1 G94-19, G168) (silencing locus) Soybean A2704-12 ACS-GM005-3 T3 pat Soybean A2704-21 ACS-GM004-2 T3 pat Soybean A5547-127 ACS-GM006-4 T3 pat Soybean A5547-35 ACS-GM008-6 T3 pat Soybean CV127 BPS-CV127-9 T16 csr1-2 Soybean DA568416-4 DA568416-4 T3 pat Soybean DP305423 DP-305423-1 T11, T31 gm-fad2-1 (silencing locus); gm-hra Soybean DP356043 DP-356043-5 T1, T31 gm-fad2-1 (silencing locus); gat4601 Soybean FG72 MST-FG072-3 T32, T1 2mepsps; hppdPF W336 Soybean GTS 40-3-2 (40-3-2) MON-04032-6 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Soybean GU262 ACS-GM003-1 T3 pat Soybean MON87701 MON-87701-2 T7 cry1Ac Soybean MON87705 MON-87705-6 T1, T31 fatb1-A (sense & antisense); fad2-1A (sense & antisense); cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Soybean MON87708 MON-87708-9 T1, T12 dmo; cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Soybean MON87769 MON-87769-7 T1, T31 Pj.D6D; Nc.Fad3; cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Soybean MON89788 MON-89788-1 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Soybean W62 ACS-GM002-9 T3 bar Soybean W98 ACS-GM001-8 T3 bar Soybean MON87754 MON-87754-1 T33 dgat2A Soybean DAS21606 DAS-21606 T34, T3 Modified aad-12; pat Soybean DA544406 DAS-44406-6 T1, T3, T34 Modified aad-12; 2mepsps; pat Soybean SYHT04R SYN-0004R-8 T35 Modified avhppd Soybean 9582.814.19.1 — T3, T7 cry1Ac, cry1F, PAT Squash CZW3 SEM-ØZW3-2 T6 cmv cp, zymv cp, wmv cp Squash ZW20 SEM-0ZW20-7 T6 zymv cp, wmv cp Sugar Beet GTSB77 SY-GTSB77-8 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); (T9100152) goxv247 Sugar Beet H7-1 KM-000H71-4 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Sugar Beet T120-7 ACS-BV001-3 T3 pat Sugar Beet T227-1 — T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Sugarcane NXI-1T — T21 EcbetA Sunflower X81359 — T16 als Pepper PK-SP01 — T6 cmv cp Tobacco C/F/93/08-02 — T5 bxn Tobacco Vector 21-41 — T36 NtQPT1 (antisense) Sunflower X81359 — T16 als Wheat MON71800 MON-718ØØ-3 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) *Argentine (Brassica napus), **Polish (B. rapa), # Eggplant

Although most typically, compounds of the invention are used to control undesired vegetation, contact of desired vegetation in the treated locus with compounds of the invention may result in super-additive or synergistic effects with genetic traits in the desired vegetation, including traits incorporated through genetic modification. For example, resistance to phytophagous insect pests or plant diseases, tolerance to biotic/abiotic stresses or storage stability may be greater than expected from the genetic traits in the desired vegetation.

Compounds of this invention can also be mixed with one or more other biologically active compounds or agents including herbicides, herbicide safeners, fungicides, insecticides, nematocides, bactericides, acaricides, growth regulators such as insect molting inhibitors and rooting stimulants, chemosterilants, semiochemicals, repellents, attractants, pheromones, feeding stimulants, plant nutrients, other biologically active compounds or entomopathogenic bacteria, virus or fungi to form a multi-component pesticide giving an even broader spectrum of agricultural protection. Mixtures of the compounds of the invention with other herbicides can broaden the spectrum of activity against additional weed species, and suppress the proliferation of any resistant biotypes. Thus the present invention also pertains to a composition comprising a compound of Formula 1 (in a herbicidally effective amount) and at least one additional biologically active compound or agent (in a biologically effective amount) and can further comprise at least one of a surfactant, a solid diluent or a liquid diluent. The other biologically active compounds or agents can be formulated in compositions comprising at least one of a surfactant, solid or liquid diluent. For mixtures of the present invention, one or more other biologically active compounds or agents can be formulated together with a compound of Formula 1, to form a premix, or one or more other biologically active compounds or agents can be formulated separately from the compound of Formula 1, and the formulations combined together before application (e.g., in a spray tank) or, alternatively, applied in succession.

A mixture of one or more of the following herbicides with a compound of this invention may be particularly useful for weed control: acetochlor, acifluorfen and its sodium salt, aclonifen, acrolein (2-propenal), alachlor, alloxydim, ametryn, amicarbazone, amidosulfuron, aminocyclopyrachlor and its esters (e.g., methyl, ethyl) and salts (e.g., sodium, potassium), aminopyralid, amitrole, ammonium sulfamate, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, azimsulfuron, beflubutamid, benazolin, benazolin-ethyl, bencarbazone, benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bentazone, benzobicyclon, benzofenap, bicyclopyrone, bifenox, bilanafos, bispyribac and its sodium salt, bromacil, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, bromoxynil octanoate, butachlor, butafenacil, butamifos, butralin, butroxydim, butylate, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, catechin, chlomethoxyfen, chloramben, chlorbromuron, chlorflurenol-methyl, chloridazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorotoluron, chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthiamid, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, clacyfos, clefoxydim, clethodim, clodinafop-propargyl, clomazone, clomeprop, clopyralid, clopyralid-olamine, cloransulam-methyl, cumyluron, cyanazine, cycloate, cyclopyrimorate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl, 2,4-D and its butotyl, butyl, isoctyl and isopropyl esters and its dimethylammonium, diolamine and trolamine salts, daimuron, dalapon, dalapon-sodium, dazomet, 2,4-DB and its dimethylammonium, potassium and sodium salts, desmedipham, desmetryn, dicamba and its diglycolammonium, dimethylammonium, potassium and sodium salts, dichlobenil, dichlorprop, diclofop-methyl, diclosulam, difenzoquat metilsulfate, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimethipin, dimethylarsinic acid and its sodium salt, dinitramine, dinoterb, diphenamid, diquat dibromide, dithiopyr, diuron, DNOC, endothal, EPTC, esprocarb, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethiozin, ethofumesate, ethoxyfen, ethoxysulfuron, etobenzanid, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxasulfone, fenquinotrione, fentrazamide, fenuron, fenuron-TCA, flamprop-methyl, flamprop-M-isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl, flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, fluazolate, flucarbazone, flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, flufenacet, flufenpyr, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetsulam, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, flupoxam, flupyrsulfuron-methyl and its sodium salt, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, flurtamone, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, foramsulfuron, fosamine-ammonium, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P, glyphosate and its salts such as ammonium, isopropylammonium, potassium, sodium (including sesquisodium) and trimesium (alternatively named sulfosate), halauxifen, halauxifen-methyl, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxyfop-etotyl, haloxyfop-methyl, hexazinone, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazaquin-ammonium, imazethapyr, imazethapyr-ammonium, imazosulfuron, indanofan, indaziflam, iofensulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl, ioxynil, ioxynil octanoate, ioxynil-sodium, ipfencarbazone, isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, lactofen, lenacil, linuron, maleic hydrazide, MCPA and its salts (e.g., MCPA-dimethylammonium, MCPA-potassium and MCPA-sodium, esters (e.g., MCPA-2-ethylhexyl, MCPA-butotyl) and thioesters (e.g., MCPA-thioethyl), MCPB and its salts (e.g., MCPB-sodium) and esters (e.g., MCPB-ethyl), mecoprop, mecoprop-P, mefenacet, mefluidide, mesosulfuron-methyl, mesotrione, metam-sodium, metamifop, metamitron, metazachlor, metazosulfuron, methabenzthiazuron, methylarsonic acid and its calcium, monoammonium, monosodium and disodium salts, methyldymron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, metosulam, metoxuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron-methyl, molinate, monolinuron, naproanilide, napropamide, napropamide-M, naptalam, neburon, nicosulfuron, norflurazon, orbencarb, orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefone, oxyfluorfen, paraquat dichloride, pebulate, pelargonic acid, pendimethalin, penoxsulam, pentanochlor, pentoxazone, perfluidone, pethoxamid, pethoxyamid, phenmedipham, picloram, picloram-potassium, picolinafen, pinoxaden, piperophos, pretilachlor, primisulfuron-methyl, prodiamine, profoxydim, prometon, prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafop, propazine, propham, propisochlor, propoxycarbazone, propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrasulfotole, pyrazogyl, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, pyridate, pyriftalid, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, quinclorac, quinmerac, quinoclamine, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, rimsulfuron, saflufenacil, sethoxydim, siduron, simazine, simetryn, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, 2,3,6-TBA, TCA, TCA-sodium, tebutam, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, thenylchlor, thiazopyr, thiencarbazone, thifensulfuron-methyl, thiobencarb, tiafenacil, tiocarbazil, topramezone, tralkoxydim, tri-allate, triafamone, triasulfuron, triaziflam, tribenuron-methyl, triclopyr, triclopyr-butotyl, triclopyr-triethylammonium, tridiphane, trietazine, trifloxysulfuron, trifluralin, triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron, vemolate, 3-(2-chloro-3,6-difluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,5-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one, 5-chloro-3-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2(1H)-quinoxalinone, 2-chloro-N-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, 7-(3,5-dichloro-4-pyridinyl)-5-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-8-hydroxypyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-6(5H)-one), 4-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone), 5-[[(2,6-difluorophenyl)methoxy]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)isoxazole (previously methioxolin), 3-[7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-(2-propyn-1-yl)-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-6-thioxo-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-methyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5 (2H,4H)-dione, methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-fluoro-2-pyridinecarboxylate, 2-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)-N-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide and 2-methyl-N-(4-methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-3-(methylsulfinyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide. Other herbicides also include bioherbicides such as Alternaria destruens Simmons, Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc., Drechsiera monoceras (MTB-951), Myrothecium verrucaria (Albertini & Schweinitz) Ditmar: Fries, Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) Butl. and Puccinia thlaspeos Schub.

Compounds of this invention can also be used in combination with plant growth regulators such as aviglycine, N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine, epocholeone, gibberellic acid, gibberellin A₄ and A₇, harpin protein, mepiquat chloride, prohexadione calcium, prohydrojasmon, sodium nitrophenolate and trinexapac-methyl, and plant growth modifying organisms such as Bacillus cereus strain BP01.

General references for agricultural protectants (i.e. herbicides, herbicide safeners, insecticides, fungicides, nematocides, acaricides and biological agents) include The Pesticide Manual, 13th Edition, C. D. S. Tomlin, Ed., British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, Surrey, U. K., 2003 and The BioPesticide Manual, 2nd Edition, L. G. Copping, Ed., British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, Surrey, U. K., 2001.

For embodiments where one or more of these various mixing partners are used, the mixing partners are typically used in the amounts similar to amounts customary when the mixture partners are used alone. More particularly in mixtures, active ingredients are often applied at an application rate between one-half and the full application rate specified on product labels for use of active ingredient alone. These amounts are listed in references such as The Pesticide Manual and The BioPesticide Manual. The weight ratio of these various mixing partners (in total) to the compound of Formula 1 is generally between about 1:3000 and about 3000:1. Of note are weight ratios between about 1:300 and about 300:1 (for example ratios between about 1:30 and about 30:1). One skilled in the art can easily determine through simple experimentation the biologically effective amounts of active ingredients necessary for the desired spectrum of biological activity. It will be evident that including these additional components may expand the spectrum of weeds controlled beyond the spectrum controlled by the compound of Formula 1 alone.

In certain instances, combinations of a compound of this invention with other biologically active (particularly herbicidal) compounds or agents (i.e. active ingredients) can result in a greater-than-additive (i.e. synergistic) effect on weeds and/or a less-than-additive effect (i.e. safening) on crops or other desirable plants. Reducing the quantity of active ingredients released in the environment while ensuring effective pest control is always desirable. Ability to use greater amounts of active ingredients to provide more effective weed control without excessive crop injury is also desirable. When synergism of herbicidal active ingredients occurs on weeds at application rates giving agronomically satisfactory levels of weed control, such combinations can be advantageous for reducing crop production cost and decreasing environmental load. When safening of herbicidal active ingredients occurs on crops, such combinations can be advantageous for increasing crop protection by reducing weed competition.

Of note is a combination of a compound of the invention with at least one other herbicidal active ingredient. Of particular note is such a combination where the other herbicidal active ingredient has different site of action from the compound of the invention. In certain instances, a combination with at least one other herbicidal active ingredient having a similar spectrum of control but a different site of action will be particularly advantageous for resistance management. Thus, a composition of the present invention can further comprise (in a herbicidally effective amount) at least one additional herbicidal active ingredient having a similar spectrum of control but a different site of action.

Compounds of this invention can also be used in combination with herbicide safeners such as allidochlor, benoxacor, cloquintocet-mexyl, cumyluron, cyometrinil, cyprosulfonamide, daimuron, dichlormid, dicyclonon, dietholate, dimepiperate, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen-ethyl, mefenpyr-diethyl, mephenate, methoxyphenone naphthalic anhydride (1,8-naphthalic anhydride), oxabetrinil, N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide, N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide, 1-bromo-4-[(chloromethyl)sulfonyl]benzene (BCS), 4-(dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azospiro[4.5]decane (MON 4660), 2-(dichloromethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane (MG 191), ethyl 1,6-dihydro-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-6-oxo-2-phenyl-5-pyrimidinecarboxylate, 2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, and 3-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl 1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-2-phenyl-5-pyrimidinecarboxylate to increase safety to certain crops. Antidotally effective amounts of the herbicide safeners can be applied at the same time as the compounds of this invention, or applied as seed treatments. Therefore an aspect of the present invention relates to a herbicidal mixture comprising a compound of this invention and an antidotally effective amount of a herbicide safener. Seed treatment is particularly useful for selective weed control, because it physically restricts antidoting to the crop plants. Therefore a particularly useful embodiment of the present invention is a method for selectively controlling the growth of undesired vegetation in a crop comprising contacting the locus of the crop with a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of this invention wherein seed from which the crop is grown is treated with an antidotally effective amount of safener. Antidotally effective amounts of safeners can be easily determined by one skilled in the art through simple experimentation.

Of note is a composition comprising a compound of the invention (in a herbicidally effective amount), at least one additional active ingredient selected from the group consisting of other herbicides and herbicide safeners (in an effective amount), and at least one component selected from the group consisting of surfactants, solid diluents and liquid diluents.

Table A1 lists specific combinations of a Component (a) with Component (b) illustrative of the mixtures, compositions and methods of the present invention. Compound No. (Compound Number) (i.e. Compound 1) in the Component (a) column is identified in Index Table A. The second column of Table A1 lists the specific Component (b) compound (e.g., “2,4-D” in the first line). The third, fourth and fifth columns of Table A1 lists ranges of weight ratios for rates at which the Component (a) compound is typically applied to a field-grown crop relative to Component (b) (i.e. (a):(b)). Thus, for example, the first line of Table A1 specifically discloses the combination of Component (a) (i.e. Compound 1 in Index Table A) with 2,4-D is typically applied in a weight ratio between 1:384-6:1. The remaining lines of Table A1 are to be construed similarly.

TABLE A1 Component More Most (a) Typical Typical Typical (Compound Weight Weight Weight No.) Component (b) Ratio Ratio Ratio 1 2,4-D 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Acetochlor 1:1536-2:1  1:512-1:2 1:48-1:6 1 Acifluorfen  1:192-12:1  1:64-4:1  1:6-2:1 1 Aclonifen 1:1714-2:1  1:571-1:3 1:53-1:6 1 Alachlor 1:1536-2:1  1:512-1:2 1:48-1:6 1 Ametiyn 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Amicarbazone 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Amidosulfuron   1:13-168:1   1:4-56:1   2:1-21:1 1 Aminocyclopyrachlor  1:96-24:1  1:32-8:1  1:3-3:1 1 Aminopyralid  1:41-56:1   1:13-19:1  1:1-7:1 1 Amitrole 1:1536-2:1  1:512-1:2 1:48-1:6 1 Anilofos  1:192-12:1  1:64-4:1  1:6-2:1 1 Asulam 1:1920-2:1 1:640-1:3 1:60-1:7 1 Atrazine 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Azimsulfuron   1:13-168:1   1:4-56:1   2:1-21:1 1 Beflubutamid 1:685-4:1 1:228-2:1 1:21-1:3 1 Benfuresate 1:1234-2:1  1:411-1:2 1:38-1:5 1 Bensulfuron-methyl  1:51-45:1  1:17-15:1  1:1-6:1 1 Bentazone 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Benzobicyclon  1:171-14:1  1:57-5:1  1:5-2:1 1 Benzofenap 1:514-5:1 1:171-2:1 1:16-1:2 1 Bicyclopyrone  1:85-27:1  1:28-9:1  1:2-4:1 1 Bifenox 1:514-5:1 1:171-2:1 1:16-1:2 1 Bispyribac-sodium   1:20-112:1   1:6-38:1   1:1-14:1 1 Bromacil 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Bromobutide 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Bromoxynil  1:192-12:1  1:64-4:1  1:6-2:1 1 Butachlor 1:1536-2:1  1:512-1:2 1:48-1:6 1 Butafenacil  1:85-27:1  1:28-9:1  1:2-4:1 1 Butylate 1:3085-1:2   1:1028-1:5    1:96-1:11 1 Carfenstrole 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Carfentrazone-ethyl 1:257-9:1  1:85-3:1  1:8-2:1 1 Chlorimuron-ethyl   1:17-135:1   1:5-45:1   1:1-17:1 1 Chlorotoluron 1:1536-2:1  1:512-1:2 1:48-1:6 1 Chlorsulfuron   1:13-168:1   1:4-56:1  2:1-21:1 1 Cincosulfuron  1:34-68:1  1:11-23:1  1:1-9:1 1 Cinidon-ethyl 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Cinmethylin  1:68-34:1  1:22-12:1  1:2-5:1 1 Clacyfos 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Clethodim  1:96-24:1  1:32-8:1  1:3-3:1 1 Clodinafop-  1:41-56:1  1:13-19:1  1:1-7:1 propargyl 1 Clomazone 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Clomeprop 1:342-7:1 1:114-3:1 1:10-1:2 1 Clopyralid 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Cloransulam-  1:24-96:1   1:8-32:1   1:1-12:1 methyl 1 Cumyluron 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Cyanazine 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Cyclopyrimorate  1:34-68:1  1:11-23:1  1:1-9:1 1 Cyclosulfamuron  1:34-68:1  1:11-23:1  1:1-9:1 1 Cycloxydim  1:192-12:1  1:64-4:1  1:6-2:1 1 Cyhalofop  1:51-45:1  1:17-15:1  1:1-6:1 1 Daimuron 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Desmedipham 1:644-4:1 1:214-2:1 1:20-1:3 1 Dicamba 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Dichlobenil 1:2742-1:2  1:914-1:4  1:85-1:10 1 Dichlorprop 1:1851-2:1  1:617-1:3 1:57-1:7 1 Diclofop-methyl 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Diclosulam   1:20-112:1   1:6-38:1   1:1-14:1 1 Difenzoquat 1:576-4:1 1:192-2:1 1:18-1:2 1 Diflufenican 1:1714-2:1  1:571-1:3 1:53-1:6 1 Diflufenzopyr  1:24-96:1   1:8-32:1   1:1-12:1 1 Dimethachlor 1:1536-2:1  1:512-1:2 1:48-1:6 1 Dimethametiyn 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Dimethenamid-P 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Dithiopyr 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Diuron 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 EPTC 1:1536-2:1  1:512-1:2 1:48-1:6 1 Esprocarb 1:2742-1:2  1:914-1:4  1:85-1:10 1 Ethalfluralin 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Ethametsulfuron-  1:34-68:1  1:11-23:1  1:1-9:1 methyl 1 Ethoxyfen   1:17-135:1   1:5-45:1   1:1-17:1 1 Ethoxysulfuron  1:41-56:1  1:13-19:1  1:1-7:1 1 Etobenzanid 1:514-5:1 1:171-2:1 1:16-1:2 1 Fenoxaprop-ethyl  1:240-10:1  1:80-4:1  1:7-2:1 1 Fenoxasulfone  1:171-14:1  1:57-5:1  1:5-2:1 1 Fenquinotrione   1:85-27:1  1:28-9:1  1:2-4:1 1 Fentrazamide   1:34-68:1  1:11-23:1  1:1-9:1 1 Flazasulfuron   1:34-68:1  1:11-23:1  1:1-9:1 1 Florasulam   1:5-420:1   1:1-140:1   5:1-53:1 1 Fluazifop-butyl 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Flucarbazone   1:17-135:1   1:5-45:1  1:1-17:1 1 Flucetosulfuron   1:17-135:1   1:5-45:1  1:1-17:1 1 Flufenacet 1:514-5:1 1:171-2:1 1:16-1:2 1 Flumetsulam  1:48-48:1   1:16-16:1  1:1-6:1 1 Flumiclorac-pentyl   1:20-112:1   1:6-38:1   1:1-14:1 1 Flumioxazin  1:51-45:1  1:17-15:1  1:1-6:1 1 Fluometuron 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Flupyrsulfuron-   1:6-336:1   1:2-112:1  4:1-42:1 methyl 1 Fluridone 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Fluroxypyr  1:192-12:1  1:64-4:1  1:6-2:1 1 Flurtamone 1:1714-2:1  1:571-1:3 1:53-1:6 1 Fluthiacet-methyl  1:96-42:1  1:32-14:1  1:1-6:1 1 Fomesafen  1:192-12:1  1:64-4:1  1:6-2:1 1 Foramsulfuron  1:27-84:1   1:9-28:1  1:1-11:1 1 Glufosinate 1:576-4:1 1:192-2:1 1:18-1:2 1 Glyphosate 1:576-4:1 1:192-2:1 1:18-1:2 1 Halosulfuron-methyl  1:34-68:1  1:11-23:1  1:1-9:1 1 Halauxifen  1:41-56:1  1:13-19:1  1:1-7:1 1 Halauxifen methyl  1:41-56:1  1:13-19:1  1:1-7:1 1 Haloxyfop-methyl  1:68-34:1  1:22-12:1  1:2-5:1 1 Hexazinone 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Imazamox  1:27-84:1   1:9-28:1  1:1-11:1 1 Imazapic  1:41-56:1   1:13-19:1  1:1-7:1 1 Imazapyr  1:171-14:1  1:57-5:1  1:5-2:1 1 Imazaquin  1:68-34:1  1:22-12:1  1:2-5:1 1 Imazethabenz- 1:342-7:1 1:114-3:1 1:10-1:2 methyl 1 Imazethapyr  1:48-48:1  1:16-16:1  1:1-6:1 1 Imazosulfuron  1:54-42:1  1:18-14:1  1:1-6:1 1 Indanofan 1:685-4:1 1:228-2:1 1:21-1:3 1 Indaziflam  1:51-45:1  1:17-15:1  1:1-6:1 1 Iodosulfuron-    1:6-336:1    1:2-112:1  4:1-42:1 methyl 1 Ioxynil 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Ipfencarbazone  1:171-14:1  1:57-5:1  1:5-2:1 1 Isoproturon 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Isoxaben 1:576-4:1 1:192-2:1 1:18-1:2 1 Isoxaflutole  1:120-20:1  1:40-7:1  1:3-3:1 1 Lactofen  1:85-27:1  1:28-9:1  1:2-4:1 1 Lenacil 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Linuron 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 MCPA 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 MCPB 1:576-4:1 1:192-2:1 1:18-1:2 1 Mecoprop 1:1536-2:1  1:512-1:2 1:48-1:6 1 Mefenacet 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Mefluidide 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Mesosulfuron-   1:10-224:1   1:3-75:1  3:1-28:1 methyl 1 Mesotrione  1:85-27:1  1:28-9:1  1:2-4:1 1 Metamifop  1:85-27:1  1:28-9:1  1:2-4:1 1 Metazachlor 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Metazosulfuron  1:51-45:1  1:17-15:1  1:1-6:1 1 Methabenzthiazuron 1:1536-2:1  1:512-1:2 1:48-1:6 1 Metolachlor 1:1536-2:1  1:512-1:2 1:48-1:6 1 Metosulam   1:17-135:1   1:5-45:1  1:1-17:1 1 Metribuzin 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Metsulfuron-   1:4-560:1    1:1-187:1  7:1-70:1 methyl 1 Molinate 1:2057-2:1  1:685-1:3 1:64-1:8 1 Napropamide 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Napropamide-M 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Naptalam 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Nicosulfuron  1:24-96:1   1:8-32:1  1:1-12:1 1 Norflurazon 1:2304-1:1  1:768-1:3 1:72-1:8 1 Orbencarb 1:2742-1:2  1:914-1:4  1:85-1:10 1 Orthosulfamuron  1:41-56:1   1:13-19:1  1:1-7:1 1 Ofyzalin 1:1028-3:1  1:342-1:2 1:32-1:4 1 Oxadiargyl 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Oxadiazon 1:1097-3:1  1:365-1:2 1:34-1:4 1 Oxasulfuron  1:54-42:1   1:18-14:1  1:1-6:1 1 Oxaziclomefone  1:85-27:1 1:28-9:1  1:2-4:1 1 Oxyfluorfen 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Paraquat 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Pendimethalin 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Penoxsulam   1:20-112:1   1:6-38:1   1:1-14:1 1 Penthoxamid 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Pentoxazone  1:205-12:1  1:68-4:1  1:6-2:1 1 Phenmedipham  1:205-12:1  1:68-4:1  1:6-2:1 1 Picloram  1:192-12:1  1:64-4:1  1:6-2:1 1 Picolinafen  1:68-34:1   1:22-12:1  1:2-5:1 1 Pinoxaden  1:51-45:1   1:17-15:1  1:1-6:1 1 Pretilachlor 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Primisulfuron-   1:17-135:1    1:5-45:1  1:1-17:1 methyl 1 Prodiamine 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Profoxydim  1:85-27:1  1:28-9:1 1:2-4:1 1 Prometiyn 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Propachlor 1:2304-1:1  1:768-1:3 1:72-1:8 1 Propanil 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Propaquizafop  1:96-24:1  1:32-8:1  1:3-3:1 1 Propoxycarbazone  1:34-68:1  1:11-23:1  1:1-9:1 1 Propyrisulfuron  1:34-68:1  1:11-23:1  1:1-9:1 1 Propyzamide 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Prosulfocarb 1:2400-1:2  1:800-1:4 1:75-1:9 1 Prosulfuron   1:13-168:1   1:4-56:1  2:1-21:1 1 Pyraclonil  1:85-27:1  1:28-9:1  1:2-4:1 1 Pyraflufen-ethyl   1:10-224:1   1:3-75:1   3:1-28:1 1 Pyrasulfotole  1:27-84:1   1:9-28:1   1:1-11:1 1 Pyrazolynate 1:1714-2:1  1:571-1:3 1:53-1:6 1 Pyrazosulfuron-   1:20-112:1   1:6-38:1  1:1-14:1 ethyl 1 Pyrazoxyfen   1:10-224:1   1:3-75:1  3:1-28:1 1 Pyribenzoxim   1:20-112:1   1:6-38:1  1:1-14:1 1 Pyributicarb 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Pyridate 1:576-4:1 1:192-2:1 1:18-1:2 1 Pyriftalid   1:20-112:1   1:6-38:1  1:1-14:1 1 Pyriminobac-  1:41-56:1  1:13-19:1  1:1-7:1 methyl 1 Pyrimisulfan  1:34-68:1  1:11-23:1  1:1-9:1 1 Pyrithiobac  1:48-48:1  1:16-16:1  1:1-6:1 1 Pyroxasulfone  1:171-14:1  1:57-5:1  1:5-2:1 1 Pyroxsulam   1:10-224:1   1:3-75:1  3:1-28:1 1 Quinclorac 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Quizalofop-ethyl  1:85-27:1  1:28-9:1  1:2-4:1 1 Rimsulfuron  1:27-84:1   1:9-28:1  1:1-11:1 1 Saflufenacil  1:51-45:1  1:17-15:1  1:1-6:1 1 Sethoxydim  1:192-12:1  1:64-4:1  1:6-2:1 1 Simazine 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Sulcotrione  1:240-10:1  1:80-4:1  1:7-2:1 1 Sulfentrazone 1:294-8:1  1:98-3:1  1:9-1:2 1 Sulfometuron-  1:68-34:1   1:22-12:1  1:2-5:1 methyl 1 Sulfosulfuron   1:17-135:1   1:5-45:1  1:1-17:1 1 Tebuthiuron 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Tefufyltrione  1:85-27:1  1:28-9:1  1:2-4:1 1 Tembotrione  1:63-37:1  1:21-13:1  1:1-5:1 1 Tepraloxydim  1:51-45:1  1:17-15:1  1:1-6:1 1 Terbacil 1:576-4:1 1:192-2:1 1:18-1:2 1 Terbuthylazine 1:1714-2:1  1:571-1:3 1:53-1:6 1 Terbutiyn 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Thenylchlor  1:171-14:1  1:57-5:1  1:5-2:1 1 Thiazopyr 1:768-3:1 1:256-1:1 1:24-1:3 1 Thiencarbazone   1:6-336:1    1:2-112:1  4:1-42:1 1 Thifensulfuron-   1:10-224:1   1:3-75:1  3:1-28:1 methyl 1 Tiafenacil  1:85-27:1  1:28-9:1  1:2-4:1 1 Thiobencath 1:1536-2:1  1:512-1:2 1:48-1:6 1 Topramezone   1:13-168:1   1:4-56:1  2:1-21:1 1 Tralkoxydim  1:137-17:1  1:45-6:1  1:4-3:1 1 Triallate 1:1536-2:1 1:512-1:2 1:48-1:6 1 Triasulfuron   1:10-224:1   1:3-75:1  3:1-28:1 1 Triaziflam 1:342-7:1 1:114-3:1 1:10-1:2 1 Tribenuron-methyl    1:6-336:1    1:2-112:1  4:1-42:1 1 Triclopyr 1:384-6:1 1:128-2:1 1:12-1:2 1 Trifloxysulfuron    1:5-420:1   1:1-140:1  5:1-53:1 1 Trifluralin 1:576-4:1 1:192-2:1 1:18-1:2 1 Triflusulfuron-  1:34-68:1  1:11-23:1  1:1-9:1 methyl 1 Tritosulfuron  1:27-84:1   1:9-28:1  1:1-11:1

Table A2 is constructed the same as Table A1 above except that entries below the “Component (a)” column heading are replaced with the respective Component (a) Column Entry shown below. Compound No. in the Component (a) column is identified in Index Table A. Thus, for example, in Table A2 the entries below the “Component (a)” column heading all recite “Compound 2” (i.e. Compound 2 identified in Index Table A), and the first line below the column headings in Table A2 specifically discloses a mixture of Compound 2 with 2,4-D. Tables A3 through A60 are constructed similarly.

Table Component (a) Number Column Entries  A2 Compound 2  A3 Compound 3  A4 Compound 4  A5 Compound 5  A6 Compound 6  A7 Compound 7  A8 Compound 8  A9 Compound 9  A10 Compound 10  A11 Compound 11  A12 Compound 12  A13 Compound 13  A14 Compound 14  A15 Compound 15  A16 Compound 16  A17 Compound 17  A18 Compound 18  A19 Compound 19  A20 Compound 20  A21 Compound 21  A22 Compound 22  A23 Compound 23  A24 Compound 24  A25 Compound 25  A26 Compound 26  A27 Compound 27  A28 Compound 28  A29 Compound 29  A30 Compound 30  A31 Compound 31  A32 Compound 32  A33 Compound 33  A34 Compound 34  A35 Compound 35  A36 Compound 36  A37 Compound 37  A38 Compound 38  A39 Compound 39  A40 Compound 40  A41 Compound 41  A42 Compound 42  A43 Compound 43  A44 Compound 44  A45 Compound 45  A46 Compound 46  A47 Compound 47  A48 Compound 48  A49 Compound 49  A50 Compound 50  A51 Compound 51  A52 Compound 52  A53 Compound 53  A54 Compound 54  A55 Compound 55  A56 Compound 56  A57 Compound 57  A58 Compound 58  A59 Compound 59  A60 Compound 60  A61 Compound 61  A62 Compound 62  A63 Compound 63  A64 Compound 64  A65 Compound 65  A66 Compound 66  A67 Compound 67  A68 Compound 68  A69 Compound 69  A70 Compound 70  A71 Compound 71  A72 Compound 72  A73 Compound 73  A74 Compound 74  A75 Compound 75  A76 Compound 76  A77 Compound 77  A78 Compound 78  A79 Compound 79  A80 Compound 80  A81 Compound 81  A82 Compound 82  A83 Compound 83  A84 Compound 84  A85 Compound 85  A86 Compound 86  A87 Compound 87  A88 Compound 88  A89 Compound 89  A90 Compound 90  A91 Compound 91  A92 Compound 92  A93 Compound 93  A94 Compound 94  A95 Compound 95  A96 Compound 96  A97 Compound 97  A98 Compound 98  A99 Compound 99 A100 Compound 100 A101 Compound 101 A102 Compound 102 A103 Compound 103 A104 Compound 104 A105 Compound 105 A106 Compound 106 A107 Compound 107 A108 Compound 108 A109 Compound 109 A110 Compound 110 A111 Compound 111 A112 Compound 112 A113 Compound 113 A114 Compound 114 A115 Compound 115 A116 Compound 116 A117 Compound 117 A118 Compound 118 A119 Compound 119 A120 Compound 120 A121 Compound 121 A122 Compound 122 A123 Compound 123 A124 Compound 124 A125 Compound 125 A126 Compound 126 A127 Compound 127 A128 Compound 128 A129 Compound 129 A130 Compound 130 A131 Compound 131 A132 Compound 132 A133 Compound 133 A134 Compound 134 A135 Compound 135 A136 Compound 136 A137 Compound 137 A138 Compound 138 A139 Compound 139 A140 Compound 140 A141 Compound 141 A142 Compound 142 A143 Compound 143 A144 Compound 144 A145 Compound 145 A146 Compound 146 A147 Compound 147 A148 Compound 148 A149 Compound 149 A150 Compound 150 A151 Compound 151 A152 Compound 152 A153 Compound 153 A154 Compound 154 A155 Compound 155 A156 Compound 156 A157 Compound 157 A158 Compound 158 A159 Compound 159 A160 Compound 160 A161 Compound 161 A162 Compound 162 A163 Compound 163 A164 Compound 164 A165 Compound 165 A166 Compound 166 A167 Compound 167 A168 Compound 168 A169 Compound 169 A170 Compound 170 A171 Compound 171 A172 Compound 172 A173 Compound 173 A174 Compound 174 A175 Compound 175 A176 Compound 176 A177 Compound 177 A178 Compound 178 A179 Compound 179 A180 Compound 180 A181 Compound 181 A182 Compound 182 A183 Compound 183 A184 Compound 184 A185 Compound 185 A186 Compound 186 A187 Compound 187 A188 Compound 188

The following Tests demonstrate the control efficacy of the compounds of this invention against specific weeds. The weed control afforded by the compounds is not limited, however, to these species. See Index Table A for compound descriptions. The following abbreviations are used in the Index Table which follows: t is tertiary, Me is methyl, morph is morpholinyl, Bn is benzyl and Bu is butyl. The abbreviation “Cmpd. No.” stands for “Compound Number”. The abbreviation “Ex.” stands for “Example” and is followed by a number indicating in which example the compound is prepared. Mass spectra are reported with an estimated precision within ±0.5 Da as the molecular weight of the highest isotopic abundance parent ion (M+1) formed by addition of H⁺ (molecular weight of 1) to the molecule observed by using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (AP+).

INDEX TABLE A

Cmpd. m.p. No. R¹ R² X (R³)_(n) R⁴ G (° C.) M + 1 NMR 1 (Ex. 1) Me Me S 5-Me Me H 301.5 ** 2 Me Me S 5,7-di-Me Me H * 3 Me Me S 4,6-di-Me Me H 224- 315.5 * 227 4 Me Me O — Me H 238- 271.5 * 240 5 Me Me O 5-OMe Me H 301.5 * 6 Me Me O 5-Cl Me H * 7 Me Me O 5-Me Me H ** (Ex. 2) 8 Me Me O 4-Me Me H * 9 Me Me O 7-Me Me H 285.5 * 10 Me Me O 5-Me Et H 299.5 * 11 Me Me —CH═CH— — H H 267 * 12 Me Me O 5,7-di-Me Me H ** (Ex. 3) 13 Me Me O 5-Et Me H * 14 Me Me O 5-Me Me —C(═O)Me * 15 Me Me O 7-Me Me —C(═O)Me * 16 Me Me O 5,7-di-Me Me —C(═O)Me 341.0 * 17 Me Me O 5-Me Me —C(═O)-t-Bu 369.0 * 18 Me Me O 5,7-di-Me Me —C(═O)-t-Bu 383.0 * 19 Me Me S 4,6-di-Me Et H * 20 Me Br —CH═CH— — H H 332 21 Me Me —CH═C(Me)— — Me H * 22 Me Me S 5-Br Me H 367 23 Me Br —CH═CH— — Me H 343 24 Me H —CH═CF— — H H * 25 Me Me S 5-Me Me —C(═O)Me * 26 Me Me S 5-Me Me —C(═O)-t-Bu 385.4 27 Me Me S 5,7-di-Me Me —C(═O)Me 140- 145 28 Me Me S 5,7-di-Me Me —C(═O)Et 134- 137 29 Me I —CH═CH— — Me H 393 30 Me OMe —CH═CH— 5-Me Me H 311 31 Me Me N(Me) 5-Me Me H 94-98 32 Me Me —CH═CH— — Et H 226- 229 33 Me OMe S — Me H 303 34 Me Me —C(Me)═CH— — Me H 295 35 Me Me S 5-Cl, 7-Me Me H 335 36 Me OMe —CH═CH— — Me —C(═O)O-i-Pr * 37 Me Me —CH═CH— — Et —C(═)OEt 367.6 38 Me Me —CH═CH— — Et —C(═O)-c-Pr 363.6 39 Me Me —CH═CH— — Et —C(═O)O-i-Pr 112- 116 40 Me Me —CH═CH— — OMe H 297 41 Me Me —CH═CF— — H H * 42 Me Me S 5-Me Me —C(═O)Et 125- 130 43 Me Me S 5,7-di-Me Me —C(═O)-t-Bu 399.4 44 Me Me S 4,6-di-Me Me —C(═O)Me 357 45 Me Me S 4,6-di-Me Me —C(═O)-t-Bu 399 46 Me OMe —C(Me)═CH— — Me H 311 (Ex. 4) 47 Me Me S 5-Me Et H 203- 205 48 Me H S — Me H 273 49 Me H —CH═CH— — H H 251.5^(#) 50 Me H —CH═C(Me)— — H H 267 51 Me H —CH═C(Me)— — Me H * 52 Me Br —CH═C(Me)— — H H 347.4 53 Me Me S 5-OMe Me H 187- 189 54 Me OMe —CH═CH— — Me H 297 55 Me OMe —CH═CH— — H H 283 56 Me H —CH═CH— — Me H 249- 251 57 Me Me S 5,7-di-Me Et H 200- 202 58 Me Me —CH═C(OMe)— — H H 297 59 Me Me —CH═CH— — Me H 269- 273 60 Me Me —CH═CH— 5-Me Me H 230- 233 61 Me Ph O 5-Me Me H 259- 263 62 Me Me —CH═C(Cl)— — H —C(═O)Et * 63 Me Me —CH═C(Cl)— — H —C(═O)OMe 359 64 Et Et O 5-Me Me H 215- 219 65 Me Me S — Me H 225- 228 66 Me Me S 5-Me Me —C(═O)O-i-Pr 128- 129 67 Me Me S 5,7-di-Me Me —C(═O)O-i-Pr 123- 125 68 Me Me O 5-OEt Et H 170- 174 69 Me Me —CH═CH— 5-Me H H 282 70 Me Me —CH═CH— 5-I H H 393 71 Me Me —CH═CH— 5-c-Pr H H 307 72 Me Me —CH═CH— — Me —C(═O)O-i-Pr 230- 235 73 Me Me —CH═CH— — Me —C(═O)OEt 146- 150 74 Me Me N(Me) 5-Cl Me H 314- 318 75 Me Me —CH═C(Br)— — H H 285- 289 76 Me Me —CH═CH— — Me —C(═O)-c-Pr 349 77 Me Et O 5-Cl Me H 242- 248 78 Me Me —CH═CH— — Me —C(═O)Et * 79 Me Me S 5-Me Br H 367.2 80 Me Me S 5-Me Me —C(═O)OMe 359.5 81 Me Me S 5,7-di-Me Me —C(═O)OMe 373.5 82 Me Me S 5-Me Me —C(═O)OEt 373.5 83 Me Me S 5,7-di-Me Me —C(═O)OEt 387.5 84 Me Me S 5-Me Me —C(═O)CH₂CH₂Cl 407.4 85 Me Me S 5,7-di-Me Me —C(═O)OCH₂CH₂Cl 421.4 86 Me OMe —CH═CH— — CF₂H H 331# 87 Me Me S 5-Me Me —C(═O)OCH₂C≡CH 383.3 88 Me Me S 5,7-di-Me Me —C(═O)CH₂C≡CH 397.3 89 Me Cl S — Me H 307 90 Me Me —CH═CF— — H —C(═O)Me * 91 (Ex. 5) Me Cl S 5-Cl Me H ** 92 Me Me —CH═CH— 5-OEt H H 309 93 Me Me —CH═CH— 5-OCF₂H H H 333 94 Me Cl S — Me —C(═O)O-i-Pr * 95 Me Me NMe — Cl H 237- 239 96 Me Me —CH═CH— 5-OEt H H 297 97 Me H S — Me —C(═O)OMe 331 98 Me CN —CH═CH— — Me —C(═O)Me * 99 Me Me —CH═CMe— — Me —C(═O)Me * 100 Me OMe S 5-Cl Me H 337 101 Me Cl S 5-Cl Me —C(═O)OMe * 102 Me CF₃ —CH═CH— — Me H 335 103 Me Me —CH═CH— 5-Me Et H 186- 189 104 Me Me S 5-Cl Me H 254- 257 105 Me Me S 5-Me Me —C(═O)-n-Pr 115- 117 106 Me Me S 5,7-di-Me Me —C(═O)-n-Pr 113- 115 107 Me Me S 5-Me Et —C(═O)-n-Pr 80-82 108 Me Me S 5-Cl Me —C(═O)Me 203- 206 109 Me Me S 5-Cl Me —C(═O)Et 125- 127 110 Me Me —CH═CH— 6-Me Me H 295 111 Me Cl S 5-Cl Me —C(═O)Et * 112 Me OMe S 5-Cl Me —C(═O)OMe 395 113 Me Me —CH═CF— — H —C(═O)Et— * 114 Me Cl S 5-Cl Me —SO₂Me * 115 Me Me —CF═CH— — H —SO₂Me 363 116 Me Cl S 5-Cl Me —C(═O)Me * 117 Me Et O — Me H 210- 215 118 Me Et O 5-Me Me H 334- 338 119 Me i-Pr O 5-Me Me H 245- 250 120 Me H S — Me —C(═O)Me * 121 Me Me S 5-CF₃ Me H 355 122 Me OMe S 5-Cl Me —C(═O)Me * 123 Me Me —CH═CF— — H —C(═O)CH₂CF₃ * 124 Me Me —CH═CH— 5- H —C(═O)Me * OC(═O)Me 125 Me Cl —CH═CH— — Me H 301 126 Me Me —CH═CH— 5-Br H H 347 127 Me Me —CH═CH— 5-CN H H 292 128 Me CN —CH═CH— — Me —C(═O)-t-Bu * 129 Me Br —CH═CH— — Me —C(═O)Me * 130 Me Me —CH═CF— — H —C(═O)OMe * 131 Me OMe S 5-Cl Me —C(═O)Et * 132 Me Me S 5-CF₃ Me —C(═O)Me * 133 Me Me —CH═CBr— — H —C(═O)Et 117- 120 134 Me Me —CH═CBr— — H —C(═O)Et 120- 124 135 Me OMe S 5-Cl Me —SO₂Me 415 136 Me OMe —CH═CH— — Me —(C═O)OMe 355 137 Me Br —CH═CH— — Me —C(═O)OMe * 138 Me OMe —CH═CH— — Me —C(═O)Me * 139 Me Me —CH═CCl— — H H 301 140 Me Cl S 5-CF₃ Me H 375 141 Me OMe S — Me —C(═O)Me * 142 Me H —CH═CH— — Me —SO₂Me 345 143 Me H —CH═CH— — Me —C(═O)OMe 325 144 Me Me —CH═CH— 5-Cl Me H 280- 284 145 Me Me —CH═CBr— — H —C(═O)OMe 403 146 Me Me —CH═CH— — CF₃ —C(═O)OEt 115- 118 147 Me Me —CH═CH— — CF₃ —C(═O)Et 132- 135 148 Me Me —CH═CH— — CF₃ —C(═O)Me 181- 184 149 Me Me —CH═CH— — CF₃ —C(═O)OMe 130- 133 150 Me Me —CH═CH— 5-C≡CH H H 291 151 Me Me —CH═CH— 5-F,7-Me Me H 319.1 152 Me Cl S 5-CF₃ Me —C(═)Me * 153 Me Me —CH═CMe— — Me —C(═O)Me * 154 Me Me —CH═CMe— — Me —SO₂Me 373 155 Me Br —CH═CH— — Me —SO₂Me * 156 Me Br —CH═CH— — Me —C(═O)Et * 157 Me Me —CH═CCl— — H —C(═O)Me 343 158 Me Me —CH═CCl— — H —SO₂CF₃ ? 433 159 Me Me —CH═CCl— — H —C(═O)CF₃ * 160 Me Me S 5-Me Me —CH₂CN 340 161 Me Me —CH═CH— 5-NO₂ Me H 312 162 Me Me —CH═CH— — NO₂ —C(═O)OMe 162- 166 163 Me Me —CH═CH— — NO₂ —C(═O)-t-Bu 239- 243 164 Me Me —CH═CH— — NO₂ —C(═O)Me 189- 193 165 Me Me —CH═CH— — NO₂ H 264- 268 166 Me Me —CH═CH— — NO₂ —C(═O)OEt 147- 150 167 Me Me —CH═CH— — NO₂ —C(═O)-c-Pr 165- 170 168 Bn Me —CH═CH— — H H 343 169 H Me —CH═CH— — H H 253 170 Me Me S — Me —C(═O)-N-morph 168- 171 171 Me Me —CH═CH— — H —C(═O)CH₂SMe * 172 CH₂CO₂Me Me —CH═CH— — H H 325 173 H Me —CH═CH— — H —CH₂CF₂H 317 174 Me Me S 5,7-di-Me Me —C(═O)-N-morph 428 175 H Me —CH═CH— — H —CF₂H 303 176 Me Br —CH═CH— — Me —C(═O)-N-morph * 177 Me NO₂ —CH═CH— — Me H 312 178 Me Me —CH═CH— — H —CH₂C(═O)Me 323 179 Me Me —CH═CH— — H —CH₂C≡CH 305 180 Me Me —CH═CH— — H —CH₂CH═CHPh 383 181 Me Me —CH═CH— — H —CH₂C(═O)-c-Pr 349 182 Me Me —CH═CH— — H —CH₂C(═O)OMe 339 183 Me Me —CH═CH— — H —C(═O)CH═CHPh 397 184 Me Me —CH═CH— — H —CH₂C(═O)Ph 385 185 Me Me —CH═CCl— — H —SO₂N(Me)₂ 408 186 Me Me —CH═CCl— — H —P(═O)(OMe)₂ 410 187 Me Me —CH═CCl— — H —P(═O)(Me)2 377 188 Me Me S 5,7-di-Me Me —CH₂CN 354 *See Index Table B for ¹H NMR data. **See Synthesis Example for ¹H NMR data. ^(#)M-1 peak.

INDEX TABLE B Cmpd. No. ¹H NMR Data (CDCl₃ solution unless indicated otherwise)^(a) 2 δ 6.93 (s, 1H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 6.41 (br s, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.25-2.29 (m, 6H) 3 δ 7.40 (s, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.10 (br s, 1H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.13 (s, 3H). 4 (DMSO-d₆) δ 10.33 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 7.14-7.27 (m, 3H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H). 5 δ 7.34 (d, 1H), 6.84-6.87 (m, 1H), 6.65-6.66 (d, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.35 (s, 3H). 6 δ 7.35-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.24 (m, 2H), 6.08 (br s, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H). 8 δ 7.28-7.30 (d, 1H), 7.13-7.16 (m, 1H), 6.93-6.96 (m, 1H), 5.65-5.80 (br s, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H). 9 (DMSO-d₆) δ 10.26 (s, 1H), 6.99-7.07 (m, 3H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H). 10 (DMSO-d₆) δ 10.28-10.30 (br s, 1H), 7.39-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.03-7.07 (m, 1H), 6.96-6.98 (m, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 2.55-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.18-1.23 (m, 3H). 11 (DMSO-d₆) δ 10.11 (br s, 1H), 8.10-7.93 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.40 (m, 4H), 7.35-7.31 (m, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H). 13 δ 7.35 (d, 1H), 7.08-7.13 (m, 1H), 7.00-7.05 (m, 1H), 5.99-6.03 (m, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 2.70 (m, 2H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.17-1.29 (m, 3H). 14 δ 7.27-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.06-7.07 (m, 1H), 7.01 (m, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 2.38-2.40 (m, 6H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.89 (s, 3H). 15 δ 7.07-7.11 (m, 2H), 7.00-7.02 (m, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.89 (s, 3H). 16 δ 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.91 (s, 3H). 17 δ 7.26 (d, 1H), 7.02 (d, 1H), 7.00 (d, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 2.37 (d, 6H), 2.26 (s, 3H) 0.93 (br s, 9H). 18 δ 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 0.94 (br s, 9H). 19 δ 7.45 (s, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 5.62 (s, 1H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 2.55-2.71 (m, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s,3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 1.20-1.29 (m, 3H). 21 δ 8.03 (m, 1H), 7.61-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 5.23 (br s, 1H), 3.79 (s, 1H), 2.71 (s, 1H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H). 24 δ 8.17 (m, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.62-7.52 (m, 3H), 7.38 (m, 1H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 5.69 (br s, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H). 25 δ 8.17 (m, 1H), 7.62-7.52 (m, 3H), 7.37 (m, 1H), 7.26 (m, 1H) 5.49 (s, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H). 36 δ 7.82-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.35 (m, 4H), 4.72-4.64 (m, 1H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 1.10 (m, 3H), 1.03 (m, 3H). 41 δ 8.18 (m, 1H), 7.62-7.54 (m, 3H), 7.36 (m, 1H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 5.48 (s, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H). 51 δ 8.04 (m, 2H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.53-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 5.60 (br s, 1H) 3.83 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H). 62 δ 8.28-8.35 (m, 1H), 7.57-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.29 (m, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.96-2.19 (m, 2H), 0.62-0.85 (m, 3H). 78 (500 MHz) δ 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.44-7.33 (m, 4H), 3.91-3.88 (m, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 0.76 (s, 1H), 0.64 (m, 3H). 90 (500 MHz) δ 8.15-8.14 (m, 1H), 7.65-7.51 (m, 4H), 7.29-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.16 (m, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 1.84 (s, 3H). 95 (500 MHz) δ 7.75-7.72 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.26 (m, 3H), 4.66-4.63 (m, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 1.07-1.00 (m, 6H). 99 δ 7.81-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.38-7.45 (m, 3H), 7.30-7.34 (m, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.85 (s, 3H). 100 (500 MHz) δ 7.78-7.76 (m, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.42-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.22 (m, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H). 102 (500 MHz) δ 7.67-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.27-7.24 (m, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H). 112 (500 MHz) δ 7.67-7.65 (m, 1H), 7.46-7.27 (m, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.35-2.13 (m, 2H), 0.86-0.83 (m, 3H). 114 (500 MHz) δ 8.15-8.13 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.33-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.16 (m, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.13-2.02 (m, 2H), 0.78-0.75 (m, 3H). 115 (500 MHz) δ 7.69-7.68 (m, 1H), 7.31-7.27 (m, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 2.48 (s, 3H). 117 (500 MHz) δ 7.67-7.65 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.24 (m, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 1.96 (s, 3H). 121 (500 MHz) δ 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.79-7.69 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.26 (m, 3H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 1.90 (s, 3H). 123 (500 MHz) δ 7.65-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.22 (m, 1H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 1.98 (s, 3H). 124 (500 MHz) δ 8.16-8.15 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.45 (m, 3H), 7.29-7.26 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.17 (m, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.00-2.82 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H). 125 δ 7.84-7.94 (m, 2H), 7.46-7.55 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.40 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.21 (m, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.82 (s, 3H). 129 δ 7.78-7.85 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.45 (m, 3H), 7.29-7.35 (m, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 0.72 (s, 9H). 130 δ 7.82, (m, 2H), 7.29 (m, 4H), 3.88 (s, 1H), 2.30 (s, 3H) 1.80 (s, 3H). 131 (500 MHz) δ 8.24-8.13 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.52 (m, 3H), 7.34-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.18 (m, 1H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H). 132 (500 MHz) δ 7.65-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.19 (m, 1H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.29-2.19 (m, 2H), 0.89-0.86 (m, 3H). 133 (500 MHz) δ 7.89-7.83 (m, 1H), 7.54-7.48 (m, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.81 (s, 3H). 138 (500 MHz) δ 7.84-7.82 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.35 (m, 4H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H). 139 (500 MHz) δ 7.81-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.36 (m, 4H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 1.85 (s, 3H). 142 (500 MHz) δ 7.75-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.23 (m, 3H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 1.94 (s, 3H). 153 (500 MHz) δ 7.93-7.83 (m, 1H), 7.53-7.52 (m, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 1.93 (s, 3H). 154 (500 MHz) δ 7.97-7.95 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.34 (m, 3H), 7.29-7.26 (m, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.71 (s, 3H). 156 (500 MHz) δ 7.89-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.48-7.38 (m, 4H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H). 157 (500 MHz) δ 7.86-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.35 (m, 4H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.09-2.03 (m, 2H), 0.65-0.62 (m, 3H). 160 δ 8.31-8.37 (m, 1H), 7.59-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.56 (m, 1H), 7.42-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.25 (m, 1H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H). 175 (500 MHz) δ 8.17-8.10 (m, 1H), 7.59-7.45 (m, 3H), 7.31-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.14 (m, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 2.95-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.67 (s, 3H). 180 (500 MHz) δ 7.89-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.33 (m, 4H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.26-2.86 (m, 6H), 2.33 (s, 3H). ^(a1)H NMR data are in ppm downfield from tetramethylsilane. Couplings are designated by (s)-singlet, (d)-doublet, (t)-triplet, (m)-multiplet, (br s)-broad singlet.

Biological Examples of the Invention

Test A

Seeds of plant species selected from barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), kochia (Kochia scoparia), ragweed (common ragweed, Ambrosia elatior), ryegrass, Italian (Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum), crabgrass, large (large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis), foxtail, giant (giant foxtail, Setaria faberii), momingglory (Ipomoea spp.), pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and corn (Zea mays) were planted into a blend of loam soil and sand and treated preemergence with a directed soil spray using test chemicals formulated in a non-phytotoxic solvent mixture which included a surfactant.

At the same time, plants selected from these crop and weed species and also blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), and galium (catchweed bedstraw, Galium aparine) were planted in pots containing the same blend of loam soil and sand and treated with postemergence applications of test chemicals formulated in the same manner. Plants ranged in height from 2 to 10 cm and were in the one- to two-leaf stage for the postemergence treatment. Treated plants and untreated controls were maintained in a greenhouse for approximately 10 d, after which time all treated plants were compared to untreated controls and visually evaluated for injury. Plant response ratings, summarized in Table A, are based on a 0 to 100 scale where 0 is no effect and 100 is complete control. A dash (-) response means no test result.

TABLE A Compounds 1000 g ai/ha 1 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 13 32 60 178 179 180 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 90 50 70 40 70 90 90 80 80 90 90  0 10  0 Blackgrass — — — — — — — — 30 90 90 30 40 30 Corn 40  0  0  0  0 10 20 50 20 50 50  0 10  0 Crabgrass, Large 90 10 50 80 50 50 70 70 — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 80 10 80 80 70 90 80 90 80 90 90  0 10  0 Galium — — — — — — — — 70 100  100  70 90 80 Kochia — — — — — — — — 30 100  100  10 10 40 Morningglory 100  90 70 70 40 100  100  90 — — — — — — Pigweed 100   0 50 10 50 100  90 90 20 100  100  70  0 50 Ragweed — — — — — — — — 30 100  100  60 40  0 Ryegrass, Italian — — — — — — — — 70 100  100  70 70 70 Velvetleaf 100  70 60 — — 100  100  100  — — — — — — Wheat  0  0  0  0 20 20  0 60 20 100  70  0  0  0 Compounds 1000 g ai/ha 181 182 183 184 Postemergence Barnyardgrass  0  0 40 20 Blackgrass 20 10 80 30 Corn  0  0 10  0 Crabgrass, Large — — — — Foxtail, Giant  0  0 70 20 Galium 80 50 90 90 Kochia  0  0 90 80 Morningglory — — — — Pigweed 30  0 90 80 Ragweed 30 30 70 30 Ryegrass, Italian 80  0 100  80 Velvetleaf — — — — Wheat  0  0  0  0 Compounds 500 g ai/ha 2 8 9 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 80  0 90 40 70 90 90  0 40 80 100  90 50 90 Blackgrass — — — 50 30 50 30 40 20  0 40 90 70 80 Corn 20  0  0  0 20 20  0  0 20  0 30 60  0 50 Crabgrass, Large 70 30 50 — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 90 30 90 70 70 90 80  0 20 60 100  100  90 90 Galium — — — 90 90 90 100  60 60 80 100  100  100  100  Kochia — — — 60 90 50 60  0  0  0 100  100  100  100  Morningglory 100  10 80 — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 100  80  0 50 80  0 40  0  0  0 100  100  100  100  Ragweed — — — 70 90 50 70  0  0  0 100  100  100  100  Ryegrass, Italian — — — 70 80 90 80 60 50  0 100  100  100  100  Velvetleaf 100  60 10 — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat 20  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 30 60  0 80 Compounds 500 g ai/ha 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 36 37 38 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 50 90 30 90 90 80 30 10 90 90 90 80 90 40 Blackgrass 50 90 70 90 90 80 60 20 40 90 80 80 100  60 Corn  0 20  0 20 20 40  0  0 10  0 30 40 40 10 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 60 90 60 90 90 90 60 10 90 90 90 90 90 50 Galium 100  100  90 100  100  90 90 70 100  100  100  100  100  100  Kochia 80 100  90 90 90 90 80  0 100  80 100  100  90 80 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 90 100  90 100  90 100  90 40 70 90 90 90 100  50 Ragweed 60 100  90 100  100  100  70 20 90 100  80 90 90 70 Ryegrass, Italian 90 100  90 100  100  100  60  0 70 100  100  80 100  50 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat 70  0  0  0  0 60 10  0  0 40 40 30 80 20 Compounds 500 g ai/ha 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 10 60 90 90 30  0  0 80 80 50 20  0 80 50 Blackgrass 70 80 90 90 80  0  0 70 70 30 30 10 60 30 Corn  0 10 70 20  0  0  0  0 10  0  0  0  0 20 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 60 80 100  100  70  0  0 80 80 60 20  0 80 50 Galium 100  100  100  100  90 70  0 90 100  90 80 80 100  100  Kochia 30 90 100  100  10  0  0 40 90 80 10 20 90 100  Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 80 100  90 100  10  0  0 90 100  70 40 50 90 30 Ragweed 90 90 100  100   0  0  0 90 100  20 10 20 70 100  Ryegrass, Italian 60 90 100  100  60  0  0 80 80 60 50 40 90 80 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat 10 50 80 20  0  0  0 20  0  0  0  0  0  0 Compounds 500 g ai/ha 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 20 90 90 60 100   0 90  0 90 90  0 90 90 70 Blackgrass 30 40 80 50 60 50 100   0 80 80  0 70 80 80 Corn  0 30 20 10 30  0 60  0 30 40  0  0  0  0 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 30 90 90 60 90 10 100   0 90 90  0 90 90 90 Galium 80 100  100  100  100  100  100   0 100  100   0 100  90 90 Kochia 80 100  100  100  100  90 100   0 100  100   0 90 90 30 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 70 100  90 90 100  20 100   0 100  100   0 90 90 20 Ragweed 70 100  100  90 100  60 100   0 100  100   0 90 90 70 Ryegrass, Italian 70 100  100  100  90 80 100   0 100  100   0 100  100  90 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat 20 20  0 50 10 20 100   0 50 40  0  0  0  0 Compounds 500 g ai/ha 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 80 40 10 20 60 90 10 60 30  0 30 80 80 90 Blackgrass 10 40 30 40 90 90 40 70 10  0 80 80 80 90 Corn  0  0  0 20 40 60  0 20  0  0  0  0  0  0 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 50 40 25 20 90 100  20 50 20  0 70 80 80 100  Galium  0 90 90 90 100  100  20 100  80 60 100  90 90 100  Kochia  0 80 60 70 90 100  30 90 40 10 90 90 90 100  Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed  0 90 80 80 90 100  50 50 20  0 90 90 90 100  Ragweed  0 80 70 70 90 100  10 90 20  0 80 90 90 100  Ryegrass, Italian  0 90 80 90 100  100   0 100  80 60 100  90 90 100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat  0  0  0 20 70 90  0 20  0  0 60  0  0  0 Compounds 500 g ai/ha 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 50 90 40 80 10 80 90 80 100  90  0 20 40 10 Blackgrass 70 100  80 90 30 80 90 60 90 60 20  0 30 10 Corn  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 30 30  0 30  0  0 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 70 100  80 90 70 80 100  80 100  100   0 10 50  0 Galium 90 100  90 100  100  90 100  90 100  100  30 90 90 60 Kochia 80 100  80 70 80 90 100  90 100  90 70 30 60 10 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 80 100  90 100  90 90 100  90 100  100  30 60 70  0 Ragweed 70 100  90 90 80 90 100  90 100  100   0 50 60 10 Ryegrass, Italian 80 100  80 90 50 80 100  90 100  100   0 90 50 50 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat  0 20  0  0  0  0  0  0 30 30  0 20 20  0 Compounds 500 g ai/ha 96 97 98 99 100  101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 20 90 90 90 30 30 90 90 100  90 90 100  90 90 Blackgrass 20 90 30 80 70 40 70 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 Corn  0 70 20 40 20 20 20 60 20 30 20 30  0 30 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 20 100  100  90 80 50 90 90 100  90 90 90 90 90 Galium 50 100  100  100  100  90 100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  Kochia 70 100  60 70 100  30 40 90 100  90 90 90 100  90 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 70 100  100  90 90 70 90 100  90 90 90 90 100  90 Ragweed 50 100  100  100  90 80 100  100  100  100  90 90 100  100  Ryegrass, Italian 60 100  100  100  100  50 80 100  100  100  100  90 100  100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat  0 80 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 Compounds 500 g ai/ha 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 10 90 20 90 90 90 90 40  0  0 10 50 30 70 Blackgrass 60 70 80 90 60 70 70  0  0  0 10 50 40 50 Corn 20 20 30 70 30 20 30  0  0  0  0 20 20 20 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 10 100  50 90 90 90 100  20  0  0 10 80 60 60 Galium 90 100  90 100  100  100  100   0  0  0 70 90 70 90 Kochia 70 90 30 100  60 90 60 10  0  0 30 80 70 70 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 90 100  30 100  90 90 100  20  0  0 50 90 70 70 Ragweed 100  100  80 100  80 100  100   0  0  0 10 90 60 90 Ryegrass, Italian 90 100  100  100  90 100  100   0  0  0 80 100  70 100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat 40 30 30 70 40 30 50  0  0  0  0 20  0 20 Compounds 500 g ai/ha 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 30 90 60 50 80 100  90 20 30 90 60  0 100  100  Blackgrass  0 80 70 50 20 100  70 50 50 60 70 30 90 100  Corn  0 30 20 10  0 80 30 10 10 50 50 20 30 70 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant  0 90 60 60 70 100  90 80 80 90 80  0 100  100  Galium 30 90 100  100  70 100  100  100  100  100  100  90 100  100  Kochia  0 100  90 80  0 90 100  80 80 100  100   0 100  100  Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed  0 100  100  100  90 100  100  90 90 100  100  20 100  100  Ragweed  0 100  90 80 30 100  100  90 100  100  100  60 100  100  Ryegrass, Italian  0 100  100  90 50 100  100  90 100  100  100  70 100  100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat  0 80 20 20  0 80 30 20 20 30 30  0 30 90 Compounds 500 g ai/ha 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 100  100  90 50 20 60 100  90 30 40 30 20 30 90 Blackgrass 90 90 50 50 20 60 100  80 70 90 80 70 50 90 Corn 20 40 30  0  0 20 90 60 30  0  0 30  0 30 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 100  100  90 70 20 60 100  80 70 80 70 80 30 90 Galium 100  100  90 90 80 100  100  100  90 100  90 100  80 100  Kochia 100  100  70 30 20 90 100  100  100  100  90 100  70 100  Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 100  100  90 30 50 90 100  100  90 90 90 100  80 100  Ragweed 100  100  100  40 20 70 100  100  100  90 90 90 30 90 Ryegrass, Italian 100  100  100  90 90 100  100  100  100  100  90 100  90 100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat 20 30 70  0  0 50 100  30 70 80 60 70 20 20 Compounds 500 g ai/ha 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 40 90 90 80 90 80 50 80 20 80 50  0 20 30 Blackgrass 30 90 90 70 90 70 60 70 20 90 40 20 40 50 Corn  0 80 40 20 30 40  0 40  0  0 30  0 20 20 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 50 90 90 90 90 80 60 80 20 80 40  0 30 50 Galium 70 100  100  90 100  100  90 100  90 100  100  60 100  100  Kochia 40 90 50 80 100  100  100  100  60 90 90 20 90 90 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 60 100  90 100  100  100  100  80 90 90 90 20 80 80 Ragweed 90 90 80 100  100  100  100  100  80 90 100   0 100  90 Ryegrass, Italian 90 100  100  90 100  100  100  100  90 100  90 70 90 90 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat 50 30 20 50 60 50  0 30  0 20 20  0  0  0 Compounds 500 g ai/ha 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 185 186 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 20 20 40 20 10 90 70  0 10  0 10  0 30 100  Blackgrass 30 40 30 20 10 90 30  0  0 20 30  0 20 80 Corn 20 20 20 30  0 40  0  0  0 20  0  0 30 30 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 40 40 40 30 10 90 80  0 10  0 10  0 20 90 Galium 90 90 30 70 80 100  40  0 80  0 100   0 90 100  Kochia 70 70 20 100  70 100  20  0  0  0 70  0 100  100  Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 80 80 40 70 80 100  30  0 60  0 90  0 90 100  Ragweed 70 70  0 80 80 100   0  0 20  0 100   0 50 100  Ryegrass, Italian 90 80 60 100  50 100  60  0 40 30 100   0 80 100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat 20  0 20 30  0 70 20  0  0 20  0  0  0 40 Compounds 500 g ai/ha 187 188 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 80 20 Blackgrass 70 60 Corn 30  0 Crabgrass, Large — — Foxtail, Giant 80 80 Galium 100  90 Kochia 100  20 Morningglory — — Pigweed 90 80 Ragweed 100  50 Ryegrass, Italian 100  80 Velvetleaf — — Wheat 30  0 Compounds 125 g ai/ha 2 8 9 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 30  0 10  0 10 70 20  0  0 20 30 90 30 80 Blackgrass — — — 20 20  0 10 10  0  0 30 90 50 70 Corn  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 20 50  0 40 Crabgrass, Large 50  0 10 — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 80  0 10 10 10 70 20  0  0 20 30 100  60 90 Galium — — — 60 80 70 90 50 40 30 90 100  90 100  Kochia — — —  0 80 50 50  0  0  0 90 100  100  100  Morningglory 100   0 40 — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 100  70  0 30 60  0 30  0  0  0 100  100  100  100  Ragweed — — — 10 70 50 30  0  0  0 80 100  90 90 Ryegrass, Italian — — — 60 60 50 50 50 10  0 100  100  80 100  Velvetleaf 100  60  0 — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat 20  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 20 10  0 50 Compounds 125 g ai/ha 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 36 37 38 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 40 20 10 90 80 70  0 0 40 30 50 50 60  0 Blackgrass 30 60 30 90 90 70 20 0 10 80 70 60 60 50 Corn  0  0  0  0  0 10  0 0  0  0  0 20  0  0 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 10 90 10 90 90 80  0 0 40 30 90 80 80  0 Galium 80 100  70 100  100  90 70 20  90 90 100  100  100  80 Kochia 70 100  80 70 70 80 60 0 90 70 80 90 60 30 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 70 90 80 90 90 90 90 20  40 90 80 90 100  50 Ragweed 30 100  60 100  80 90 40 0 90 90 50 90 90 40 Ryegrass, Italian 70 100  60 100  90 90 70 0 50 100  80 70 90  0 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat 30  0  0  0  0 40 10 0  0 20 20 20 40 10 Compounds 125 g ai/ha 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 Postemergence Barnyardgrass  0 10 30 30  0  0 0 20 40 10  0  0 20 10 Blackgrass 30 60 70 80 30  0 0 20 60  0 10  0 30 20 Corn  0  0 20  0  0  0 0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant  0 60 70 90  0  0 0 50 80 50  0  0 50 40 Galium 90 90 80 100  50 30 0 70 90 90 50 60 90 100  Kochia 30 80 100  100   0  0 0 30 90 70  0  0 70 40 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 50 80 60 90  0  0 0 70 100  60 20 20 70 10 Ragweed 50 70 70 100   0  0 0 80 100   0  0  0 70 90 Ryegrass, Italian 90 90 100  100  40  0 0 30 70 50 30 20 60 70 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat  0  0  0  0  0  0 0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 Compounds 125 g ai/ha 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 Postemergence Barnyardgrass  0 30 60 10 90  0 80 0 70 60 0 20 20 20 Blackgrass  0 20 70 30 30 20 90 0 70 70 0 20 60 70 Corn  0 20  0  0 20  0 20 0 10  0 0  0  0  0 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant  0 60 70 20 80  0 90 0 80 70 0 20 70 80 Galium 60 100  100  90 100  70 100  0 100  100  0 90 90 80 Kochia 70 100  90 90 80 20 100  0 100  100  0 90 90 20 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 60 90 70 80 100   0 100  0 100  100  0 80 80 20 Ragweed 60 100  90 70 100   0 90 0 100  100  0 50 70 50 Ryegrass, Italian 40 60 100  90 70 60 100  0 100  100  0 90 90 70 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat  0 20  0 10  0  0 50 0  0  0 0  0  0  0 Compounds 125 g ai/ha 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 70 10  0  0 20 40  0  0  0  0 20 50 70 30 Blackgrass  0 30 10 30 70 90 20 50  0  0 30 70 80 90 Corn  0  0  0  0 20 20  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 10 10 30  0 30 90  0 50  0  0 20 70 80 90 Galium  0 80 70 70 90 100  10 90 70 20 80 90 90 100  Kochia  0 60 50 50 60 90 30 80 20  0 50 80 90 60 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed  0 80 80 70 90 100  40 30 10  0 60 90 90 100  Ragweed  0 80 40 70 70 90  0 60  0  0 40 90 80 90 Ryegrass, Italian  0 80 60 30 100  100   0 90 40 20 80 80 80 100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat  0  0  0  0 20 40  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 Compounds 125 g ai/ha 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 30 40 20 30 30 40 30 40 80 90  0  0  0  0 Blackgrass 70 90 70 90 10 80 90 30 70 30  0  0  0  0 Corn  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 20 20  0  0  0  0 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 50 90 50 90 50 70 90 70 80 90  0  0 30  0 Galium 90 100  90 90 90 90 100  90 100  100  10 70 80 20 Kochia 30 70 70 30 70 90 70 80 100  70 60 20 30  0 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 60 100  80 90 90 80 100  80 100  90 20 30 30  0 Ragweed 70 90 80 90 80 80 90 80 100  100   0  0 10  0 Ryegrass, Italian 70 90 70 90  0 80 100  80 100  90  0 40 30 10 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 20 20  0  0  0  0 Compounds 125 g ai/ha 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 Postemergence Barnyardgrass  0 30 90 20 30  0 40 40 70 50 70 60 30 30 Blackgrass  0 90 30 60 40 20 20 70 90 80 90 80 80 80 Corn  0 10 20 20  0  0 20 20  0  0  0  0  0  0 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant  0 80 90 40 80 30 70 90 80 70 90 70 60 70 Galium 20 100  100  100  90 70 100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  Kochia 60 90 30 30 70 20 20 50 90 90 70 80 90 90 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 60 90 100  70 80 30 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 Ragweed  0 90 100  100  90 60 100  100  100  90 90 90 70 80 Ryegrass, Italian 20 100  90 100  90 30 20 100  100  100  90 60 100  100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat  0 20 30 20  0  0 20  0 20  0  0 30  0 20 Compounds 125 g ai/ha 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 Postemergence Barnyardgrass  0 40 20 40 20 20 20  0  0  0  0 30 20 40 Blackgrass 20 30 40 90 20 20 30  0  0  0  0 20 30 30 Corn  0  0  0 20  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 20  0  0 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant  0 70 20 40 70 20 70  0  0  0  0 60 40 50 Galium 70 90 70 100  90 80 70  0  0  0 40 70 60 80 Kochia 50 40 20 100  30 70 30  0  0  0  0 70 40 70 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 70 100  20 90 90 70 70  0  0  0 20 90 30 60 Ragweed 60 70 60 90 70 80 70  0  0  0  0 90 50 50 Ryegrass, Italian 70 90 80 100  90 100  90  0  0  0 20 90 50 90 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat  0 20 20 30 20 20 20  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 Compounds 125 g ai/ha 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 20 90 30 10 50 90 60  0  0 20 20  0 20 70 Blackgrass  0 70 60 20  0 60 60 30 30 60 60  0 60 90 Corn  0 20  0  0  0 10  0  0  0 10 20  0 30 30 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant  0 90 20 10 50 90 70 50 60 20 20  0 90 100  Galium  0 90 100  90 40 100  100  70 80 100  100  60 100  100  Kochia  0 100  90 70  0 70 100  60 50 90 100   0 100  100  Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed  0 100  90 90 70 90 100  60 60 90 90  0 90 100  Ragweed  0 90 90 60 10 100  70 100  100  100  100  30 100  100  Ryegrass, Italian  0 100  90 80 20 100  100  90 100  100  100  40 90 100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat  0 50  0  0  0 20  0  0  0 20 30  0  0 50 Compounds 125 g ai/ha 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 20 20 50 20 10 20 100  20  0 10 10 20  0 70 Blackgrass 80 60 30  0 10 40 90 40 20 60 60 30  0 90 Corn  0 30 20  0  0  0 60 20  0  0  0 20  0  0 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 90 70 40 20 10 20 100  20 10 30 30 40  0 80 Galium 100  100  70 70 70 90 100  100  80 90 90 90 30 100  Kochia 100  100  30 10  0 70 100  100  70 80 80 80 40 70 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 90 60 70  0 20 90 100  100  90 90 90 90 40 90 Ragweed 100  100  90 60  0 70 100  100  90 90 90 90  0 90 Ryegrass, Italian 90 100  70 70 80 80 100  100  70 90 90 70 40 100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat  0 30 20  0  0  0 90 20  0 20 20 20  0  0 Compounds 125 g ai/ha 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 20 90 90 30 70 50 10 40 10 20 20  0 20 20 Blackgrass 20 90 70 60 60 60 50 70 10 80 20  0 20 20 Corn  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 20  0  0 20  0  0  0 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 30 90 90 80 90 60 30 50 10 80 20  0 20 20 Galium 60 100  100  90 100  100  80 100  70 80 90 30 80 100  Kochia 30 40 20 70 80 100  90 100  30 60 70  0 60 60 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 50 80 90 90 90 90 80 60 80 50 80  0 80 80 Ragweed 70 80 80 100  90 100  90 100  70 80 80  0 70 90 Ryegrass, Italian 30 100  90 90 90 100  90 100  30 100  60 20 70 80 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat 30  0  0 30 30  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 Compounds 125 g ai/ha 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 185 186 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 10 20  0  0  0 40 40  0  0  0  0  0 10 70 Blackgrass 10 20 20 10  0 80 20  0  0  0 30  0  0 40 Corn 20  0  0  0  0 20  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 20 Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 10 20 30  0  0 40 40  0  0  0  0  0  0 70 Galium 70 70  0 30 40 90 20  0 30  0 90  0 70 100  Kochia 50 50 20 40  0 100   0  0  0  0 30  0 70 100  Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 40 70  0 20 70 90  0  0 40  0 30  0 50 100  Ragweed 30 60  0  0 40 100   0  0 20  0 40  0 10 100  Ryegrass, Italian 40 70 60 70  0 100  20  0 10 20 30  0 70 100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat  0  0  0  0  0 30 20  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 Compounds 125 g ai/ha 187 188 Postemergence Barnyardgrass 30 10 Blackgrass 40 10 Corn  0  0 Crabgrass, Large — — Foxtail, Giant 50 20 Galium 90 70 Kochia 90 10 Morningglory — — Pigweed 70 50 Ragweed 100  20 Ryegrass, Italian 100  20 Velvetleaf — — Wheat  0  0 Compounds 1000 g ai/ha 181 182 183 184 Preemergence Barnyardgrass  0  0 40 10 Corn — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — Foxtail, Giant  0  0 60 30 Kochia 10  0 70 20 Morningglory — — — — Pigweed 30  0 90 90 Ragweed 10  0 80 70 Ryegrass, Italian 60  0 90 90 Velvetleaf — — — — Wheat — — — — Compounds 1000 g ai/ha 1 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 13 32 60 178 179 180 Preemergence Barnyardgrass 90 80 100  90 100  100  100  90 60 100  80  0  0  0 Corn  0  0 10  0 30 30 10 20 — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large 90 80 80 90 — 90 90 80 — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 100  60 80 80 50 90 100  90 50 100  90  0 30 10 Kochia — — — — — — — — 20 100  80  0 30  0 Morningglory 90 80 60  0 10 80 90 90 — — — — — — Pigweed 100   0 70  0 — 100  100  100   0 100  100   0 80 40 Ragweed — — — — — — — —  0 90 100   0 50 40 Ryegrass, Italian — — — — — — — — 60 100  100  60 30 50 Velvetleaf 100  70 40  0 20 80 90 80 — — — — — — Wheat  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 50 — — — — — — Compounds 500 g ai/ha 2 8 9 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Preemergence Barnyardgrass 80  0 100  80 40 90 70  0  0 90 90 100  70 90 Corn 10  0  0 — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large 100  60 90 — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 100  60 100  90 10 70 30  0  0  0 90 100  90 90 Kochia — — — 10 50  0 30  0  0  0 100  90 100  100  Morningglory 100   0  0 — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 100  100   0 60 90  0 70  0  0  0 100  100  100  100  Ragweed — — — 30 30 30  0 10  0 20 90 100  90 90 Ryegrass, Italian — — — 50 — 100  80 40 20  0 100  100  100  90 Velvetleaf 90 30  0 — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat  0  0  0 — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 500 g ai/ha 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 36 37 38 Preemergence Barnyardgrass 60 90 10 100  90 90 10  0 90 80 90 30 90 10 Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 80 90 50 100  100  90 60  0 70 90 100  90 90 40 Kochia 50 100  30 90 90 100  40  0 80 60 70 80 80 40 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 90 100  100  100  100  100  90  0 20 100  90 100  100  80 Ragweed  0 100  40 100  90 90 70 30 100  90 80 90 90 70 Ryegrass, Italian 80 100  70 100  100  90 50  0 60 100  90 70 100  70 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 500 g ai/ha 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 Preemergence Barnyardgrass 10 50 90 100  10  0  0 60 90  0  0  0 90 70 Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 60 70 90 100  50  0  0 90 80 10 10  0 90 60 Kochia  0 80 100  100  20  0  0 30 90 10  0  0 30 80 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 80 100  100  100  10  0  0 100  100  30 40  0 100  60 Ragweed 70 80 90 100  10 10  0 80 90 60 10  0 80 80 Ryegrass, Italian 50 100  100  100  70  0  0 50 90 60 30 10 90 80 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 500 g ai/ha 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 Preemergence Barnyardgrass 20 90 90 50 100  20 100   0 90 90  0 90 70 90 Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 50 100  100  70 100   0 100   0 90 70  0 90 90 100  Kochia 70 100  100  90 100  80 90  0 90 100   0 90 70 20 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 70 100  100  100  100  20 100   0 100  100   0 100  100  100  Ragweed 50 100  100  90 100  80 100   0 90 90  0 80 90 80 Ryegrass, Italian 50 100  100  100  100  100  100   0 100  100   0 100  100  100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 500 g ai/ha 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 Preemergence Barnyardgrass 40 60 30 20 100  100   0 80 30 10 70 70 90 100  Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 50 50 30 50 100  100   0 90 20 10 60 90 90 100  Kochia  0 90 40 20 100  100   0 90  0  0 100  90 90 100  Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed  0 100  100  100  100  100  50 100  50  0 100  100  100  100  Ragweed 20 80 80 20 90 90  0 90 50  0 90 80 90 100  Ryegrass, Italian  0 100  90 70 100  100   0 100  70 40 100  100  100  100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 500 g ai/ha 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 Preemergence Barnyardgrass 70 100  60 100  40 80 100  60 100  100  0  0 40  0 Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 90 100  90 100  70 100  100  80 100  100  0  0 50  0 Kochia 90 100  80 30 40 90 100  90 100  100  20  30 70 10 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 100  100  90 100  100  100  100  100  100  100  0 90 90 20 Ragweed 80 100  90 90 90 80 90 90 100  90 0 20 80 20 Ryegrass, Italian 90 100  90 100  40 100  100  90 100  90 0 40 50 60 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 500 g ai/ha 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 Preemergence Barnyardgrass  0 100  100  90 20 30 60 90 100  100  100  100  100  100  Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant  0 100  100  80 90 60 90 100  100  100  100  100  100  100  Kochia 30 100  40 70 70 40 30 40 100  100  90 90 100  100  Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 90 100  100  100  100  90 100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  Ragweed  0 100  90 80 80 40 90 100  100  100  100  100  100  100  Ryegrass, Italian 40 100  90 100  100  100  60 100  100  100  100  100  100  100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 500 g ai/ha 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 Preemergence Barnyardgrass 20 100  20 100  80 50 100  50 30  0 30 50 30 80 Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 40 100  60 100  90 50 100  30 20  0 20 80 70 70 Kochia 100  100  80 100  100  90 100   0  0  0  0 30 70 100  Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 100  100  100  100  100  100  90 30 10  0 70 100  100  100  Ragweed 40 90 80 90 90 90 90  0  0  0 30 80 80 70 Ryegrass, Italian 80 100  100  100  90 100  100   0  0  0 30 90 90 100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 500 g ai/ha 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 Preemergence Barnyardgrass  0 90 80 40 90 100  100  40 70 50 90  0 80 100  Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant  0 100  70 60 90 100  90 90 90 70 90 30 100  100  Kochia 20 90 90 90  0 90 100  20 90 100  100   0 90 100  Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed  0 100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  70 100  100  Ragweed  0 90 80 70 70 90 90 60 90 100  90 60 90 100  Ryegrass, Italian 30 100  100  90 30 100  100  90 90 100  100  60 100  100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 500 g ai/ha 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 Preemergence Barnyardgrass 100  100  70 90 70 80 100  90 50 60 60 70 10 100  Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 100  100  80 70 60 70 100  90 50 40 50 90 30 100  Kochia 100  100  30 60  0 70 100  100  70 80 90 90 20 100  Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 100  100  100  60 50 100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  Ragweed 100  100  90 60 40 90 100  100  80 90 80 90 30 90 Ryegrass, Italian 100  100  90 80 80 100  100  100  80 100  100  90 70 100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 500 g ai/ha 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 Preemergence Barnyardgrass 40 100  100  80 100  90 60 80 10 60 20  0 20 30 Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 90 100  100  90 90 80 40 80 30 70 40  0 40 40 Kochia 70 90 20 90 100  100  40 100  20 30 90  0 100  100  Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 90 100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  90 70 100  90 Ragweed 100  90 90 90 90 90 80 80 80 90 90  0 90 90 Ryegrass, Italian 100  100  100  90 100  100  80 100  80 100  100  50 100  100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 500 g ai/ha 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 185 186 Preemergence Barnyardgrass 10 20 20 30  0 100  50  0  0  0 10  0 50 80 Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 30 20 40 30  0 100  90  0 10  0 10  0 30 70 Kochia 90 100   0 90  0 100   0  0  0 20 20  0 10 100  Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 90 100   0 100  100  100   0  0 20 60 90  0 60 100  Ragweed 90 80  0 20 20 90  0  0  0 20 70  0 40 80 Ryegrass, Italian 90 100  40 100  40 100  20  0  0 20 90  0 40 100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 500 g ai/ha 187 188 Preemergence Barnyardgrass 90 30 Corn — — Crabgrass, Large — — Foxtail, Giant 70 90 Kochia 100  20 Morningglory — — Pigweed 100  90 Ragweed 80 30 Ryegrass, Italian 100  80 Velvetleaf — — Wheat — — Barnyardgrass 70 10 Corn — — Crabgrass, Large — — Foxtail, Giant 20 10 Kochia 60 20 Morningglory — — Pigweed 90 60 Ragweed 70 10 Ryegrass, Italian 100  20 Velvetleaf — — Wheat — — Compounds 125 g ai/ha 2 8 9 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Preemergence Barnyardgrass 50  0 50 20  0 20 10  0  0 30 30 90 10 90 Corn  0  0  0 — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large 90 10 20 — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 100  40 70 20  0 10  0  0  0  0 40 90 70 90 Kochia — — —  0 10  0  0  0  0  0 80 30 70 80 Morningglory 80  0  0 — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 100  70  0 10 70  0  0  0  0  0 80 100  100  100  Ragweed — — —  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 30 100  90 90 Ryegrass, Italian — — — 20 30 50 30 10  0  0 90 100  100  80 Velvetleaf 80  0  0 — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat  0  0  0 — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 125 g ai/ha 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 36 37 38 Preemergence Barnyardgrass 30 30  0 90 90 70  0  0 20 20 60  0 30  0 Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 60 90 30 90 100  80  0  0 50 40 90 80 70  0 Kochia 30 90 30 40 50 60  0  0 30 30 40 10 30 40 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 70 100  80 100  100  100  80  0 20 90 60 100  100   0 Ragweed  0 90 20 90 90 90  0  0 80 80 70 80 80  0 Ryegrass, Italian 80 100  30 100  100  80 30  0 20 100  90 70 90 40 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 125 g ai/ha 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 Preemergence Barnyardgrass  0 10 20 80  0  0  0 20 70  0  0  0 30 50 Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant  0 40 70 80  0  0  0 50 70  0  0  0 50 40 Kochia  0 50 90 80 50  0  0 30 10  0  0  0  0  0 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 80 90 100  100   0  0  0 30 70 30  0  0 70 10 Ragweed 10 30 80 90  0  0  0 50 80 10  0  0 30 20 Ryegrass, Italian 40 60 100  100  10  0  0 30 60 20  0  0 50 80 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 125 g ai/ha 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 Preemergence Barnyardgrass  0 40 90 10 100   0 80  0 50 80  0 60 20 30 Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 50 60 80 30 100   0 90  0 50 40  0 60 60 80 Kochia 50 50 70 40 100  20 90  0 90 100   0 60 60 20 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 50 100  70 60 100   0 100   0 100  100   0 100  100  90 Ragweed  0 90 90 80 90 70 90  0 70 80  0 70 80 80 Ryegrass, Italian 10 30 100  100  90 70 90  0 100  100   0 90 90 90 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 125 g ai/ha 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 Preemergence Barnyardgrass 10 10  0  0 10 40  0 40  0  0  0 50 70 90 Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 10 10  0  0 70 90  0 50  0  0 20 90 80 100  Kochia  0 20 10  0 50 50  0 80  0  0 20 70 90 30 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed  0 90 60 30 100  100  30 100  20  0 60 100  90 100  Ragweed  0 80 70  0 90 90  0 70  0  0 60 80 80 90 Ryegrass, Italian  0 70 60  0 100  100   0 100  50 10 100  80 90 100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 125 g ai/ha 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 Preemergence Barnyardgrass 40 70 20 70  0 50 90 50 60 90  0  0  0  0 Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 70 100  70 100  20 80 100  50 50 80  0  0 20  0 Kochia 70 30 70  0  0 80 60 70 70 60  0  0 30  0 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 100  100  90 100  80 100  100  100  100  100   0 20 70  0 Ragweed 80 90 80 90 40 70 90 80 90 80  0  0 50  0 Ryegrass, Italian 80 100  70 100   0 90 100  80 100  90  0 20 20 10 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 125 g ai/ha 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 Preemergence Barnyardgrass  0 20 40 60 20  0 40 40 80 20 80 70 20 20 Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant  0 60 90 50 70 30 70 80 70 90 100  70 90 90 Kochia  0 80 20 20 30  0 10 20 100  100  20 20 90 100  Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 30 100  100  100  100  90 80 100  100  100  100  100  100  100  Ragweed  0 90 60 80 40 40 90 90 90 100  90 90 90 100  Ryegrass, Italian  0 100  20 100  90 60 60 90 100  100  100  80 100  100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 125 g ai/ha 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 Preemergence Barnyardgrass  0 70 10 70 30 10 70  0  0  0  0 20  0  0 Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 10 80 50 70 40 30 80  0  0  0  0 80 30 70 Kochia  0 60 20 90 30 30 30  0  0  0  0  0 30 50 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 90 90 90 100  100  70 90  0  0  0  0 100  100  100  Ragweed 30 80 40 70 80 40 90  0  0  0  0 60 — 60 Ryegrass, Italian 20 90 90 100  80 100  80  0  0  0 30 80 70 90 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 125 g ai/ha 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 Preemergence Barnyardgrass  0 70 40 10 50 90 30  0  0 20 20  0 10 90 Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant  0 90 10 50 80 90 30 80 70 40 50 20 80 90 Kochia  0 60 50  0  0 70 60  0 60 40 70  0 60 30 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed  0 100  100  70 90 100  90 80 90 80 100  30 100  100  Ragweed  0 80 70 30 70 90 60 40 80 90 80 30 80 90 Ryegrass, Italian  0 100  90 60 10 100  100  90 90 100  100  20 90 100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 125 g ai/ha 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 Preemergence Barnyardgrass 10 20 50 50 10 20 90 20  0 30 10  0  0 90 Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 90 60 50 30 10 20 100  30  0 10 20 30  0 90 Kochia 40 100   0  0  0 10 100  90 20 50 30 40  0 30 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 100  100  50 40 60 80 100  90 100  90 100  100  80 100  Ragweed 90 90 70 60 20 10 90 80 80 80 80 80  0 90 Ryegrass, Italian 100  100  70 70 50 70 100  100  80 70 80 90 20 100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 125 g ai/ha 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 Preemergence Barnyardgrass 40 100  70 50 70 70 10 50 10 10 10  0 10 10 Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 40 100  90 60 80 50 10 60 10 10 10  0 10 10 Kochia 30 80  0 20 50 100  30 100  20  0 60  0 60 60 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 90 100  100  100  100  100  10 100  50 100  80 30 80 100  Ragweed 80 80 80 90 90 60 50 80 30 90 50  0 50 50 Ryegrass, Italian 90 100  90 70 90 100  80 100  20 100  40 10 60 40 Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Compounds 125 g ai/ha 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 185 186 Preemergence Barnyardgrass 10 10  0  0  0 70 20  0  0  0  0  0  0 40 Corn — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Crabgrass, Large — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Foxtail, Giant 10 10  0  0  0 50 60  0  0  0  0  0  0 50 Kochia 30 60  0 20  0 100   0  0  0  0  0  0  0 80 Morningglory — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Pigweed 80 100   0 50 30 90  0  0  0  0  0  0 20 100  Ragweed 70 70  0  0  0 70  0  0  0  0 20  0  0 70 Ryegrass, Italian 40 80  0 80  0 100   0  0  0 20  0  0  0 100  Velvetleaf — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wheat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Test B

Plant species in the flooded paddy test selected from rice (Oryza sativa), sedge, umbrella (small-flower umbrella sedge, Cyperus difformis), ducksalad (Heteranthera limosa), and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) were grown to the 2-leaf stage for testing. At time of treatment, test pots were flooded to 3 cm above the soil surface, treated by application of test compounds directly to the paddy water, and then maintained at that water depth for the duration of the test. Treated plants and controls were maintained in a greenhouse for 13 to 15 d, after which time all species were compared to controls and visually evaluated. Plant response ratings, summarized in Table B, are based on a scale of 0 to 100 where 0 is no effect and 100 is complete control. A dash (-) response means no test result.

TABLE B 250 g ai/ha Compounds Flood 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Barnyardgrass 0 30 0 0 0 20 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ducksalad 20 80 20 0 45 60 20 0 30 0 30 0 0 20 Rice 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sedge, Umbrella 0 85 0 0 75 60 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 g ai/ha Compounds Flood 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Barnyardgrass 0 0 0 0 0 70 0 0 0 30 0 30 60 0 Ducksalad 30 0 30 0 50 0 0 75 0 20 0 30 80 55 Rice 0 0 0 0 0 55 0 0 0 0 0 40 40 0 Sedge, Umbrella 0 0 0 0 50 65 0 95 0 60 0 80 95 60 250 g ai/ha Compounds Flood 31 32 33 34 35 36 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Barnyardgrass 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ducksalad 0 0 0 0 75 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rice 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sedge, Umbrella 0 0 0 0 65 70 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 g ai/ha Compounds Flood 49 50 51 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 62 63 65 Barnyardgrass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 0 0 Ducksalad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 30 0 Rice 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 Sedge, Umbrella 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 75 65 0 250 g ai/ha Compounds Flood 66 67 68 72 73 74 75 79 81 82 83 84 85 86 Barnyardgrass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 0 60 0 50 0 Ducksalad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 0 70 0 50 20 Rice 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 60 0 30 0 50 15 Sedge, Umbrella 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 80 0 90 0 80 60 250 g ai/ha Compounds Flood 87 88 89 91 92 93 94 98 99 100 101 102 103 110 Barnyardgrass 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 45 0 0 0 0 30 0 Ducksalad 0 50 65 0 0 0 0 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rice 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sedge, Umbrella 0 80 40 40 40 50 0 60 0 0 0 50 50 0 250 g ai/ha Compounds Flood 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 121 122 123 124 125 Barnyardgrass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 Ducksalad 75 0 0 50 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 80 Rice 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 Sedge, Umbrella 75 0 0 70 0 70 0 0 0 0 0 70 0 75 250 g ai/ha Compounds Flood 126 127 128 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 143 Barnyardgrass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 Ducksalad 30 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 Rice 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sedge, Umbrella 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 0 0 0 250 g ai/ha Compounds Flood 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 Barnyardgrass 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 0 0 50 0 0 20 Ducksalad 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 60 50 60 0 Rice 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 50 20 0 0 Sedge, Umbrella 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 0 0 80 65 75 75 250 g ai/ha Compounds Flood 158 159 160 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 Barnyardgrass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ducksalad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 Rice 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sedge, Umbrella 65 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 60 0 250 g ai/ha Compounds Flood 173 174 175 176 177 179 180 181 183 184 185 186 187 188 Barnyardgrass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 Ducksalad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rice 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 Sedge, Umbrella 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 Test C

Seeds of plant species selected from blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), ryegrass, Italian (Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum), wheat (winter wheat, Triticum aestivum), galium (catchweed bedstraw, Galium aparine), corn (Zea mays), large crabgrass, large (large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis), foxtail, giant (giant foxtail, Setaria faberii), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), morningglory (Ipomoea coccinea), nutsedge, yellow (yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus), pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), ragweed (common ragweed, Ambrosia elatior), soybean (Glycine max), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), oilseed rape (Brassica napus), waterhemp (common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) were planted into a blend of loam soil and sand and treated preemergence with test chemicals formulated in a non-phytotoxic solvent mixture which included a surfactant.

At the same time, plants selected from these crop and weed species and also chickweed (common chickweed, Stellaria media), kochia (Kochia scoparia), and oat, wild (wild oat, Avena fatua), were planted in pots containing Redi-Earth® planting medium (Scotts Company, 14111 Scottslawn Road, Marysville, Ohio 43041) comprising spaghnum peat moss, vermiculite, wetting agent and starter nutrients and treated with postemergence applications of test chemicals formulated in the same manner. Plants ranged in height from 2 to 18 cm (1- to 4-leaf stage) for postemergence treatments. Treated plants and controls were maintained in a greenhouse for 13 to 15 d, after which time all species were compared to controls and visually evaluated. Plant response ratings, summarized in Table C, are based on a scale of 0 to 100 where 0 is no effect and 100 is complete control. A dash (-) response means no test result.

TABLE C 250 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 1 2 10 11 14 16 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 Barnyard- 5 20 98 15 60 90 45 90 15 85 25 35 50 40 grass Blackgrass 75 80 15 75 20 40 45 95 20 85 80 75 90 90 Chickweed 100 98 90 90 90 90 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 95 Corn 40 10 5 0 5 0 10 20 5 25 10 5 15 15 Crabgrass, 35 10 75 10 35 30 30 55 5 45 20 25 45 45 Large Foxtail, 90 95 90 30 50 80 80 95 35 90 85 65 95 95 Giant Galium 95 98 85 90 90 80 100 100 95 100 95 95 100 100 Johnsongrass 15 5 25 5 5 5 10 35 5 40 10 5 10 30 Kochia 100 75 95 100 90 25 100 100 95 100 100 100 90 100 Lambs- 100 100 98 90 90 20 100 98 90 98 98 98 98 100 quarters Morning- 100 100 100 98 100 40 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 glory Nutsedge, — 98 — 45 — — 95 90 65 85 90 25 95 90 Yellow Oat, Wild 100 85 25 70 45 40 40 100 80 100 95 90 100 100 Oilseed 40 75 0 0 0 0 25 100 75 10 5 5 70 70 Rape Pigweed 100 98 95 95 90 50 100 98 98 98 98 95 90 90 Ragweed 95 98 98 95 98 30 100 95 100 98 95 90 90 90 Ryegrass, 98 90 55 90 85 70 90 95 90 95 95 90 90 95 Italian Soybean 5 5 0 0 5 0 0 20 0 15 10 10 0 5 Velvetleaf 100 100 70 80 40 35 100 90 80 90 98 70 95 90 Waterhemp 100 100 90 95 40 5 90 80 90 98 98 95 90 85 Wheat 15 5 0 5 5 0 0 35 0 30 5 5 5 5 250 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 29 32 33 34 36 37 41 42 47 51 52 54 56 57 Barnyard- 40 90 80 35 40 90 60 40 90 20 10 20 10 98 grass Blackgrass 75 80 10 60 20 85 60 70 30 10 30 40 40 25 Chickweed 100 100 95 95 95 95 100 100 98 90 100 100 70 100 Corn 20 40 20 5 5 30 20 5 5 0 0 10 0 10 Crabgrass, 40 70 25 25 35 35 35 20 35 10 10 55 20 35 Large Foxtail, 80 90 70 35 80 85 65 80 85 35 35 90 50 95 Giant Galium 100 100 95 95 95 95 100 95 90 95 100 98 90 100 Johnsongrass 25 35 40 5 5 35 35 25 25 0 15 10 10 10 Kochia 85 95 50 85 90 80 100 100 98 75 70 95 100 95 Lambs- 90 100 100 100 100 100 98 98 85 — 98 100 85 90 quarters Morning- 100 100 98 98 100 98 98 100 100 75 100 100 50 100 glory Nutsedge, 75 85 65 85 65 60 80 95 90 90 95 70 60 90 Yellow Oat, Wild 95 100 45 90 85 90 95 95 50 10 0 85 40 60 Oilseed 0 90 50 20 90 50 0 0 10 5 0 70 0 5 Rape Pigweed 98 95 80 98 100 95 95 98 98 85 55 100 90 100 Ragweed 95 98 98 95 95 98 100 100 100 25 98 98 60 95 Ryegrass, 95 95 75 90 80 90 90 95 30 70 60 80 90 60 Italian Soybean 25 35 0 5 15 25 15 15 15 0 0 10 0 5 Velvetleaf 90 85 85 90 95 90 90 95 95 70 100 100 70 100 Waterhemp 98 98 75 98 98 98 85 95 100 — 55 95 90 100 Wheat 10 40 0 0 5 35 5 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 250 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 59 60 65 66 67 69 72 73 75 78 79 80 81 82 Barnyard- 70 65 50 35 45 55 65 60 20 25 40 35 60 30 grass Blackgrass 90 90 40 60 80 70 90 90 35 30 50 50 90 40 Chickweed 98 98 90 95 95 100 90 95 95 80 90 98 95 98 Corn 50 35 5 25 20 10 25 60 10 0 35 5 0 5 Crabgrass, 60 65 25 45 40 30 60 75 20 10 35 35 55 30 Large Foxtail, 90 90 60 80 85 25 85 85 10 25 90 90 90 80 Giant Galium 98 100 90 95 90 98 95 95 90 95 95 95 95 95 Johnsongrass 35 45 5 15 10 15 45 50 10 5 10 15 70 10 Kochia 90 100 100 98 80 98 90 100 95 90 90 90 80 90 Lambs- 98 100 100 100 100 98 95 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 quarters Morning- 100 100 95 100 100 98 100 95 75 65 98 98 98 100 glory Nutsedge, 95 95 65 85 85 65 85 90 70 60 85 95 90 85 Yellow Oat, Wild 98 95 70 90 100 85 95 95 35 60 90 95 95 90 Oilseed 55 80 5 0 75 0 85 85 80 5 80 80 45 75 Rape Pigweed 98 98 100 100 85 95 98 98 98 80 98 95 90 90 Ragweed 98 100 90 100 95 98 90 90 100 75 98 98 85 95 Ryegrass, 95 95 85 85 85 95 90 90 85 90 85 85 90 85 Italian Soybean 25 50 10 5 10 35 30 45 10 20 5 20 0 10 Velvetleaf 95 95 75 95 98 98 95 90 85 60 90 90 90 90 Waterhemp 100 98 85 100 70 100 85 100 100 90 95 95 80 98 Wheat 15 15 0 0 0 0 35 40 0 10 0 15 0 5 250 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 83 84 85 87 88 89 90 91 97 98 99 100 102 104 Barnyard- 45 40 50 45 60 40 70 65 35 98 35 40 40 55 grass Blackgrass 90 60 90 65 90 5 40 30 0 70 65 25 10 55 Chickweed 100 100 100 98 100 100 98 100 60 100 90 95 98 100 Corn 10 10 5 5 15 5 25 20 5 15 10 10 10 30 Crabgrass, 55 30 45 35 55 10 75 40 25 70 50 15 15 55 Large Foxtail, 90 85 90 85 90 30 75 80 5 100 50 90 75 85 Giant Galium 100 95 100 98 100 95 95 98 90 98 98 95 95 98 Johnsongrass 10 20 25 10 5 5 20 10 5 10 5 10 10 5 Kochia 80 95 70 95 85 100 100 98 85 80 95 95 50 100 Lambs- 98 98 100 100 98 100 100 100 60 100 98 98 100 100 quarters Morning- 98 100 100 100 98 98 100 100 30 100 100 100 100 100 glory Nutsedge, 90 90 90 85 85 75 85 85 5 60 85 50 75 75 Yellow Oat, Wild 95 90 90 90 100 40 95 90 10 100 95 95 25 90 Oilseed 70 50 15 20 80 0 5 90 35 25 55 90 30 98 Rape Pigweed 90 100 90 98 90 95 100 100 75 100 95 100 100 100 Ragweed 85 95 90 100 90 98 100 100 35 100 100 98 100 100 Ryegrass, 95 85 95 85 90 80 90 95 55 85 95 95 30 90 Italian Soybean 10 5 15 5 25 0 70 20 5 25 5 5 10 10 Velvetleaf 90 98 95 90 90 80 98 100 30 100 100 65 100 90 Waterhemp 80 90 85 90 90 50 100 80 10 100 98 98 85 95 Wheat 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 5 0 30 10 5 5 10 250 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 105 106 107 108 109 111 113 114 115 121 123 125 126 127 Barnyard- 20 40 90 60 65 40 45 40 45 30 70 70 50 25 grass Blackgrass 60 75 30 55 80 35 60 15 35 50 45 80 40 35 Chickweed 100 98 98 98 100 98 100 98 90 98 98 95 100 95 Corn 30 10 15 30 50 10 15 0 15 5 20 5 25 10 Crabgrass, 30 30 65 40 60 25 70 25 25 40 75 60 30 25 Large Foxtail, 85 95 75 85 85 85 70 85 35 85 80 98 25 40 Giant Galium 100 100 98 95 100 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 98 90 Johnsongrass 0 10 20 5 5 10 20 15 20 5 25 20 25 15 Kochia 100 80 90 100 100 95 100 95 90 95 98 90 95 90 Lambs- 100 98 98 98 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 95 98 quarters Morning- 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 98 98 glory Nutsedge, 90 80 85 75 80 75 95 35 80 75 90 90 85 70 Yellow Oat, Wild 90 90 35 90 90 98 90 85 90 90 95 95 85 60 Oilseed 75 95 45 95 95 100 0 80 0 55 5 10 85 100 Rape Pigweed 98 90 98 98 100 98 98 95 90 98 98 98 95 95 Ragweed 100 98 98 100 100 100 100 100 98 98 98 98 95 90 Ryegrass, 80 35 90 90 90 95 95 95 95 90 95 95 90 90 Italian Soybean 40 10 10 15 25 10 55 5 65 0 65 10 35 35 Velvetleaf 100 100 100 100 100 90 98 85 65 80 95 98 95 55 Waterhemp 98 80 90 98 100 70 100 45 90 70 100 100 100 95 Wheat 5 5 0 10 35 25 15 15 5 0 20 35 5 30 250 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 129 130 132 133 134 136 137 138 139 145 153 154 161 162 Barnyard- 85 55 25 35 55 40 65 40 60 70 90 95 55 25 grass Blackgrass 80 60 45 30 98 45 0 80 10 90 90 85 65 40 Chickweed 100 100 95 — — — — — — — 98 95 80 95 Corn 30 15 10 5 15 10 20 15 15 10 10 5 40 0 Crabgrass, 60 60 25 20 40 35 35 25 40 20 75 75 20 10 Large Foxtail, 95 70 75 55 45 90 95 80 60 55 95 95 35 40 Giant Galium 100 98 95 100 100 95 95 95 100 100 98 95 95 98 Johnson- 25 20 10 10 25 5 15 20 25 20 15 20 25 10 grass Kochia 95 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 85 80 90 90 Lambs- 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 95 95 85 95 quarters Morning- 100 100 98 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 90 glory Nutsedge, 95 85 85 98 90 85 90 80 85 95 90 80 50 30 Yellow Oat, Wild 98 95 90 95 95 90 90 90 90 100 95 90 90 70 Oilseed 5 0 40 98 100 98 98 98 95 90 90 95 90 0 Rape Pigweed 98 90 65 95 100 98 100 98 98 100 85 85 98 90 Ragweed 95 98 98 5 30 5 40 5 0 25 90 90 85 90 Ryegrass, 95 95 95 5 40 35 60 70 60 40 95 95 90 80 Italian Soybean 25 50 20 40 85 15 20 25 60 70 5 25 40 0 Velvetleaf 100 98 75 100 100 98 95 98 100 100 95 90 100 70 Waterhemp 98 98 75 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 90 70 95 65 Wheat 55 15 0 80 90 90 95 90 90 90 10 5 15 10 250 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 164 165 171 176 Barnyard- 35 25 60 20 grass Blackgrass 45 25 55 0 Chickweed 98 98 95 — Corn 5 5 20 5 Crabgrass, 10 20 55 30 Large Foxtail, 30 25 75 40 Giant Galium 100 100 95 60 Johnson- 10 15 20 10 grass Kochia 95 90 98 100 Lambs- 98 98 100 90 quarters Morning- 90 95 100 100 glory Nutsedge, 40 35 — 5 Yellow Oat, Wild 80 70 95 35 Oilseed 0 5 30 95 Rape Pigweed 85 85 100 75 Ragweed 90 85 100 0 Ryegrass, 85 70 95 10 Italian Soybean 5 15 50 10 Velvetleaf 70 50 100 80 Waterhemp 75 75 100 55 Wheat 20 15 20 40 125 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 1 2 10 11 14 16 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 Barnyard- 5 15 90 5 55 70 30 75 10 75 20 30 25 35 grass Blackgrass 60 85 10 30 5 5 10 90 20 70 60 60 85 80 Chickweed 98 95 90 85 90 90 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 98 Corn 5 5 5 0 0 0 5 20 5 10 5 5 0 5 Crabgrass, 25 15 65 0 30 20 10 40 5 35 20 20 30 40 Large Foxtail, 60 90 50 10 50 70 45 90 40 85 70 40 90 85 Giant Galium 95 98 70 90 80 85 100 100 95 100 100 95 100 100 Johnsongrass 0 5 5 5 0 0 10 20 5 10 5 5 — — Kochia 95 65 95 100 90 20 90 95 95 100 100 90 90 95 Lambs- 100 98 65 90 80 40 100 95 90 95 98 90 90 100 quarters Morning- 100 100 100 90 100 60 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 glory Nutsedge, — 98 — 30 — — 85 90 65 85 90 20 — 85 Yellow Oat, Wild 85 90 5 60 40 10 25 98 80 100 90 95 95 100 Oilseed 5 70 0 0 0 10 5 100 90 45 20 5 80 5 Rape Pigweed 98 90 70 90 70 30 98 95 90 98 95 98 85 90 Ragweed 95 95 70 95 50 0 95 90 90 95 95 85 85 85 Ryegrass, 95 85 20 90 65 60 80 95 90 95 90 90 90 90 Italian Soybean 5 50 0 0 5 0 35 10 0 10 10 10 0 0 Velvetleaf 95 100 40 45 40 20 85 85 80 85 85 60 90 85 Waterhemp 100 85 50 95 50 5 60 85 75 85 95 85 10 85 Wheat 10 5 0 5 5 0 0 35 5 35 0 0 5 0 125 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 29 32 33 34 36 37 40 41 42 47 51 52 54 56 Barnyard- 40 65 50 35 35 60 25 40 30 85 10 5 55 5 grass Blackgrass 60 80 5 35 5 80 45 50 60 30 0 30 60 5 Chickweed 100 100 90 90 95 90 90 90 100 98 70 98 95 55 Corn 30 30 5 5 5 20 20 10 5 10 0 0 5 0 Crabgrass, 50 75 20 20 25 25 10 25 20 40 10 5 35 5 Large Foxtail, 60 80 60 25 70 60 20 30 35 75 15 10 75 0 Giant Galium 100 100 95 95 95 95 90 100 100 90 90 100 98 90 Johnsongrass — 15 5 5 5 5 5 10 — 20 0 10 10 5 Kochia 75 90 40 60 55 5 0 100 100 95 50 5 90 90 Lambs- 85 98 98 95 98 95 80 95 100 98 65 75 100 85 quarters Morning- 100 100 95 95 98 98 80 100 100 100 75 100 98 50 glory Nutsedge, — 80 45 85 55 65 20 65 — 80 85 90 55 50 Yellow Oat, Wild 85 100 40 90 65 90 60 90 90 30 5 0 60 20 Oilseed 5 60 30 50 50 40 5 5 10 5 5 0 40 0 Rape Pigweed 98 90 65 80 95 95 85 75 98 98 70 10 98 85 Ragweed 95 98 90 95 95 98 85 95 98 98 5 80 95 60 Ryegrass, 85 90 70 90 60 90 80 90 90 25 60 45 85 65 Italian Soybean 20 30 0 15 5 15 30 20 10 10 0 0 10 0 Velvetleaf 85 85 75 100 95 85 20 85 85 95 50 55 98 15 Waterhemp 80 85 65 90 95 80 80 90 98 100 80 10 95 95 Wheat 30 25 0 10 0 30 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 5 125 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 57 59 60 65 66 67 69 72 73 75 78 79 80 81 Barnyard- 95 55 35 35 30 35 35 50 55 15 30 30 35 35 grass Blackgrass 5 85 85 10 40 65 30 80 90 20 5 35 40 90 Chickweed 95 98 95 90 95 95 95 90 95 95 70 90 95 95 Corn 5 65 30 5 5 10 5 20 20 10 10 25 5 10 Crabgrass, 30 25 50 20 35 35 25 35 60 5 10 30 30 40 Large Foxtail, 85 85 70 35 65 80 10 75 75 5 20 75 70 90 Giant Galium 95 98 100 90 95 95 98 95 95 90 80 95 95 95 Johnsongrass 5 25 55 5 5 5 10 5 40 5 5 10 5 5 Kochia 70 85 100 90 90 35 95 90 90 95 85 90 90 80 Lambs- 95 98 95 95 100 90 100 90 95 100 75 98 98 98 quarters Morning- 100 100 100 95 100 100 95 95 95 100 65 100 100 100 glory Nutsedge, 90 95 90 60 85 80 70 70 80 50 35 80 85 90 Yellow Oat, Wild 45 90 95 50 90 90 80 90 95 40 60 85 90 95 Oilseed 0 40 85 0 10 75 50 20 70 90 0 70 60 85 Rape Pigweed 85 95 95 98 100 80 90 95 95 100 75 98 95 85 Ragweed 85 95 98 80 90 98 95 95 90 100 60 98 98 70 Ryegrass, 50 90 95 85 85 85 95 90 90 85 85 85 85 90 Italian Soybean 0 10 40 5 10 5 20 15 25 35 5 5 5 5 Velvetleaf 100 90 90 65 85 85 85 85 85 85 35 90 55 90 Waterhemp 85 98 98 75 90 75 95 85 85 100 80 80 85 85 Wheat 0 10 30 0 0 0 0 5 35 0 5 0 10 0 125 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 82 83 84 85 87 88 89 90 91 97 98 99 100 102 Barnyard- 25 30 25 40 35 40 20 50 45 15 98 35 30 35 grass Blackgrass 35 90 55 90 60 90 0 25 10 0 50 50 5 5 Chickweed 90 95 95 95 95 100 100 95 100 15 100 90 95 95 Corn 10 10 30 0 30 20 10 10 10 0 15 10 5 10 Crabgrass, 20 40 20 40 25 55 5 35 25 10 45 30 25 20 Large Foxtail, 60 85 65 90 75 90 20 55 75 5 98 30 75 60 Giant Galium 95 100 95 100 95 100 95 95 98 85 98 98 95 95 Johnson- 10 5 10 50 5 5 0 10 5 0 10 10 5 0 grass Kochia 90 65 90 60 90 100 90 100 90 70 60 90 95 20 Lambs- 98 85 98 100 98 95 100 98 100 50 100 85 98 70 quarters Morning- 100 100 98 100 100 98 98 100 100 30 100 100 100 100 glory Nutsedge, 85 85 85 95 80 80 70 90 45 0 50 75 20 60 Yellow Oat, Wild 90 90 90 95 85 100 30 90 90 5 95 90 85 10 Oilseed 50 45 50 10 50 60 0 0 95 0 10 60 10 5 Rape Pigweed 90 90 95 85 90 90 80 95 100 60 100 98 100 95 Ragweed 95 90 98 85 95 85 90 95 95 25 98 95 95 100 Ryegrass, 85 90 85 90 85 90 75 90 95 50 65 95 90 25 Italian Soybean 5 0 10 0 10 5 0 55 10 5 25 5 5 10 Velvetleaf 95 90 85 85 90 85 75 98 98 10 75 98 40 100 Waterhemp 90 60 95 85 90 85 50 100 75 5 100 95 95 80 Wheat 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 15 10 0 5 125 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 104 105 106 107 108 109 111 113 114 115 121 123 125 126 Barnyard- 45 25 20 40 40 55 45 35 40 35 25 40 80 35 grass Blackgrass 50 50 60 5 35 50 20 45 5 20 15 45 60 10 Chickweed 100 98 95 95 95 95 100 98 98 90 90 90 95 95 Corn 50 30 10 20 25 35 15 10 0 5 5 20 5 20 Crabgrass, 35 20 30 35 25 60 25 25 20 20 20 30 40 30 Large Foxtail, 75 75 90 70 75 80 70 30 50 20 70 35 95 15 Giant Galium 98 95 95 100 95 100 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 98 Johnsongrass 5 0 10 0 5 5 15 10 5 10 5 20 20 15 Kochia 95 95 80 90 95 100 90 95 90 90 95 95 90 95 Lambs- 100 100 95 90 98 100 100 100 100 90 98 100 98 95 quarters Morning- 100 100 100 98 98 100 100 100 100 95 100 98 100 98 glory Nutsedge, 60 75 90 75 70 80 65 85 25 65 85 85 85 70 Yellow Oat, Wild 90 90 90 40 90 90 90 90 65 80 80 90 95 90 Oilseed 95 60 85 80 85 95 95 0 40 0 85 0 5 60 Rape Pigweed 100 100 90 98 98 100 90 95 95 70 90 80 98 95 Ragweed 98 98 75 98 98 100 98 98 98 95 95 95 98 95 Ryegrass, 90 90 90 60 90 90 95 95 80 95 90 90 95 90 Italian Soybean 10 10 0 20 15 30 5 40 0 20 0 20 10 20 Velvetleaf 98 90 90 95 100 98 98 90 55 70 75 85 95 98 Waterhemp 100 100 75 95 90 90 55 90 55 90 75 100 98 95 Wheat 5 5 0 0 5 10 15 5 5 0 25 15 30 0 125 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 127 129 130 132 133 134 136 137 138 139 143 145 153 154 Barnyard- 25 70 35 25 45 40 35 50 30 40 30 30 70 90 grass Blackgrass 5 60 55 25 70 50 30 0 50 60 20 30 90 60 Chickweed 90 100 98 95 — — — — — — 80 — 98 90 Corn 5 30 5 5 5 10 10 10 15 15 5 5 25 5 Crabgrass, 10 35 15 10 5 15 25 35 20 30 30 10 50 70 Large Foxtail, 25 85 40 60 40 35 70 80 65 30 20 25 90 95 Giant Galium 85 100 95 95 98 100 90 90 95 100 90 98 98 95 Johnsongrass 10 15 5 5 20 5 5 15 20 15 20 20 10 20 Kochia 95 90 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 60 100 80 60 Lambs- 85 95 100 100 100 100 95 98 95 100 75 100 95 90 quarters Morning- 85 100 85 95 100 100 100 100 98 100 70 100 98 98 glory Nutsedge, 60 85 80 75 95 95 75 85 75 70 35 85 95 85 Yellow Oat, Wild 55 100 85 70 95 95 85 90 80 90 60 95 95 90 Oilseed 25 5 0 5 98 100 98 98 98 98 5 95 90 98 Rape Pigweed 90 98 90 70 100 100 85 98 90 98 75 75 85 90 Ragweed 60 95 98 95 5 5 0 30 5 0 70 5 95 85 Ryegrass, 80 95 95 95 35 20 30 30 10 35 90 30 95 90 Italian Soybean 30 20 25 0 75 70 10 15 10 65 20 55 10 20 Velvetleaf 25 95 98 65 100 100 90 90 95 95 50 98 90 85 Waterhemp 85 85 80 80 100 100 95 85 98 100 90 100 90 85 Wheat 5 40 10 0 55 65 45 90 80 60 15 85 10 10 125 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 161 162 164 165 171 176 Barnyard- 45 25 30 25 40 10 grass Blackgrass 60 30 40 20 40 0 Chickweed 70 95 95 95 90 — Corn 15 0 5 0 10 0 Crabgrass, 5 10 10 20 40 20 Large Foxtail, 10 15 15 15 50 35 Giant Galium 95 95 100 98 95 60 Johnsongrass 20 5 5 10 15 5 Kochia 80 90 90 85 98 95 Lambsquarters 80 90 85 85 98 80 Morningglory 95 85 90 85 100 98 Nutsedge, 20 30 25 25 75 5 Yellow Oat, Wild 80 70 70 65 90 10 Oilseed 95 0 0 0 0 95 Rape Pigweed 90 85 85 75 90 50 Ragweed 95 75 85 75 100 0 Ryegrass, 90 70 80 55 95 0 Italian Soybean 40 0 10 15 60 15 Velvetleaf 90 30 25 20 100 75 Waterhemp 85 70 70 75 98 60 Wheat 10 5 10 10 30 10 62 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 1 2 10 11 14 16 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 Barnyard- 5 10 90 0 5 70 10 45 5 60 20 25 20 25 grass Blackgrass 50 65 0 15 0 5 10 90 0 60 55 55 70 70 Chickweed 95 95 90 65 90 80 98 100 90 100 98 95 100 95 Corn 25 5 0 0 0 0 5 65 5 30 5 10 5 5 Crabgrass, 10 15 30 0 5 20 10 35 5 20 15 20 25 20 Large Foxtail, 15 65 60 5 45 60 25 80 15 65 35 25 75 80 Giant Galium 95 95 50 90 55 80 100 100 90 100 95 95 100 100 Johnson- 0 5 0 0 0 0 10 20 5 5 5 5 0 5 grass Kochia 95 55 85 95 85 0 80 90 95 95 95 70 80 70 Lambs- 100 85 80 90 80 60 85 90 85 95 95 85 85 98 quarters Morning- 100 100 90 80 85 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 glory Nutsedge, — 95 — 15 — — 65 90 50 70 75 10 80 85 Yellow Oat, Wild 70 80 5 45 30 5 5 98 50 95 70 80 95 95 Oilseed 0 70 0 0 0 0 0 80 15 15 0 0 70 60 Rape Pigweed 95 60 60 90 70 30 90 95 75 98 90 85 80 85 Ragweed 95 80 30 40 90 0 85 90 75 90 85 70 75 75 Ryegrass, 90 75 5 70 60 50 60 95 70 90 85 90 85 85 Italian Soybean 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 0 0 Velvetleaf 85 100 45 5 20 5 25 85 50 85 80 30 85 85 Waterhemp 95 65 45 80 10 5 40 75 70 55 95 85 60 75 Wheat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 30 0 0 0 0 62 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 29 32 33 34 35 36 37 40 41 42 47 51 52 54 Barnyard- 25 30 25 25 20 25 20 15 35 30 55 5 5 30 grass Blackgrass 50 60 0 10 45 5 40 15 35 35 20 0 10 5 Chickweed 95 95 90 90 95 95 90 60 95 100 90 55 90 95 Corn 10 20 5 5 5 0 10 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 Crabgrass, 20 30 20 10 20 30 20 5 10 15 30 5 0 25 Large Foxtail, 35 50 40 20 75 55 35 15 15 30 65 5 5 55 Giant Galium 95 100 90 95 95 95 95 85 100 90 90 90 100 98 Johnsongrass 5 25 5 5 20 5 5 5 10 5 10 0 10 5 Kochia 60 50 5 45 40 55 0 80 100 100 90 15 0 90 Lambs- 85 90 95 90 70 98 90 70 95 95 85 50 60 95 quarters Morning- 100 100 95 98 100 98 95 65 95 100 100 55 100 98 glory Nutsedge, 35 80 15 60 85 40 40 15 65 75 70 70 80 35 Yellow Oat, Wild 55 90 30 85 60 60 80 50 90 90 10 5 0 50 Oilseed 0 60 55 30 10 40 20 30 0 5 0 5 0 80 Rape Pigweed 95 90 50 85 55 85 100 65 75 95 90 65 5 95 Ragweed 90 90 95 98 40 90 95 75 85 85 98 5 65 95 Ryegrass, 80 90 45 80 55 60 85 65 90 90 10 50 40 80 Italian Soybean 10 25 0 5 5 0 5 60 15 5 10 0 0 5 Velvetleaf 80 70 60 80 100 85 70 10 65 85 90 20 25 90 Waterhemp 80 80 30 85 45 95 80 65 75 85 75 50 10 90 Wheat 5 15 0 5 5 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 50 62 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 56 57 59 60 65 66 67 69 72 73 75 78 79 80 Barnyard- 5 95 30 25 15 20 35 35 40 40 25 25 25 30 grass Blackgrass 5 5 80 60 5 15 60 20 70 85 5 5 10 35 Chickweed 10 95 98 95 90 95 95 90 90 90 90 60 90 95 Corn 0 5 45 25 5 0 5 0 10 20 5 0 0 5 Crabgrass, 5 20 20 35 20 30 35 25 25 35 10 5 25 25 Large Foxtail, 0 70 60 60 20 55 75 10 70 65 5 5 60 55 Giant Galium 85 95 98 100 85 95 95 95 95 90 90 80 95 95 Johnsongrass 0 5 5 35 5 5 5 10 5 5 5 5 5 5 Kochia 90 65 85 90 90 90 30 90 85 90 85 70 90 90 Lambs- 50 70 95 90 95 100 95 90 85 95 100 70 95 95 quarters Morning- 50 100 100 98 85 95 95 95 90 90 100 40 100 100 glory Nutsedge, 5 90 85 85 50 70 70 65 60 80 20 25 80 80 Yellow Oat, Wild 10 35 75 95 35 80 85 60 95 90 35 50 60 90 Oilseed 0 0 50 5 0 10 50 10 35 70 70 0 25 50 Rape Pigweed 75 80 95 85 90 98 85 85 90 85 95 60 98 90 Ragweed 0 90 95 90 85 85 75 90 90 90 85 20 95 90 Ryegrass, 60 30 90 90 80 80 80 90 90 90 80 65 60 85 Italian Soybean 0 0 15 20 5 10 5 25 15 15 35 0 0 15 Velvetleaf 0 95 85 85 20 75 85 80 85 85 50 10 85 90 Waterhemp 75 65 90 90 75 90 70 90 65 75 100 90 90 80 Wheat 0 0 20 5 0 0 0 0 30 30 0 5 0 5 62 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 89 90 91 97 98 99 100 Barnyard- 35 25 25 20 45 25 40 15 35 30 5 85 25 25 grass Blackgrass 85 35 80 35 80 35 80 0 15 5 0 30 30 5 Chickweed 90 90 95 90 95 90 100 95 90 98 0 100 90 90 Corn 5 30 5 20 0 5 0 5 10 0 0 0 5 10 Crabgrass, 35 20 25 10 30 10 20 5 15 20 5 25 20 15 Large Foxtail, 85 25 85 55 85 55 85 10 25 45 5 95 15 45 Giant Galium 95 95 90 95 100 95 100 95 95 90 80 95 95 95 Johnson- 5 5 5 5 15 5 5 0 10 5 0 5 10 0 grass Kochia 75 90 60 90 70 90 50 90 100 90 0 20 85 90 Lambs- 95 98 85 90 98 98 85 90 98 100 20 100 75 90 quarters Morning- 100 100 90 98 98 98 100 95 100 100 40 100 95 100 glory Nutsedge, 85 80 80 85 85 80 85 60 80 40 0 15 55 25 Yellow Oat, Wild 90 85 90 90 90 90 95 10 70 70 5 80 70 70 Oilseed 65 40 0 45 10 50 5 0 0 90 0 0 5 60 Rape Pigweed 85 90 85 90 85 90 85 75 80 90 50 100 75 85 Ragweed 75 98 85 90 85 95 85 90 85 98 10 98 90 95 Ryegrass, 85 85 90 80 90 80 90 75 90 80 30 45 90 90 Italian Soybean 0 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 50 5 0 10 5 5 Velvetleaf 85 80 90 90 85 85 85 75 75 75 20 70 85 50 Waterhemp 60 98 85 85 65 80 85 40 100 50 5 100 75 90 Wheat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 10 0 0 62 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 102 104 105 106 107 108 109 111 113 114 115 121 123 125 Barnyard- 20 35 25 15 50 35 30 30 35 35 20 20 25 40 grass Blackgrass 5 35 40 50 5 35 25 5 25 0 10 15 35 45 Chickweed 95 98 95 98 90 90 95 98 90 95 75 90 90 95 Corn 0 80 15 10 10 40 15 10 10 0 5 5 15 0 Crabgrass, 10 30 30 40 20 10 40 20 15 20 20 5 35 35 Large Foxtail, 35 70 50 75 55 40 50 45 25 20 15 50 20 90 Giant Galium 95 95 98 95 95 98 100 95 95 95 90 90 95 95 Johnson- 0 5 0 10 0 0 5 10 10 5 10 5 10 5 grass Kochia 0 95 95 85 85 95 95 85 98 90 90 90 95 90 Lambs- 70 98 85 90 90 95 100 100 98 95 90 95 98 98 quarters Morning- 100 100 98 98 98 100 98 100 100 100 85 98 90 95 glory Nutsedge, 55 45 70 85 80 60 50 40 70 10 60 40 75 85 Yellow Oat, Wild 5 90 60 90 20 90 80 70 90 60 60 90 85 90 Oilseed 0 70 30 80 55 90 90 10 0 85 0 60 0 0 Rape Pigweed 80 98 98 80 95 95 95 90 75 85 70 85 80 95 Ragweed 95 90 95 85 90 95 95 90 95 90 85 90 90 98 Ryegrass, 5 90 90 90 50 90 90 90 95 70 90 90 90 90 Italian Soybean 10 0 0 0 5 5 15 5 30 0 20 0 10 5 Velvetleaf 75 85 85 85 98 85 80 80 95 55 25 35 75 90 Waterhemp 60 90 100 80 85 85 85 45 90 55 75 65 90 95 Wheat 0 5 0 0 0 5 5 10 15 5 5 5 5 15 62 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 126 127 129 130 132 133 134 136 137 138 139 143 145 151 Barnyard- 30 20 65 30 30 30 20 25 40 25 20 25 15 50 grass Blackgrass 5 5 40 35 5 35 45 5 0 5 50 5 0 35 Chickweed 90 90 98 95 90 — — — — — — 70 — 98 Corn 10 0 20 5 5 5 10 5 15 0 0 0 5 25 Crabgrass, 20 5 30 15 15 5 10 20 30 20 10 10 10 40 Large Foxtail, 15 5 75 20 40 25 25 45 60 60 30 5 25 75 Giant Galium 95 80 100 95 95 95 95 90 90 90 95 90 95 95 Johnson- 10 5 15 5 5 10 10 5 10 10 5 25 10 20 grass Kochia 90 85 60 95 90 100 100 95 100 95 100 60 98 30 Lambs- 95 80 95 98 90 98 98 90 90 90 95 60 98 98 quarters Morning- 95 75 100 80 80 100 100 98 98 100 100 65 98 98 glory Nutsedge, 60 35 75 75 55 90 80 55 85 65 75 40 90 85 Yellow Oat, Wild 80 20 90 80 60 90 90 75 70 80 90 55 95 90 Oilseed 80 0 0 0 10 98 100 98 98 98 95 0 98 20 Rape Pigweed 90 85 95 70 55 98 100 80 98 85 95 65 100 70 Ragweed 90 55 90 90 95 0 5 0 20 0 0 30 0 85 Ryegrass, 85 75 90 90 85 10 15 10 30 5 10 60 15 85 Italian Soybean 10 10 10 15 0 40 70 10 10 10 55 15 40 25 Velvetleaf 85 30 95 70 40 90 90 95 90 90 80 25 90 65 Waterhemp 90 85 70 85 60 100 100 80 65 95 100 55 100 75 Wheat 0 5 35 5 0 35 50 45 90 40 55 35 50 0 62 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 153 154 161 162 164 165 171 176 Barnyard- 60 85 35 20 25 15 35 5 grass Blackgrass 85 65 40 15 15 15 30 0 Chickweed 95 90 70 90 90 90 90 — Corn 35 5 5 0 0 0 0 10 Crabgrass, 50 70 5 5 5 5 20 5 Large Foxtail, 85 90 5 15 10 5 25 15 Giant Galium 95 95 80 90 95 85 95 5 Johnson- 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 grass Kochia 70 50 70 80 85 40 95 90 Lambs- 90 85 90 95 85 75 95 80 quarters Morning- 100 98 90 85 85 70 100 85 glory Nutsedge, 90 60 10 25 20 30 75 5 Yellow Oat, Wild 95 80 50 60 45 45 90 5 Oilseed 90 90 70 0 0 0 0 95 Rape Pigweed 75 85 80 80 80 70 80 30 Ragweed 90 75 80 85 80 55 100 0 Ryegrass, 95 90 80 70 60 50 95 0 Italian Soybean 10 20 30 0 0 10 30 10 Velvetleaf 85 85 65 15 60 25 70 25 Waterhemp 65 80 90 65 70 70 95 40 Wheat 20 5 0 10 5 5 15 5 31 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 1 2 10 11 14 16 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 Barnyard- 0 10 35 0 5 5 5 35 5 40 15 20 15 20 grass Blackgrass 20 45 0 5 0 0 5 80 0 50 30 50 50 50 Chickweed 95 95 90 60 90 75 90 95 90 100 90 95 95 95 Corn 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 10 5 0 0 5 Crabgrass, 20 10 10 0 5 5 5 30 0 5 5 5 5 25 Large Foxtail, 35 20 70 5 20 55 0 55 10 30 35 15 60 60 Giant Galium 90 95 5 75 50 60 98 98 90 95 90 90 100 100 Johnson- 0 5 0 0 0 0 5 10 5 5 0 5 10 5 grass Kochia 95 50 60 85 85 0 50 80 90 95 95 80 75 70 Lambs- 85 85 50 80 80 10 80 85 70 85 90 75 85 85 quarters Morning- 100 100 55 70 65 45 100 85 100 100 100 98 100 95 glory Nutsedge, — 80 — 5 — — 45 85 35 60 65 5 85 75 Yellow Oat, Wild 50 75 5 40 10 5 0 90 40 85 60 60 85 95 Oilseed 0 65 0 0 0 0 0 65 5 5 0 0 5 5 Rape Pigweed 95 80 55 50 55 40 75 70 85 90 90 75 55 60 Ragweed 90 80 5 0 15 0 80 85 70 85 90 15 70 65 Ryegrass, 80 60 5 70 40 10 55 90 60 85 70 85 80 80 Italian Soybean 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 Velvetleaf 80 100 40 0 10 5 25 75 20 70 70 5 80 70 Waterhemp 95 65 40 80 5 5 70 40 75 80 75 75 65 60 Wheat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 31 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 29 32 33 34 35 36 37 40 41 42 47 51 52 54 Barnyard- 15 10 25 20 20 15 25 5 25 20 15 5 5 15 grass Blackgrass 40 30 0 10 15 5 35 5 30 30 0 0 0 15 Chickweed 95 90 85 90 95 80 90 55 95 90 90 50 95 95 Corn 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 Crabgrass, 10 10 10 5 20 25 10 5 5 10 20 0 0 20 Large Foxtail, 30 15 20 10 50 30 25 5 15 25 50 5 0 20 Giant Galium 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 80 100 95 80 85 90 95 Johnson- 0 5 0 5 20 0 0 0 5 5 10 0 5 5 grass Kochia 60 50 20 10 30 50 0 70 100 90 75 0 0 50 Lambs- 80 85 90 90 80 90 90 70 90 85 85 5 55 95 quarters Morning- 85 90 85 85 100 90 90 55 95 75 100 5 98 95 glory Nutsedge, 25 55 5 45 75 20 20 0 65 65 40 35 60 10 Yellow Oat, Wild 60 70 35 80 40 50 60 35 55 75 5 0 0 45 Oilseed 0 10 40 30 — 40 40 5 0 0 0 0 0 70 Rape Pigweed 95 75 30 90 60 70 85 35 65 85 90 60 30 85 Ragweed 80 85 85 85 25 90 90 45 70 90 80 10 55 90 Ryegrass, 70 85 30 80 35 55 80 50 80 65 0 35 10 50 Italian Soybean 0 15 0 5 0 0 10 5 15 0 0 0 0 5 Velvetleaf 35 10 10 50 100 65 20 5 30 45 70 5 5 45 Waterhemp 70 70 25 85 25 85 85 65 75 75 90 30 10 85 Wheat 5 5 0 5 0 0 30 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 31 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 56 57 59 60 65 66 67 69 72 73 75 78 79 80 Barnyard- 0 90 20 20 10 15 25 25 35 25 25 15 20 25 grass Blackgrass 0 5 65 50 5 10 40 15 60 40 5 0 5 15 Chickweed 5 90 90 90 55 90 90 90 90 90 95 30 90 90 Corn 0 0 5 10 5 0 5 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 Crabgrass, 0 10 15 15 5 25 35 5 10 30 5 5 20 10 Large Foxtail, 0 70 45 45 10 40 70 5 50 40 5 15 35 25 Giant Galium 80 95 95 100 85 90 90 90 80 90 90 70 95 90 Johnson- 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 grass Kochia 70 50 95 90 90 90 0 90 60 90 90 45 50 90 Lambs- 0 70 90 85 90 90 85 85 85 90 100 40 85 95 quarters Morning- 35 95 95 90 75 90 95 90 80 75 98 20 100 100 glory Nutsedge, 0 90 65 85 25 65 65 40 30 80 25 0 85 65 Yellow Oat, Wild 5 20 80 85 25 55 80 45 85 75 40 35 50 90 Oilseed 0 0 5 5 0 0 40 40 40 10 70 0 20 5 Rape Pigweed 80 60 90 85 90 95 100 70 85 80 85 50 90 85 Ragweed 0 60 90 85 55 85 70 70 80 85 95 10 90 98 Ryegrass, 40 25 85 90 65 60 80 85 85 85 80 55 50 80 Italian Soybean 0 0 0 15 5 0 5 10 10 0 20 0 0 0 Velvetleaf 0 90 80 40 10 55 70 40 45 40 70 0 75 70 Waterhemp 55 50 85 65 60 98 60 85 70 75 100 75 85 85 Wheat 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 30 10 0 0 0 0 31 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 89 90 91 97 98 99 100 Barnyard- 25 20 25 10 25 25 35 5 30 25 0 60 25 10 grass Blackgrass 60 10 40 10 70 10 40 0 10 0 0 5 20 5 Chickweed 90 90 90 90 90 90 95 90 90 95 0 95 90 90 Corn 0 35 5 0 0 5 0 5 5 0 0 5 0 5 Crabgrass, 25 10 20 5 35 5 25 0 5 15 0 10 20 5 Large Foxtail, 80 35 75 40 75 35 80 5 20 10 5 90 5 20 Giant Galium 90 90 90 90 95 90 95 90 90 90 45 95 90 90 Johnson- 5 5 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 grass Kochia 40 90 40 85 30 90 30 85 95 75 0 0 20 80 Lambs- 95 90 95 90 85 95 85 85 95 98 0 98 75 80 quarters Morning- 95 100 98 90 98 98 95 90 100 100 10 100 75 100 glory Nutsedge, 70 65 85 80 75 70 65 40 70 20 0 10 30 5 Yellow Oat, Wild 85 55 90 85 90 85 90 5 70 50 5 70 60 50 Oilseed 45 35 50 5 5 10 20 0 0 60 0 0 0 30 Rape Pigweed 80 85 80 85 85 75 65 80 75 98 20 100 75 75 Ragweed 70 90 70 85 75 90 80 80 85 75 0 100 70 98 Ryegrass, 85 80 80 80 85 80 80 45 85 60 10 40 85 65 Italian Soybean 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 5 0 0 Velvetleaf 75 70 85 60 75 75 75 25 35 50 0 55 35 20 Waterhemp 60 85 85 80 85 85 60 30 85 50 5 98 75 85 Wheat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 10 0 0 31 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 102 104 105 106 107 108 109 111 113 114 115 121 123 125 Barnyard- 20 20 10 15 35 20 25 10 25 30 10 20 20 35 grass Blackgrass 0 15 15 45 0 15 20 0 15 0 0 0 15 20 Chickweed 95 90 90 95 90 90 80 95 90 90 80 90 90 95 Corn 0 5 10 0 5 5 0 5 5 0 5 0 10 5 Crabgrass, 5 20 20 25 15 5 35 10 5 10 10 10 10 25 Large Foxtail, 20 50 40 70 15 30 45 15 20 10 5 20 20 70 Giant Galium 90 95 95 95 95 90 98 95 95 95 85 90 95 95 Johnson- 0 10 5 5 0 0 0 10 0 5 5 0 5 5 grass Kochia 0 95 95 70 70 90 95 80 95 30 70 90 95 85 Lambs- 75 90 85 85 85 90 95 90 98 95 70 90 95 90 quarters Morning- 100 98 100 100 95 98 95 100 98 95 55 98 95 95 glory Nutsedge, 20 55 55 65 80 30 45 35 70 10 40 45 55 35 Yellow Oat, Wild 5 80 60 50 20 80 80 55 90 40 55 65 70 85 Oilseed 0 85 5 60 25 80 70 80 0 15 0 70 0 0 Rape Pigweed 75 95 85 70 85 90 95 85 65 80 30 75 65 95 Ragweed 95 85 90 80 85 90 80 98 90 90 60 75 75 95 Ryegrass, 0 90 85 85 40 90 90 85 90 60 90 85 90 85 Italian Soybean 0 0 5 0 0 10 0 0 15 0 10 0 10 0 Velvetleaf 30 50 75 80 75 70 75 40 70 25 15 10 65 85 Waterhemp 25 70 80 65 75 85 80 40 85 25 65 60 80 85 Wheat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 0 5 5 0 31 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 126 127 129 130 132 133 134 136 137 138 139 143 144 145 Barnyard- 25 10 50 30 15 15 10 15 25 25 25 20 65 20 grass Blackgrass 5 0 35 30 5 45 50 10 0 5 20 5 35 5 Chickweed 90 50 98 90 90 — — — — — — 45 — — Corn 10 0 0 5 0 5 5 0 5 0 5 5 30 10 Crabgrass, 10 0 20 10 15 0 5 10 30 15 20 10 30 15 Large Foxtail, 5 5 60 20 30 25 15 35 45 35 20 5 70 20 Giant Galium 90 75 95 95 90 90 95 90 85 90 95 65 95 90 Johnson- 10 5 10 5 0 5 10 5 10 10 5 10 10 10 grass Kochia 90 40 50 95 85 98 95 95 100 90 95 30 98 95 Lambs- 80 70 95 90 90 95 100 90 90 90 98 50 90 98 quarters Morning- 95 65 98 75 65 100 98 98 100 98 98 50 98 95 glory Nutsedge, 35 10 60 55 30 75 75 15 65 45 55 10 75 70 Yellow Oat, Wild 60 10 85 60 40 90 90 50 70 50 90 40 90 95 Oilseed 60 0 0 0 5 95 95 95 95 95 95 0 95 98 Rape Pigweed 85 70 95 50 50 80 80 75 90 80 80 50 90 70 Ragweed 85 10 90 85 65 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 35 0 Ryegrass, 80 50 70 90 80 5 5 5 10 5 5 55 70 5 Italian Soybean 5 0 0 10 0 55 75 5 10 10 45 0 25 40 Velvetleaf 30 20 85 75 30 85 80 75 85 85 70 20 85 85 Waterhemp 75 70 75 70 40 95 98 80 85 90 98 40 95 95 Wheat 0 0 10 0 0 25 30 35 75 60 45 5 95 40 31 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 151 153 154 161 162 164 165 171 176 Barnyard- 40 40 70 20 10 10 10 15 5 grass Blackgrass 45 80 60 10 10 5 5 5 0 Chickweed 95 90 90 65 90 80 70 90 — Corn 20 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 Crabgrass, 35 55 65 0 0 0 0 5 10 Large Foxtail, 60 80 85 0 5 5 0 10 5 Giant Galium 95 95 95 80 90 90 85 95 0 Johnson- 10 10 5 10 5 5 0 5 5 grass Kochia 60 40 50 70 70 60 45 95 90 Lambs- 95 85 90 80 85 70 70 90 60 quarters Morning- 98 98 95 90 60 80 75 90 85 glory Nutsedge, 80 85 70 5 20 20 20 50 5 Yellow Oat, Wild 70 90 55 60 50 35 40 65 0 Oilseed 65 90 75 50 0 0 0 0 95 Rape Pigweed 75 85 65 80 75 70 75 60 20 Ragweed 60 70 70 70 70 70 40 75 0 Ryegrass, 60 90 80 70 60 50 40 90 0 Italian Soybean 5 5 10 15 0 0 10 10 5 Velvetleaf 60 85 70 45 5 25 20 35 0 Waterhemp 55 70 75 85 45 60 65 75 20 Wheat 0 15 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 16 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 35 40 143 144 151 Barnyard- 10 5 15 35 30 grass Blackgrass 5 5 0 20 40 Chickweed 90 50 30 — 95 Corn 0 0 0  5 25 Crabgrass, 5 5 5 25 30 Large Foxtail, 35 5 5 60 40 Giant Galium 90 30 60 90 95 Johnson- 15 0 10 10 5 grass Kochia 30 20 0 98 10 Lambs- 75 50 10 90 80 quarters Morning- 100 5 30 98 98 glory Nutsedge, 60 0 10 60 55 Yellow Oat, Wild 30 5 30 90 50 Oilseed 0 0 60 95 50 Rape Pigweed 25 15 50 85 55 Ragweed 0 25 0 35 35 Ryegrass, 30 10 45 45 40 Italian Soybean 0 35 0 25 5 Velvetleaf 75 5 30 90 60 Waterhemp 30 20 25 90 55 Wheat 0 0 0 95 0 8 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 35 144 151 Barnyard- 10 25 25 grass Blackgrass 0 30 10 Chickweed 90 — 90 Corn 0  0 20 Crabgrass, 5 20 5 Large Foxtail, 25 50 20 Giant Galium 90 90 95 Johnson- 10 10 5 grass Kochia — 90 0 Lambs- 35 90 80 quarters Morning- 100 95 95 glory Nutsedge, 45 60 55 Yellow Oat, Wild 10 90 35 Oilseed 0 95 30 Rape Pigweed 35 85 65 Ragweed 0 10 10 Ryegrass, 10 35 40 Italian Soybean 0 40 0 Velvetleaf 60 70 15 Waterhemp 0 90 30 Wheat 0 90 0 4 g ai/ha Post- Compound emergence 144 Barnyard- 15 grass Blackgrass 30 Corn 0 Crabgrass, 20 Large Foxtail, 45 Giant Galium 80 Johnson- 20 grass Kochia 90 Lambs- 80 quarters Morning- 90 glory Nutsedge, 10 Yellow Oat, Wild 80 Oilseed 85 Rape Pigweed 80 Ragweed 10 Ryegrass, 20 Italian Soybean 45 Velvetleaf 50 Waterhemp 90 Wheat 90 250 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 1 2 10 11 20 21 22 23 25 27 28 29 32 34 Barnyard- 90 98 5 80 85 100 60 85 85 90 95 90 100 75 grass Blackgrass 90 95 0 85 80 90 45 90 90 90 90 85 90 90 Corn 5 10 5 0 35 65 35 65 10 0 15 45 35 0 Crabgrass, 100 95 0 40 60 100 35 95 90 98 85 90 100 30 Large Foxtail, 100 100 0 90 85 100 85 100 100 100 100 95 85 70 Giant Galium 100 100 45 95 95 100 95 100 98 95 95 98 98 100 Johnson- 5 5 0 0 10 50 0 35 20 25 10 20 45 20 grass Lambs- 100 100 30 100 90 100 90 95 95 98 90 90 90 75 quarters Morningglory 100 100 55 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 98 98 95 Nutsedge, 75 95 0 30 95 85 70 90 80 95 70 85 60 65 Yellow Oilseed 20 65 0 0 20 100 80 100 35 98 90 70 100 90 Rape Pigweed 100 100 30 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Ragweed 98 98 5 90 75 100 100 90 95 95 90 90 98 95 Ryegrass, 100 98 80 100 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 90 95 95 Italian Soybean 0 0 0 0 30 20 5 55 5 0 50 0 55 5 Velvetleaf 98 100 50 90 100 98 98 100 98 98 95 100 90 98 Waterhemp 100 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Wheat 20 10 0 10 30 40 0 90 5 10 10 50 70 25 250 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 36 37 41 42 47 54 57 59 60 66 67 69 72 73 Barnyard- 70 80 95 80 100 85 100 95 90 70 80 75 80 85 grass Blackgrass 30 90 90 90 90 80 80 98 90 30 60 35 90 90 Corn 0 20 40 35 5 0 35 65 45 0 0 5 20 25 Crabgrass, 65 25 70 85 95 60 100 100 95 85 65 10 85 75 Large Foxtail, 85 85 85 100 100 90 100 100 100 85 100 60 85 95 Giant Galium 100 100 98 98 98 100 98 98 100 98 90 98 95 98 Johnson- 5 0 35 30 0 10 0 65 60 65 30 35 85 55 grass Lambs- 80 90 90 90 100 80 100 95 90 98 85 95 90 90 quarters Morning- 95 98 98 98 95 98 100 100 100 90 90 90 90 95 glory Nutsedge, 65 60 80 80 85 70 95 90 85 65 70 90 70 95 Yellow Oilseed 95 90 100 20 10 100 60 95 90 5 20 40 80 85 Rape Pigweed 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 85 100 98 Ragweed 95 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 95 98 95 95 98 Ryegrass, 85 95 95 90 50 90 85 100 95 90 90 90 90 90 Italian Soybean 20 65 55 5 30 20 0 25 75 0 0 5 0 0 Velvetleaf 90 90 98 98 100 95 100 100 98 85 75 90 85 85 Waterhemp 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 85 95 90 95 Wheat 0 45 65 5 0 0 5 85 70 40 0 5 40 60 250 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 75 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 89 90 91 97 Barnyard- 85 85 85 98 90 90 85 90 85 100 65 95 95 35 grass Blackgrass 30 85 90 90 80 90 85 90 90 90 45 55 60 5 Corn 10 5 25 30 25 10 0 10 10 20 0 30 25 0 Crabgrass, 50 30 75 98 80 85 85 85 85 80 75 85 85 60 Large Foxtail, 75 95 98 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 75 95 98 55 Giant Galium 98 98 95 95 95 95 98 95 98 98 98 — 98 90 Johnson- 10 30 35 98 40 70 30 40 40 60 5 65 25 0 grass Lambs- 90 100 98 95 98 100 100 100 100 90 90 100 100 25 quarters Morning- 100 98 98 95 95 98 95 98 95 100 90 98 98 30 glory Nutsedge, 75 90 80 95 90 95 80 80 80 95 90 90 90 0 Yellow Oilseed 98 30 0 95 85 50 80 90 80 30 90 90 100 0 Rape Pigweed 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 65 Ragweed 100 100 100 98 95 95 98 98 90 98 90 95 100 10 Ryegrass, 90 90 90 90 90 90 95 90 90 90 90 95 95 30 Italian Soybean 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 5 100 20 20 Velvetleaf 98 95 95 98 90 90 90 90 90 85 85 95 100 30 Waterhemp 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 75 100 85 20 Wheat 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 10 0 40 40 0 250 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 99 102 104 105 106 107 108 109 111 113 114 116 121 125 Barnyard- 85 85 80 90 95 98 85 80 85 95 95 95 60 98 grass Blackgrass 90 70 60 90 85 10 85 90 20 60 10 35 60 90 Corn 30 30 10 25 20 15 15 0 15 35 5 25 5 55 Crabgrass, 80 55 60 80 80 85 70 80 80 90 80 90 35 98 Large Foxtail, 90 90 100 100 100 98 95 90 — — — — 95 100 Giant Galium 98 95 98 98 95 95 95 90 100 98 100 100 100 100 Johnson- 20 0 30 60 15 20 20 65 20 30 0 10 10 70 grass Lambs- 95 100 95 95 100 95 100 100 95 100 95 95 100 100 quarters Morning- 95 98 98 95 98 98 98 98 98 100 90 98 90 98 glory Nutsedge, 90 75 85 85 90 90 80 80 90 85 95 95 50 90 Yellow Oilseed 98 35 95 10 90 80 90 90 100 90 100 100 85 100 Rape Pigweed 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Ragweed 95 100 100 100 95 100 98 100 98 95 98 100 98 100 Ryegrass, 100 70 95 95 90 30 95 95 95 95 95 90 100 95 Italian Soybean 20 5 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 80 — 5 0 35 Velvetleaf 95 100 90 95 90 90 90 90 100 100 100 100 95 100 Waterhemp 100 85 100 100 90 98 100 100 85 98 80 100 100 100 Wheat 65 25 0 5 0 5 10 15 40 50 35 15 15 90 250 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 129 131 132 133 134 136 137 138 139 145 152 153 154 161 Barnyard- 90 35 45 95 90 95 100 98 95 95 70 100 95 30 grass Blackgrass 80 90 50 50 75 90 90 90 90 60 35 95 90 45 Corn 40 15 10 10 5 5 55 15 15 15 15 65 5 5 Crabgrass, 85 80 40 65 60 95 80 80 50 55 10 100 100 40 Large Foxtail, 98 98 98 90 80 98 100 100 95 95 90 100 100 80 Giant Galium 98 95 98 100 98 100 100 98 100 98 100 100 100 95 Johnson- 25 20 25 40 5 10 20 20 25 5 5 70 75 10 grass Lambs- 90 95 100 95 100 100 95 100 98 100 98 98 95 80 quarters Morning- 98 95 90 95 100 98 98 98 98 100 90 98 90 85 glory Nutsedge, 95 75 75 95 90 80 95 90 90 90 85 95 85 60 Yellow Oilseed 90 80 90 90 98 100 90 100 100 98 100 100 98 90 Rape Pigweed 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Ragweed 95 98 100 98 98 100 100 95 100 90 90 100 95 85 Ryegrass, 95 95 95 100 100 90 100 95 100 100 90 95 90 85 Italian Soybean 20 0 0 80 75 20 30 15 80 80 10 45 20 100 Velvetleaf 98 95 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 90 85 80 Waterhemp 100 100 98 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 75 100 100 95 Wheat 85 20 50 40 40 45 90 5 10 5 85 50 30 0 250 g ai/ha Pre- Compound emergence 171 Barnyard- 95 grass Blackgrass 90 Corn 40 Crabgrass, 80 Large Foxtail, — Giant Galium 100 Johnson- 35 grass Lambs- 100 quarters Morning- 98 glory Nutsedge, 90 Yellow Oilseed 90 Rape Pigweed 100 Ragweed 98 Ryegrass, 95 Italian Soybean 70 Velvetleaf 100 Waterhemp 100 Wheat 70 125 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 1 2 10 11 20 21 22 23 25 27 28 29 32 34 Barnyard- 25 95 5 10 60 100 5 85 70 90 90 80 85 65 grass Blackgrass 90 95 0 50 40 90 40 90 90 90 90 85 90 85 Corn 0 0 0 0 5 40 0 30 0 5 30 0 0 10 Crabgrass, 80 98 0 40 15 85 0 75 95 95 80 55 70 25 Large Foxtail, 100 98 0 50 65 100 55 85 90 100 100 90 85 75 Giant Galium 95 100 5 90 95 98 95 100 95 95 95 98 100 90 Johnson- 5 5 0 0 0 35 0 35 5 5 5 25 10 0 grass Lambs- 100 100 — 100 85 98 90 95 85 95 85 80 85 80 quarters Morning- 100 98 25 100 98 100 100 95 95 100 98 95 98 85 glory Nutsedge, 70 70 0 10 95 85 70 85 70 90 85 85 45 35 Yellow Oilseed — 65 0 0 0 100 5 90 5 98 85 5 90 90 Rape Pigweed 100 100 10 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 Ragweed 100 100 0 80 70 100 90 95 98 100 95 85 95 90 Ryegrass, 100 98 25 100 95 90 95 95 95 90 95 90 95 85 Italian Soybean 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 5 0 10 0 0 40 0 Velvetleaf 100 100 10 90 100 98 75 100 90 85 90 100 85 85 Waterhemp 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 85 100 100 100 Wheat 5 0 0 0 35 30 0 90 0 0 0 45 50 5 125 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 36 37 41 42 47 54 57 59 60 66 67 69 72 73 Barnyard- 65 70 85 60 85 65 100 90 85 40 40 20 55 70 grass Blackgrass 20 90 85 90 40 55 70 90 90 35 40 60 70 85 Corn 0 0 5 10 0 10 0 50 30 0 0 0 0 5 Crabgrass, 20 20 65 80 60 75 98 85 85 75 10 10 65 75 Large Foxtail, 85 85 85 90 85 75 90 98 100 80 98 25 85 85 Giant Galium 100 95 98 95 98 100 95 98 98 95 90 90 95 95 Johnson- 5 5 35 5 0 5 0 45 40 55 10 30 80 35 grass Lambs- 85 85 100 85 100 80 100 95 95 85 85 90 85 80 quarters Morning- 90 90 95 98 100 95 100 100 98 80 80 85 90 90 glory Nutsedge, 20 40 75 40 75 25 90 85 85 30 55 25 60 50 Yellow Oilseed 60 60 40 5 0 90 30 95 90 0 0 0 80 90 Rape Pigweed 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 98 100 Ragweed 95 95 95 95 98 95 100 100 95 90 100 90 100 95 Ryegrass, 35 90 95 90 45 80 70 100 95 80 85 90 90 90 Italian Soybean 30 20 50 0 10 0 0 15 65 0 0 5 0 0 Velvetleaf 85 85 95 90 100 90 95 98 95 70 60 75 80 85 Waterhemp 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 65 100 90 90 Wheat 0 5 50 0 0 0 0 75 45 0 0 0 30 35 125 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 75 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 89 90 91 97 Barnyard- 50 65 75 80 70 85 60 80 65 85 25 75 20 0 grass Blackgrass 30 60 80 90 65 80 90 90 85 90 40 50 60 0 Corn 0 5 10 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 0 Crabgrass, 25 20 40 90 70 70 70 80 80 80 25 75 50 0 Large Foxtail, 70 85 85 98 90 100 90 100 90 98 65 90 90 5 Giant Galium 90 95 95 95 90 95 95 95 98 98 98 — 98 0 Johnson- 20 40 30 45 60 60 5 65 40 60 0 60 0 0 grass Lambs- 85 100 90 85 98 95 100 90 85 90 98 85 80 20 quarters Morning- 95 98 90 90 95 95 95 95 95 95 85 98 90 20 glory Nutsedge, 65 90 80 80 60 85 70 75 85 95 80 85 80 0 Yellow Oilseed 90 30 50 40 0 50 80 40 85 10 30 50 100 0 Rape Pigweed 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 65 Ragweed 90 98 95 95 90 95 95 98 95 95 80 85 90 0 Ryegrass, 90 90 90 90 85 90 85 90 90 90 90 95 95 30 Italian Soybean 45 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 10 10 10 Velvetleaf 90 95 90 85 85 85 85 85 90 85 90 95 85 20 Waterhemp 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 90 100 95 40 100 65 10 Wheat 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 30 0 125 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 99 102 104 105 106 107 108 109 111 113 114 116 121 125 Barnyard- 55 30 40 60 85 80 35 70 55 65 60 70 55 90 grass Blackgrass 90 45 30 55 90 10 60 85 5 55 5 30 45 55 Corn 10 20 15 5 10 10 5 0 0 20 5 60 0 20 Crabgrass, 60 30 55 75 75 75 65 70 85 75 75 50 10 75 Large Foxtail, 65 85 75 90 100 85 85 85 — — — — 90 98 Giant Galium 98 95 90 95 95 90 95 90 100 98 100 100 98 100 Johnson- 0 0 20 20 5 10 30 40 0 20 0 0 0 60 grass Lambs- 100 85 95 90 100 95 90 90 90 90 90 90 98 100 quarters Morning- 90 85 100 100 98 95 98 90 95 98 75 85 85 95 glory Nutsedge, 60 75 75 40 80 70 70 90 75 85 65 85 20 95 Yellow Oilseed 90 10 85 10 30 20 90 85 100 60 100 95 30 85 Rape Pigweed 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 90 100 Ragweed 95 90 95 98 95 85 98 95 90 85 95 95 98 98 Ryegrass, 100 50 90 90 85 35 90 90 85 90 90 70 95 95 Italian Soybean 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 20 0 0 30 Velvetleaf 90 85 90 90 85 85 85 80 95 98 85 100 85 100 Waterhemp 98 75 100 100 80 95 100 100 75 98 65 80 85 100 Wheat 30 — 5 10 0 0 15 10 20 35 5 5 10 90 125 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 129 131 132 133 134 136 137 138 139 145 152 153 154 161 Barnyard- 100 10 35 50 70 90 90 90 75 75 30 100 90 10 grass Blackgrass 70 40 40 50 40 70 30 40 60 60 30 95 85 5 Corn 15 5 0 10 10 0 10 5 10 0 10 40 5 5 Crabgrass, 75 60 10 35 40 60 70 70 20 55 10 98 90 20 Large Foxtail, 95 90 85 75 70 100 95 100 85 75 65 100 100 25 Giant Galium 100 95 90 100 98 100 98 98 100 100 95 100 98 95 Johnson- 10 0 55 30 5 20 20 30 35 5 0 65 50 0 grass Lambs- 85 85 85 95 100 100 100 100 95 100 90 100 85 65 quarters Morning- 90 85 95 90 95 98 90 98 95 98 75 98 85 75 glory Nutsedge, 90 65 45 70 95 70 90 95 85 95 55 80 70 55 Yellow Oilseed 90 85 30 90 90 90 50 90 98 90 95 98 98 90 Rape Pigweed 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 Ragweed 95 98 95 95 95 100 95 98 95 85 75 98 90 30 Ryegrass, 95 95 95 100 100 85 100 90 100 100 90 90 90 85 Italian Soybean 5 0 0 65 65 10 40 20 60 75 5 20 5 0 Velvetleaf 98 85 90 90 90 100 100 98 100 95 65 95 85 50 Waterhemp 100 98 95 95 98 98 95 98 100 98 85 95 95 75 Wheat 55 20 20 10 15 45 90 5 15 0 25 30 0 0 125 g ai/ha Pre- Compound emergence 171 Barnyard- 75 grass Blackgrass 45 Corn 0 Crabgrass, 60 Large Foxtail, — Giant Galium 98 Johnson- 10 grass Lambs- 95 quarters Morning- 95 glory Nutsedge, 70 Yellow Oilseed 50 Rape Pigweed 100 Ragweed 95 Ryegrass, 95 Italian Soybean 55 Velvetleaf 95 Waterhemp 100 Wheat 45 62 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 1 2 10 11 20 21 22 23 25 27 28 29 32 34 Barnyard- 5 70 5 0 30 100 5 85 30 80 75 35 65 55 grass Blackgrass 90 90 0 40 5 90 20 85 85 90 90 50 90 50 Corn 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Crabgrass, 40 55 0 0 15 85 0 45 75 80 60 5 35 10 Large Foxtail, 75 100 0 35 30 100 15 85 85 100 100 75 80 65 Giant Galium 100 100 5 90 100 98 90 100 95 95 95 95 95 95 Johnson- 5 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 0 grass Lambs- 95 100 0 100 85 98 45 85 85 95 85 80 70 90 quarters Morning- 100 100 0 100 98 98 85 90 95 98 98 95 90 80 glory Nutsedge, 35 45 0 5 85 85 45 90 30 90 75 80 45 25 Yellow Oilseed 5 20 0 0 0 100 5 90 0 95 20 0 90 25 Rape Pigweed 100 100 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Ragweed 80 100 0 50 45 100 75 85 95 100 90 85 90 80 Ryegrass, 100 98 0 95 95 90 90 90 95 90 90 90 90 85 Italian Soybean 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 10 10 Velvetleaf 90 95 0 10 90 90 60 90 85 85 85 90 85 80 Waterhemp 100 100 0 100 100 95 80 100 100 85 75 100 100 100 Wheat 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 85 0 0 0 5 45 0 62 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 35 36 37 41 42 47 54 57 59 60 66 67 69 72 Barnyard- 25 25 30 40 30 20 35 90 70 40 20 20 5 20 grass Blackgrass 55 30 30 80 85 30 55 60 90 90 30 30 30 50 Corn 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 — 20 10 0 0 0 0 Crabgrass, 5 20 5 35 70 30 40 35 70 75 65 70 5 80 Large Foxtail, 85 75 75 80 80 50 80 80 95 85 75 80 5 70 Giant Galium 95 100 90 100 90 95 95 90 95 95 90 90 90 90 Johnson- 10 5 0 50 0 0 0 0 25 20 25 20 10 25 grass Lambs- 100 80 60 90 80 100 85 100 90 85 85 80 100 65 quarters Morning- 98 80 80 95 98 100 90 100 100 98 85 80 85 85 glory Nutsedge, 40 20 20 75 60 45 5 30 80 45 35 20 35 10 Yellow Oilseed 90 60 40 50 0 0 90 0 80 85 0 0 0 35 Rape Pigweed 80 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 98 Ragweed 40 90 90 85 90 85 90 95 95 90 85 85 70 90 Ryegrass, 70 30 85 95 90 20 50 65 100 95 50 40 90 90 Italian Soybean 0 0 30 20 0 0 90 0 0 45 0 0 0 0 Velvetleaf 85 80 80 90 90 90 85 80 90 85 60 35 55 45 Waterhemp 50 100 95 95 98 98 100 98 100 100 90 80 95 90 Wheat 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 60 40 0 0 0 0 62 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 73 75 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 89 90 91 Barnyard- 25 25 15 65 70 55 70 25 60 35 40 15 65 15 grass Blackgrass 80 30 50 80 80 60 80 60 85 30 90 40 40 30 Corn 0 5 0 10 10 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 10 Crabgrass, 30 10 25 15 75 20 65 10 85 65 80 0 70 20 Large Foxtail, 70 45 85 85 98 85 100 75 98 80 90 60 75 65 Giant Galium 98 90 95 95 95 90 90 95 90 95 98 98 — 98 Johnson- 10 20 35 5 5 65 75 5 30 25 70 75 55 0 grass Lambs- 70 100 95 90 90 90 85 85 90 80 85 85 80 25 quarters Morning- 90 85 95 90 85 90 90 90 90 90 90 85 85 85 glory Nutsedge, 35 40 45 25 70 60 90 40 85 35 75 75 45 45 Yellow Oilseed 85 70 35 30 5 0 0 0 85 30 20 0 35 98 Rape Pigweed 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 Ragweed 95 85 95 95 95 90 100 95 90 90 85 80 90 75 Ryegrass, 90 90 90 70 90 85 90 85 85 90 90 80 95 70 Italian Soybean 0 20 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 10 Velvetleaf 80 85 85 85 65 80 70 65 80 85 70 80 90 70 Waterhemp 90 100 100 100 85 100 90 100 80 100 100 50 90 60 Wheat 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 62 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 97 99 102 104 105 106 107 108 109 111 113 114 116 121 Barnyard- 0 15 10 25 30 45 45 35 35 20 35 10 30 10 grass Blackgrass 0 70 50 15 50 50 5 0 30 5 50 5 5 45 Corn 0 20 10 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 5 0 0 Crabgrass, 0 35 5 55 50 70 30 70 65 5 35 5 20 10 Large Foxtail, 5 35 75 85 80 95 80 85 85 — — — — 55 Giant Galium 0 — — 85 90 90 90 90 90 80 90 98 85 90 Johnson- 0 0 0 20 20 5 0 5 30 0 10 0 0 0 grass Lambs- 0 80 85 85 85 90 100 90 90 95 85 98 98 80 quarters Morning- 30 85 75 95 90 90 85 90 85 70 95 55 80 55 glory Nutsedge, 0 70 70 45 45 70 50 80 70 20 70 40 35 25 Yellow Oilseed 0 40 10 30 5 0 0 90 85 98 0 98 80 85 Rape Pigweed 35 100 85 100 100 98 100 100 100 90 75 90 100 98 Ragweed 0 90 75 90 90 90 90 90 90 75 95 75 90 95 Ryegrass, 5 90 25 85 90 70 35 85 90 90 95 85 30 90 Italian Soybean 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 — 45 0 0 0 Velvetleaf 0 75 85 80 85 60 60 75 75 70 95 60 85 75 Waterhemp 10 100 65 90 95 75 75 90 90 65 100 75 70 95 Wheat 0 0 5 5 10 0 0 10 10 5 30 0 0 0 62 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 125 129 131 132 133 134 136 137 138 139 145 151 152 153 Barnyard- 70 70 0 5 40 40 50 85 55 55 35 85 5 100 grass Blackgrass 55 30 40 45 60 40 80 40 55 55 30 65 5 90 Corn 0 5 0 0 5 0 5 10 5 0 0 10 10 0 Crabgrass, 45 25 20 0 30 30 5 20 40 30 50 70 0 100 Large Foxtail, 100 90 85 70 65 75 85 85 85 65 60 98 35 100 Giant Galium 100 98 90 90 95 98 98 98 98 90 98 95 45 98 Johnson- 55 5 0 10 35 5 5 5 15 35 5 25 0 50 grass Lambs- 100 80 70 60 90 90 90 100 95 90 90 85 75 100 quarters Morning- 95 90 55 65 85 90 95 85 90 90 80 98 40 90 glory Nutsedge, 95 85 35 35 55 45 35 85 60 60 85 95 20 85 Yellow Oilseed 0 50 40 85 85 90 30 90 90 98 90 98 85 100 Rape Pigweed 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 98 98 100 100 100 Ragweed 100 85 95 85 75 95 98 95 100 90 65 85 40 95 Ryegrass, 95 90 80 90 95 100 55 95 90 100 100 90 50 95 Italian Soybean 5 0 0 0 55 45 10 20 0 35 55 10 5 10 Velvetleaf 100 85 55 60 90 90 95 100 90 85 85 75 40 90 Waterhemp 100 95 98 85 100 98 100 98 100 100 98 45 85 95 Wheat 45 50 0 40 0 0 10 80 35 10 0 0 10 10 62 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 154 161 171 Barnyard- 80 0 35 grass Blackgrass 50 0 40 Corn 5 5 0 Crabgrass, 85 30 45 Large Foxtail, 95 25 — Giant Galium 95 70 90 Johnson- 45 0 5 grass Lambs- 60 40 95 quarters Morning- 85 40 90 glory Nutsedge, 20 20 55 Yellow Oilseed 85 20 5 Rape Pigweed 95 98 60 Ragweed 95 15 80 Ryegrass, 55 40 95 Italian Soybean 5 0 0 Velvetleaf 60 40 90 Waterhemp 85 70 95 Wheat 0 0 5 31 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 1 2 10 11 20 21 22 23 25 27 28 29 32 34 Barnyard- 5 35 0 0 5 80 5 10 0 55 45 10 20 60 grass Blackgrass 60 85 0 35 0 90 5 45 85 85 85 50 70 5 Corn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Crabgrass, 35 55 0 0 10 35 0 5 70 55 25 5 0 0 Large Foxtail, 55 80 0 0 5 100 5 30 75 100 85 75 55 0 Giant Galium 90 95 0 85 90 98 90 98 90 90 95 95 90 95 Johnson- 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 0 0 0 10 0 0 grass Lambs- 80 100 0 70 80 90 25 85 80 70 65 75 80 80 quarters Morning- 95 98 0 100 85 95 30 85 85 85 80 80 80 70 glory Nutsedge, 40 30 0 0 80 75 55 40 40 70 50 15 25 25 Yellow Oilseed 0 0 0 0 0 90 0 50 0 5 0 0 25 10 Rape Pigweed 100 100 0 0 100 100 60 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 Ragweed 90 65 0 15 35 95 30 85 80 80 70 80 85 80 Ryegrass, 95 95 0 90 75 90 90 85 90 85 85 90 85 45 Italian Soybean 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 Velvetleaf 70 75 0 0 60 85 10 85 80 70 55 85 75 70 Waterhemp 100 75 10 90 90 90 75 100 100 80 70 100 98 85 Wheat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 0 0 0 0 15 0 31 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 35 36 37 41 42 47 54 57 59 60 66 67 69 72 Barnyard- 5 10 10 10 0 5 15 5 30 10 0 5 0 10 grass Blackgrass 50 0 10 70 40 0 50 30 85 90 10 60 30 40 Corn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Crabgrass, 5 70 5 30 55 0 40 0 25 20 75 10 0 60 Large Foxtail, 60 75 65 45 75 15 70 45 80 75 70 75 0 60 Giant Galium 90 100 100 90 90 90 95 80 98 90 90 70 50 90 Johnson- 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 10 10 20 0 grass Lambs- 20 70 85 75 85 100 80 100 70 80 80 80 10 60 quarters Morning- 25 80 70 85 85 90 80 100 98 85 80 70 70 75 glory Nutsedge, 20 10 0 60 55 35 5 10 80 45 35 10 5 10 Yellow Oilseed 90 50 0 5 0 0 70 0 65 30 0 0 0 30 Rape Pigweed 75 90 98 75 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 100 90 Ragweed 5 85 85 85 90 50 90 70 90 80 75 60 60 85 Ryegrass, 65 30 50 95 85 0 55 45 100 90 55 30 85 90 Italian Soybean 0 100 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 Velvetleaf 40 55 25 85 85 65 80 50 85 75 15 10 35 30 Waterhemp 40 100 90 85 80 100 98 90 95 100 85 70 85 75 Wheat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 10 0 0 0 0 31 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 73 75 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 89 90 91 Barnyard- 10 5 10 10 30 10 50 5 35 5 35 5 35 0 grass Blackgrass 50 20 20 70 60 50 70 60 50 40 55 5 25 0 Corn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Crabgrass, 0 75 25 10 90 25 75 10 80 10 55 20 35 0 Large Foxtail, 55 5 65 70 80 60 85 70 90 70 85 10 75 5 Giant Galium 90 90 95 90 90 90 90 90 90 95 90 95 — 95 Johnson- 0 0 10 5 25 45 65 5 40 5 50 0 50 0 grass Lambs- 75 65 100 90 75 85 80 60 85 55 60 40 75 10 quarters Morning- 85 70 90 85 80 85 85 85 85 85 85 80 85 25 glory Nutsedge, 0 15 25 20 60 35 85 15 70 10 40 60 55 10 Yellow Oilseed 90 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 30 20 0 30 80 Rape Pigweed 95 85 100 100 98 95 100 100 100 75 90 95 100 70 Ragweed 85 80 90 90 85 85 85 85 80 90 90 30 80 35 Ryegrass, 75 90 20 35 80 80 90 80 85 35 85 20 90 30 Italian Soybean 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Velvetleaf 25 35 80 55 35 65 35 40 50 55 10 70 85 55 Waterhemp 85 100 100 100 85 100 60 100 60 100 100 75 75 25 Wheat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 31 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 97 99 102 104 105 106 107 108 109 111 113 114 116 121 Barnyard- 0 5 5 10 0 25 15 5 10 10 10 5 5 5 grass Blackgrass 0 50 0 5 20 10 0 10 35 0 10 0 0 10 Corn 5 5 5 5 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 Crabgrass, 0 30 0 40 20 70 30 5 40 5 0 0 0 0 Large Foxtail, 0 40 30 75 60 85 60 65 65 — — — — 20 Giant Galium 0 — — 90 85 90 90 90 90 80 100 98 60 90 Johnson- 0 0 0 10 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 grass Lambs- 0 25 70 85 95 90 90 85 80 90 90 90 65 60 quarters Morning- 25 80 45 80 85 85 80 80 85 50 85 25 55 25 glory Nutsedge, 0 20 15 30 40 60 30 35 40 0 55 10 0 10 Yellow Oilseed 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 30 85 0 Rape Pigweed 5 95 75 100 98 98 100 100 100 98 70 98 95 100 Ragweed 0 70 70 85 90 85 75 75 95 60 65 55 85 35 Ryegrass, 5 90 15 55 40 50 15 60 70 10 95 40 5 75 Italian Soybean 15 0 0 0 0 0 75 0 0 — 0 0 — 0 Velvetleaf 0 60 65 40 60 40 30 50 60 65 60 45 70 60 Waterhemp 0 85 75 75 90 70 75 75 80 50 85 50 55 70 Wheat 0 0 0 5 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 125 129 131 132 133 134 136 137 138 139 144 145 151 152 Barnyard- 55 15 0 0 0 5 25 35 30 20 35 10 70 5 grass Blackgrass 50 5 0 20 30 20 70 30 45 50 90 10 60 5 Corn 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 10 15 Crabgrass, 40 5 0 0 0 5 0 20 0 5 60 5 30 0 Large Foxtail, 95 85 35 40 30 25 75 65 80 35 90 35 85 0 Giant Galium 100 95 85 90 95 100 90 98 95 90 100 90 95 50 Johnson- 40 5 0 15 5 0 5 0 10 5 60 10 0 0 grass Lambs- 90 85 60 50 90 75 95 90 95 100 100 90 80 50 quarters Morning- 90 85 35 40 45 75 80 70 80 85 90 75 90 10 glory Nutsedge, 65 55 10 10 20 30 5 55 5 65 40 35 70 5 Yellow Oilseed 85 5 20 70 5 55 10 0 85 20 70 5 98 50 Rape Pigweed 100 100 60 100 100 75 100 100 100 70 100 70 100 80 Ragweed 95 70 65 70 70 70 95 80 95 75 98 55 90 85 Ryegrass, 85 90 10 45 90 98 50 85 55 95 100 100 90 10 Italian Soybean 0 0 0 0 5 40 10 30 0 25 5 0 20 0 Velvetleaf 95 70 0 60 55 75 75 80 85 60 90 40 60 15 Waterhemp 98 90 95 90 80 90 98 85 95 100 100 85 35 20 Wheat 40 35 0 25 0 0 0 15 0 0 90 0 0 0 31 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 153 154 161 171 Barnyard- 85 65 0 5 grass Blackgrass 90 5 5 30 Corn 0 5 0 0 Crabgrass, 80 70 30 0 Large Foxtail, 98 85 10 — Giant Galium 95 98 80 90 Johnson- 25 10 0 0 grass Lambs- 95 15 0 98 quarters Morning- 95 45 10 85 glory Nutsedge, 80 0 0 45 Yellow Oilseed 95 80 10 0 Rape Pigweed 100 55 75 70 Ragweed 95 80 40 65 Ryegrass, 90 40 5 90 Italian Soybean 20 0 0 — Velvetleaf 85 40 0 70 Waterhemp 80 30 20 85 Wheat 0 0 0 0 16 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 35 144 151 Barnyard- 5 5 20 grass Blackgrass 40 70 60 Corn 0 0 30 Crabgrass, 0 25 10 Large Foxtail, 25 75 75 Giant Galium 90 95 95 Johnson- 0 25 0 grass Lambs- 5 65 80 quarters Morning- 25 80 90 glory Nutsedge, 20 25 30 Yellow Oilseed 5 5 85 Rape Pigweed 75 100 95 Ragweed 0 95 85 Ryegrass, 50 100 50 Italian Soybean 0 0 0 Velvetleaf 0 85 55 Waterhemp 40 100 10 Wheat 0 70 0 8 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 35 144 151 Barnyard- 0 0 5 grass Blackgrass 5 55 30 Corn 0 0 20 Crabgrass, 0 5 0 Large Foxtail, 5 60 40 Giant Galium 90 95 98 Johnson- 0 25 0 grass Lambs- 5 35 60 quarters Morning- 10 60 80 glory Nutsedge, 0 5 40 Yellow Oilseed 0 0 85 Rape Pigweed 40 100 70 Ragweed 0 90 55 Ryegrass, 40 95 15 Italian Soybean 0 0 0 Velvetleaf 0 70 40 Waterhemp — 100 5 Wheat 0 55 0 4 g ai/ha Pre- Compound emergence 144 Barnyard- 0 grass Blackgrass 30 Corn 0 Crabgrass, 0 Large Foxtail, 30 Giant Galium 90 Johnson- 0 grass Lambs- 25 quarters Morning- 25 glory Nutsedge, 5 Yellow Oilseed 0 Rape Pigweed 75 Ragweed 70 Ryegrass, 80 Italian Soybean 10 Velvetleaf 25 Waterhemp 80 Wheat 0 Test D

Seeds of plant species selected from bluegrass (annual bluegrass, Poa annua), blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), canarygrass (Phalaris minor), chickweed (common chickweed, Stellaria media), geranium, cutleaf (cutleaf geranium, Geranium dissectum), galium (catchweed bedstraw, Galium aparine), bromegrass, downy (downy bromegrass, Bromus tectorum), field poppy (Papaver rhoeas), field violet (Viola arvensis), foxtail, green (green foxtail, Setaria viridis), deadnettle (henbit deadnettle, Lamium amplexicaule), ryegrass, Italian (Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum), kochia (Kochia scoparia), lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), oilseed rape (Brassica napus), pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), chamomile (scentless chamomile, Matricaria inodora), Russian thistle (Salsola kali), speedwell (bird's-eye speedwell, Veronica persica), barley, spring (spring barley, Hordeum vulgare), wheat, spring (spring wheat, Triticum aestivum), buckwheat, wild (wild buckwheat, Polygonum convolvulus), mustard, wild (wild mustard, Sinapis arvensis), oat, wild (wild oat, Avena fatua), radish, wild (wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum), windgrass (Apera spica-venti), barley, winter (winter barley, Hordeum vulgare), and wheat, winter (winter wheat, Triticum aestivum) were planted into a silt loam soil and treated preemergence with test chemicals formulated in a non-phytotoxic solvent mixture which included a surfactant.

At the same time, these species were planted in pots containing Redi-Earth® planting medium (Scotts Company, 14111 Scottslawn Road, Marysville, Ohio 43041) comprising spaghnum peat moss, vermiculite, wetting agent and starter nutrients and treated with postemergence applications of the test chemicals formulated in the same manner. Plants ranged in height from 2 to 18 cm (1- to 4-leaf stage). Treated plants and controls were maintained in a controlled growth environment for 14 to 21 d after which time all species were compared to controls and visually evaluated. Plant response ratings, summarized in Table D, are based on a scale of 0 to 100 where 0 is no effect and 100 is complete control. A dash (-) response means no test result.

TABLE D 250 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 1 2 11 20 21 22 23 25 27 28 34 35 36 41 Barley, 10 5 10 0 30 15 30 10 10 10 5 15 10 20 Spring Barley, 10 10 40 0 40 5 30 10 5 5 20 15 10 35 Winter Blackgrass 80 90 70 60 90 70 80 80 90 85 75 85 70 75 Bluegrass 5 15 15 40 50 25 40 40 40 50 20 40 35 35 Bromegrass, 20 20 50 15 80 25 75 65 70 70 70 30 65 45 Downy Buckwheat, 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Wild Canada — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Thistle Canarygrass 70 75 55 55 95 65 90 85 90 85 85 80 80 80 Chamomile 100 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 Chickweed 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Deadnettle 70 60 100 65 100 70 85 45 60 70 100 80 100 100 Field Poppy 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 Field Violet 95 80 90 45 100 95 75 95 85 90 95 98 90 100 Foxtail, 85 100 70 70 95 75 90 75 80 90 70 95 90 65 Green Galium 100 100 90 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Geranium, — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Cutleaf Kochia 100 70 100 100 85 100 80 100 75 75 95 70 100 100 Lambs- 100 100 85 95 95 98 80 95 85 90 100 98 100 85 quarters Mustard, 65 55 95 100 100 100 100 85 75 70 100 100 100 100 Wild Oat, Wild 95 100 98 75 100 100 95 90 98 95 95 98 95 85 Oilseed Rape 60 70 55 5 100 100 85 60 85 85 90 100 100 55 Pigweed 100 95 100 100 98 100 100 100 95 90 100 98 100 85 Radish, Wild 60 60 85 65 100 85 100 75 90 95 95 100 100 95 Russian — — — 98 85 85 80 90 70 85 85 95 90 75 Thistle Ryegrass, 85 90 90 90 80 90 85 90 85 85 95 90 90 90 Italian Speedwell 70 90 100 100 100 100 95 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 Wheat, 15 25 25 20 50 15 60 20 20 20 45 30 10 40 Spring Wheat, 5 10 25 25 40 15 70 20 10 15 25 20 15 35 Winter Windgrass 70 70 20 40 85 55 85 85 90 85 75 85 75 75 250 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 42 47 52 54 57 59 60 66 67 69 72 73 75 79 Barley, 10 0 0 10 10 60 50 15 20 5 15 40 0 10 Spring Barley, 10 15 0 30 25 60 50 5 10 5 35 35 5 5 Winter Blackgrass 85 65 40 75 75 85 90 75 95 65 80 90 70 50 Bluegrass 35 15 30 35 15 75 60 35 30 25 55 65 15 15 Bromegrass, 70 5 10 75 35 85 80 70 70 40 75 85 30 20 Downy Buckwheat, 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 Wild Canada — — — — — — — — — 98 — — — — Thistle Canarygrass 80 0 0 75 25 90 90 85 95 75 85 90 50 45 Chamomile 100 — 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 80 100 100 100 100 Chickweed 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 Deadnettle 55 30 35 100 100 100 95 40 60 80 100 100 100 40 Field Poppy 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 80 100 100 100 98 Field Violet 90 — 75 90 85 95 85 95 95 98 95 90 100 95 Foxtail, 80 80 40 80 90 85 75 98 100 15 75 80 60 80 Green Galium 100 80 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Geranium, — — — — — — — — — 65 — — — — Cutleaf Kochia 100 100 65 100 75 100 95 100 50 98 100 100 100 95 Lambs- 90 70 90 100 85 95 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 quarters Mustard, 80 25 100 100 40 100 100 70 65 80 100 100 100 50 Wild Oat, Wild 95 40 15 90 85 98 100 100 100 85 98 100 80 85 Oilseed Rape 70 70 80 100 65 90 80 75 90 20 90 95 100 30 Pigweed 100 100 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Radish, Wild 65 20 85 100 90 100 95 45 95 75 95 100 100 65 Russian 90 — 55 100 — 85 85 80 85 70 85 85 85 65 Thistle Ryegrass, 85 45 80 95 85 90 95 98 100 85 100 98 98 90 Italian Speedwell 45 50 100 100 100 100 100 75 100 100 80 100 100 65 Wheat, 20 15 5 25 10 80 55 5 5 0 70 85 15 5 Spring Wheat, 15 5 15 30 15 80 40 0 0 0 60 75 0 0 Winter Windgrass 98 15 5 75 15 85 98 100 90 55 85 85 65 65 250 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 80 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 90 104 105 108 109 126 Barley, 25 10 5 10 10 20 5 15 40 15 15 20 25 10 Spring Barley, 15 10 0 15 0 10 5 10 35 15 15 15 20 0 Winter Blackgrass 90 85 80 80 85 90 90 95 65 70 65 75 75 45 Bluegrass 45 40 35 25 35 40 45 35 30 30 25 35 45 15 Bromegrass, 75 75 60 70 75 60 65 65 55 65 65 65 75 25 Downy Buckwheat, 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Wild Canada — — — — — — — — 98 — — — — 100 Thistle Canarygrass 90 100 85 90 80 90 90 95 75 85 80 80 90 75 Chamomile 100 100 100 100 100 85 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 Chickweed 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Deadnettle 50 60 35 60 40 45 60 45 100 85 30 90 95 85 Field Poppy 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 90 80 80 75 85 85 Field Violet 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 80 100 98 100 100 100 100 Foxtail, 95 100 90 100 95 85 90 80 75 90 80 95 85 25 Green Galium 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Geranium, — — — — — — — — 95 — — — — 90 Cutleaf Kochia 100 95 100 90 100 75 95 70 100 100 100 100 100 100 Lambs- 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 90 100 100 95 100 100 100 quarters Mustard, 100 80 70 70 75 80 60 75 100 90 75 100 100 100 Wild Oat, Wild 100 98 95 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 Oilseed Rape 75 85 80 95 75 80 75 80 70 95 60 100 85 85 Pigweed 100 100 100 100 100 85 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 98 Radish, Wild 65 100 60 100 45 80 60 85 95 95 70 90 100 95 Russian 80 90 85 85 85 90 75 85 90 85 50 90 90 85 Thistle Ryegrass, 100 95 90 90 100 90 98 95 100 95 95 100 100 90 Italian Speedwell 80 100 85 100 80 100 80 100 100 70 75 80 100 100 Wheat, 30 20 5 20 10 20 10 35 50 30 25 30 30 5 Spring Wheat, 15 5 0 10 0 10 5 5 40 25 20 20 35 0 Winter Windgrass 98 95 85 95 85 85 100 85 90 85 85 85 90 55 250 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 129 153 Barley, 30 30 Spring Barley, 35 25 Winter Blackgrass 75 80 Bluegrass 30 40 Bromegrass, 80 70 Downy Buckwheat, 100 100 Wild Canada 100 100 Thistle Canarygrass 80 85 Chamomile 100 100 Chickweed 100 100 Deadnettle 95 90 Field Poppy 98 100 Field Violet 75 100 Foxtail, 95 85 Green Galium 100 100 Geranium, 75 98 Cutleaf Kochia 85 35 Lambs- 100 75 quarters Mustard, 100 100 Wild Oat, Wild 100 98 Oilseed Rape 70 98 Pigweed 100 85 Radish, Wild 98 100 Russian 90 55 Thistle Ryegrass, 90 90 Italian Speedwell 75 100 Wheat, 70 50 Spring Wheat, 55 35 Winter Windgrass 90 75 125 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 1 2 11 20 21 22 23 25 27 28 34 35 36 41 Barley, 5 5 10 0 10 15 25 0 5 5 0 10 0 10 Spring Barley, 5 15 25 0 30 0 25 0 5 5 0 0 5 5 Winter Blackgrass 70 80 70 50 85 45 75 80 90 85 70 75 45 70 Bluegrass 5 5 5 30 35 25 35 30 30 35 15 35 40 25 Bromegrass, 10 10 25 10 75 25 60 50 55 40 40 25 55 35 Downy Buckwheat, 100 100 60 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 Wild Canada — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Thistle Canarygrass 50 55 30 45 85 40 85 80 85 80 75 70 55 80 Chamomile 85 90 75 100 100 85 85 100 95 90 100 100 100 80 Chickweed 90 100 80 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 Deadnettle 35 60 100 55 95 45 75 20 30 35 100 20 100 80 Field Poppy 100 100 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 75 Field Violet 90 75 75 25 100 75 75 85 75 85 95 75 90 90 Foxtail, 75 95 65 40 85 70 80 70 80 85 55 95 80 50 Green Galium 95 100 90 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 Geranium, — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Cutleaf Kochia 95 65 85 85 75 100 75 100 55 50 85 65 100 85 Lambs- 90 95 80 90 90 95 75 90 85 90 100 98 100 75 quarters Mustard, 40 40 75 100 100 100 100 70 30 70 100 100 100 100 Wild Oat, Wild 80 90 85 60 85 85 95 90 90 90 95 85 85 85 Oilseed Rape 35 55 20 5 100 95 65 45 70 65 75 100 95 25 Pigweed 100 85 95 100 90 98 85 95 95 100 100 85 100 80 Radish, Wild 30 65 60 70 100 100 100 65 85 85 90 100 100 90 Russian — — — 80 80 75 75 80 70 80 80 85 85 75 Thistle Ryegrass, 85 85 85 80 85 85 85 85 85 80 95 80 90 85 Italian Speedwell 60 80 100 100 100 65 75 25 100 100 100 80 100 100 Wheat, 10 10 25 15 40 10 60 15 10 10 15 25 0 30 Spring Wheat, 0 5 15 15 35 15 55 5 5 5 15 15 5 25 Winter Windgrass 50 55 15 30 85 35 75 85 80 85 65 70 70 60 125 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 42 47 52 54 57 59 60 66 67 69 72 73 75 79 Barley, 5 0 5 0 10 40 40 5 10 0 10 30 0 5 Spring Barley, 0 15 0 5 25 45 40 0 5 5 30 20 0 0 Winter Blackgrass 80 35 15 70 55 85 85 75 85 35 75 80 65 40 Bluegrass 20 10 30 25 15 55 35 30 20 15 40 55 15 10 Bromegrass, 40 5 0 55 25 70 65 65 65 20 65 70 15 10 Downy Buckwheat, 100 90 100 100 85 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 Wild Canada — — — — — — — — — 100 — — — — Thistle Canarygrass 80 0 0 65 15 90 85 70 85 70 80 80 30 40 Chamomile 100 — 100 100 100 85 100 100 100 80 85 90 85 100 Chickweed 100 95 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 100 Deadnettle 35 30 35 100 85 90 95 35 40 75 100 100 95 20 Field Poppy 100 100 90 100 100 95 85 95 100 70 100 100 100 95 Field Violet 90 — 75 95 75 95 100 95 90 85 95 90 95 85 Foxtail, 65 70 10 70 75 75 65 90 100 15 70 75 55 75 Green Galium 100 75 98 100 90 100 100 100 100 90 100 100 95 100 Geranium, — — — — — — — — — 55 — — — — Cutleaf Kochia 95 95 55 100 65 95 90 100 40 95 100 100 100 85 Lambs- 85 70 75 95 75 90 80 100 100 95 90 100 100 90 quarters Mustard, 70 15 90 100 30 100 98 55 40 80 100 100 100 40 Wild Oat, Wild 85 20 5 90 65 95 95 100 100 80 95 95 85 80 Oilseed Rape 60 55 65 100 65 85 75 65 85 10 80 75 95 20 Pigweed 90 100 75 100 100 100 100 100 85 98 100 100 100 100 Radish, Wild 20 5 80 100 100 100 95 30 70 60 90 100 100 0 Russian 85 — 45 90 — 85 80 75 75 50 80 80 85 55 Thistle Ryegrass, 85 30 75 90 75 90 90 95 98 80 95 95 95 85 Italian Speedwell 45 40 100 100 25 100 90 70 75 100 100 100 100 35 Wheat, 15 15 0 15 10 70 40 0 0 0 60 70 5 0 Spring Wheat, 10 10 15 25 10 55 35 0 0 0 50 65 0 0 Winter Windgrass 90 15 5 70 10 80 90 85 90 35 80 75 40 35 125 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 80 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 90 104 105 108 109 126 Barley, 15 0 0 5 5 15 0 5 35 10 10 15 10 10 Spring Barley, 5 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 25 10 10 10 5 0 Winter Blackgrass 90 80 75 75 85 90 85 90 55 65 65 65 65 30 Bluegrass 35 30 30 15 30 25 45 30 25 20 20 25 25 15 Bromegrass, 70 65 60 50 65 35 65 35 40 55 25 40 60 20 Downy Buckwheat, 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Wild Canada — — — — — — — — 100 — — — — 98 Thistle Canarygrass 85 95 75 80 80 85 85 85 75 80 75 80 80 45 Chamomile 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 95 98 95 100 95 95 98 Chickweed 100 100 95 100 90 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 Deadnettle 35 35 25 55 20 40 35 35 100 70 20 75 70 80 Field Poppy 100 100 95 100 90 80 85 100 75 75 80 65 75 75 Field Violet 95 100 100 100 100 75 100 80 100 95 95 100 100 90 Foxtail, 90 95 85 90 85 85 80 80 70 85 75 75 75 25 Green Galium 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 Geranium, — — — — — — — — 75 — — — — 80 Cutleaf Kochia 100 90 100 80 100 70 90 60 100 100 95 100 100 95 Lambs- 100 100 95 100 95 95 100 90 100 100 90 100 95 100 quarters Mustard, 70 60 40 65 70 30 25 25 100 85 40 95 90 90 Wild Oat, Wild 100 95 95 90 98 95 98 100 98 95 95 100 95 80 Oilseed Rape 65 75 60 75 70 70 65 75 15 90 25 75 75 75 Pigweed 100 100 100 100 95 85 100 75 95 100 100 100 100 98 Radish, Wild 50 95 50 100 55 75 30 85 75 90 20 85 90 75 Russian 80 90 75 80 75 80 65 80 75 65 50 75 75 80 Thistle Ryegrass, 98 95 90 90 98 85 95 90 95 95 90 95 95 90 Italian Speedwell 85 95 85 75 75 80 75 85 100 55 65 70 75 100 Wheat, 15 0 0 5 0 15 5 5 40 20 20 20 25 0 Spring Wheat, 5 5 0 5 0 0 0 5 40 20 10 20 25 0 Winter Windgrass 95 90 80 90 80 80 85 85 70 85 80 75 80 30 125 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 129 153 Barley, 30 15 Spring Barley, 30 10 Winter Blackgrass 60 75 Bluegrass 20 30 Bromegrass, 65 65 Downy Buckwheat, 100 100 Wild Canada 100 100 Thistle Canarygrass 75 80 Chamomile 100 100 Chickweed 100 85 Deadnettle 70 80 Field Poppy 80 100 Field Violet 70 95 Foxtail, 85 85 Green Galium 100 100 Geranium, 75 90 Cutleaf Kochia 80 30 Lambs- 95 65 quarters Mustard, 98 100 Wild Oat, Wild 95 90 Oilseed Rape 15 85 Pigweed 100 80 Radish, Wild 80 100 Russian 85 45 Thistle Ryegrass, 90 90 Italian Speedwell 65 90 Wheat, 50 40 Spring Wheat, 40 25 Winter Windgrass 55 65 62 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 1 2 11 20 21 22 23 25 27 28 34 35 36 41 Barley, 5 0 0 0 5 0 15 0 0 5 0 0 0 5 Spring Barley, 5 10 20 0 10 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Winter Blackgrass 50 70 40 40 85 20 70 75 80 80 40 65 35 65 Bluegrass 5 10 5 25 30 15 35 20 25 30 15 25 15 30 Bromegrass, 10 10 15 10 60 10 45 25 25 25 30 25 20 20 Downy Buckwheat, 75 95 45 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 Wild Canada — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Thistle Canarygrass 35 40 20 30 80 35 75 80 80 75 65 30 40 70 Chamomile 75 80 65 95 95 80 85 95 90 90 80 100 95 75 Chickweed 80 95 90 100 100 95 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 98 Deadnettle 35 60 100 35 100 10 65 10 5 35 100 20 100 100 Field Poppy 95 95 85 60 100 85 100 80 100 90 100 100 70 80 Field Violet 75 85 65 15 95 70 45 75 70 75 100 75 85 90 Foxtail, 65 80 25 35 80 45 75 65 80 75 45 90 45 55 Green Galium 90 100 85 75 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 Geranium, — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Cutleaf Kochia 85 60 75 65 45 95 75 95 55 40 85 20 95 95 Lambs- 90 90 80 85 85 85 75 90 85 85 95 100 95 65 quarters Mustard, 30 35 70 100 100 95 95 40 40 45 85 100 100 100 Wild Oat, Wild 70 80 75 25 85 85 75 80 85 85 85 90 80 80 Oilseed Rape 15 45 15 0 100 30 60 30 65 65 70 98 85 5 Pigweed 90 80 65 100 85 95 75 100 85 90 100 80 100 80 Radish, Wild 20 55 30 40 100 75 75 35 75 100 85 100 90 80 Russian — — — 75 75 70 75 75 75 75 80 75 85 70 Thistle Ryegrass, 75 80 85 70 80 80 80 85 85 80 95 75 80 85 Italian Speedwell 55 65 100 15 100 60 100 15 70 85 75 75 90 100 Wheat, 0 0 15 15 30 10 50 0 5 5 10 20 0 20 Spring Wheat, 0 0 15 10 25 5 40 0 5 5 25 15 0 20 Winter Windgrass 25 25 10 30 80 20 70 75 75 80 50 65 50 55 62 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 42 47 52 54 57 59 60 66 67 69 72 73 75 79 Barley, 0 0 0 0 10 30 25 0 5 0 5 25 0 5 Spring Barley, 0 10 0 0 30 30 25 0 0 0 20 15 0 0 Winter Blackgrass 75 25 15 40 45 80 80 70 75 30 70 70 20 20 Bluegrass 20 10 5 15 15 40 25 25 15 15 35 30 10 10 Bromegrass, 20 0 0 55 20 70 55 60 60 15 55 55 0 5 Downy Buckwheat, 95 75 100 100 85 100 95 100 100 70 100 100 100 100 Wild Canada — — — — — — — — — 100 — — — — Thistle Canarygrass 75 0 0 55 5 80 80 65 85 25 50 70 15 20 Chamomile 70 — 100 100 100 80 80 90 100 70 80 85 90 95 Chickweed 100 95 100 100 100 98 100 85 100 80 100 95 100 95 Deadnettle 25 20 25 100 90 80 75 15 30 65 90 90 90 15 Field Poppy 85 100 80 100 100 75 75 85 100 70 90 100 100 85 Field Violet 80 — 65 75 70 80 95 95 80 80 95 95 100 75 Foxtail, 50 60 5 65 75 70 40 80 90 10 65 70 25 70 Green Galium 100 75 95 100 90 100 100 100 100 85 100 100 95 100 Geranium, — — — — — — — — — 30 — — — — Cutleaf Kochia 90 70 20 95 55 95 85 95 35 85 95 80 100 80 Lambs- 85 50 75 95 75 85 80 95 100 95 95 95 100 80 quarters Mustard, 70 0 75 100 30 100 75 40 35 35 100 100 100 20 Wild Oat, Wild 85 15 5 85 25 90 90 95 98 75 85 95 70 70 Oilseed Rape 50 20 5 95 25 70 70 20 80 10 70 70 95 5 Pigweed 90 75 40 100 85 85 95 100 80 80 100 100 100 100 Radish, Wild 10 10 65 100 100 95 75 25 65 20 80 95 100 0 Russian 75 — 35 80 — 80 80 80 60 20 75 80 80 55 Thistle Ryegrass, 80 10 50 85 50 90 90 95 90 75 95 85 95 75 Italian Speedwell 50 10 85 100 15 100 80 70 75 85 75 100 100 30 Wheat, 10 10 0 0 10 45 35 0 0 0 50 55 0 0 Spring Wheat, 5 5 10 5 10 40 30 0 0 0 35 35 0 0 Winter Windgrass 75 10 5 45 10 80 85 80 85 15 75 70 15 20 62 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 80 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 90 104 105 108 109 126 Barley, 10 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 25 10 5 10 5 0 Spring Barley, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 5 0 5 Winter Blackgrass 80 75 70 70 75 80 75 85 35 40 25 45 30 20 Bluegrass 35 20 20 10 20 20 25 25 15 10 10 10 15 10 Bromegrass, 65 35 45 35 65 30 65 25 30 30 20 30 30 10 Downy Buckwheat, 100 100 100 100 80 100 100 85 90 95 95 100 95 100 Wild Canada — — — — — — — — 100 — — — — 100 Thistle Canarygrass 80 85 55 75 65 85 80 80 45 65 50 50 55 35 Chamomile 95 100 100 100 98 75 100 100 75 85 85 85 85 95 Chickweed 100 100 90 100 90 100 90 95 90 100 90 100 100 98 Deadnettle 25 35 10 25 10 15 15 15 80 50 10 50 50 70 Field Poppy 80 100 85 100 80 90 85 85 70 65 75 55 50 55 Field Violet 85 85 100 80 100 65 85 75 98 90 90 95 95 85 Foxtail, 90 95 80 90 80 80 75 75 55 70 70 70 65 10 Green Galium 95 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 90 95 95 100 100 Geranium, — — — — — — — — 65 — — — — 40 Cutleaf Kochia 100 85 95 75 95 65 90 55 100 95 95 100 100 80 Lambs- 100 100 95 100 90 85 100 80 90 100 95 95 95 98 quarters Mustard, 50 60 35 25 50 25 35 20 95 75 25 75 85 80 Wild Oat, Wild 98 90 90 85 95 85 95 95 90 90 85 95 95 70 Oilseed Rape 55 70 45 70 45 70 40 65 5 75 15 70 70 65 Pigweed 100 100 100 100 95 80 100 75 90 100 100 100 85 100 Radish, Wild 50 90 20 90 40 65 20 60 75 75 15 75 75 70 Russian 70 85 75 80 70 75 65 75 75 60 45 70 75 40 Thistle Ryegrass, 95 90 85 85 95 85 95 90 90 95 85 90 85 90 Italian Speedwell 75 80 75 70 70 70 75 65 100 35 50 65 60 65 Wheat, 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 10 20 15 0 Spring Wheat, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 35 15 5 15 15 0 Winter Windgrass 90 80 75 85 75 70 85 80 50 75 70 70 65 20 62 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 129 153 Barley, 25 5 Spring Barley, 20 5 Winter Blackgrass 45 70 Bluegrass 15 15 Bromegrass, 40 35 Downy Buckwheat, 100 95 Wild Canada 100 98 Thistle Canarygrass 55 75 Chamomile 98 95 Chickweed 100 85 Deadnettle 40 75 Field Poppy 75 95 Field Violet 70 90 Foxtail, 80 80 Green Galium 100 100 Geranium, 70 90 Cutleaf Kochia 70 15 Lambs- 90 65 quarters Mustard, 80 98 Wild Oat, Wild 90 85 Oilseed Rape 5 85 Pigweed 98 75 Radish, Wild 75 85 Russian 80 20 Thistle Ryegrass, 85 90 Italian Speedwell 60 75 Wheat, 35 30 Spring Wheat, 35 15 Winter Windgrass 35 30 31 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 1 2 11 20 21 22 25 27 28 34 35 36 41 42 Barley, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 Spring Barley, 5 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Winter Blackgrass 40 65 25 15 80 15 65 75 75 25 30 25 55 75 Bluegrass 0 5 5 10 20 10 10 15 20 10 35 10 15 15 Bromegrass, 0 10 15 0 45 10 5 15 15 20 5 10 10 0 Downy Buckwheat, 70 85 45 80 100 90 80 100 100 100 95 100 80 80 Wild Canada — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Thistle Canarygrass 20 25 10 10 80 20 70 75 75 30 20 15 55 50 Chamomile 65 70 40 70 90 80 75 80 85 75 100 95 75 75 Chickweed 80 85 45 90 90 85 98 95 100 95 90 100 98 95 Deadnettle 35 60 75 25 90 10 5 5 10 95 15 80 85 5 Field Poppy 95 75 35 30 85 75 70 85 80 100 100 60 55 65 Field Violet 85 60 65 5 95 70 65 75 80 75 65 70 100 70 Foxtail, 50 70 5 15 70 15 60 70 65 40 75 35 45 35 Green Galium 80 85 85 70 100 90 100 100 100 95 98 100 100 100 Geranium, — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Cutleaf Kochia 70 50 60 35 35 80 90 45 35 60 25 85 85 70 Lambs- 75 90 60 85 80 80 90 80 80 90 75 95 70 80 quarters Mustard, 25 25 65 75 100 90 20 15 35 80 98 100 90 25 Wild Oat, Wild 40 55 40 20 80 65 75 75 75 75 85 35 70 75 Oilseed Rape 0 20 0 0 80 30 5 55 65 65 95 75 0 10 Pigweed 80 70 35 80 80 85 80 75 75 100 80 100 75 85 Radish, Wild 10 25 50 50 95 85 15 65 85 65 85 80 90 5 Russian — — — 70 70 65 70 65 70 70 70 80 70 70 Thistle Ryegrass, 65 70 80 55 80 75 75 80 75 90 65 75 80 75 Italian Speedwell 25 50 0 5 100 60 10 35 60 65 70 60 100 10 Wheat, 0 0 15 0 20 5 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 Spring Wheat, 0 0 10 0 20 5 0 0 5 5 10 0 10 0 Winter Windgrass 10 10 10 25 70 15 70 75 70 40 25 40 40 70 31 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 47 52 54 57 59 60 66 67 69 72 73 75 79 80 Barley, 0 0 0 10 25 15 0 0 0 5 10 0 0 0 Spring Barley, 10 0 0 20 20 10 0 0 0 10 15 0 0 0 Winter Blackgrass 25 10 25 15 70 75 65 70 20 40 65 15 10 75 Bluegrass 5 5 10 5 25 15 0 5 0 20 15 10 5 15 Bromegrass, 5 0 10 15 35 30 50 60 0 45 25 0 5 55 Downy Buckwheat, 60 100 100 80 65 90 95 100 60 95 95 100 70 100 Wild Canada — — — — — — — — 85 — — — — — Thistle Canarygrass 0 0 35 5 75 80 55 75 25 40 60 15 5 55 Chamomile — 85 90 100 80 75 85 95 65 75 70 80 85 80 Chickweed 90 90 100 100 100 85 75 85 75 98 90 100 95 90 Deadnettle 20 35 100 70 80 70 15 40 20 85 75 75 5 35 Field Poppy 80 85 70 100 70 60 70 80 65 80 75 100 75 60 Field Violet — 35 85 80 75 80 85 80 75 90 90 95 75 90 Foxtail, 50 5 55 75 65 35 75 80 10 60 65 0 20 70 Green Galium 65 90 100 90 100 100 85 90 75 95 95 90 95 90 Geranium, — — — — — — — — 15 — — — — — Cutleaf Kochia 45 0 15 40 95 70 85 10 60 80 100 95 70 100 Lambs- 45 75 95 75 90 80 95 90 75 80 95 100 85 95 quarters Mustard, 0 20 100 30 90 75 10 25 20 85 85 100 20 35 Wild Oat, Wild 10 5 75 15 80 85 85 95 70 85 85 50 70 95 Oilseed Rape 20 0 75 20 60 65 0 70 0 65 65 70 0 15 Pigweed 75 35 100 85 80 75 95 75 80 95 100 100 100 100 Radish, Wild 5 35 80 40 95 65 5 55 0 75 75 95 0 10 Russian — 20 80 — 80 80 75 55 15 70 75 80 50 70 Thistle Ryegrass, 10 40 80 25 80 80 85 85 75 95 70 90 70 85 Italian Speedwell 10 70 75 100 65 85 55 70 70 75 70 80 25 65 Wheat, 10 0 0 0 40 30 0 0 0 40 45 0 0 0 Spring Wheat, 5 0 0 5 35 25 0 0 0 25 25 0 0 0 Winter Windgrass 10 0 35 10 75 80 75 85 15 65 70 10 15 75 31 g ai/ha Post- Compounds emergence 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 90 104 105 108 109 126 129 Barley, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 20 Spring Barley, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 10 Winter Blackgrass 65 45 65 65 75 65 75 15 35 15 20 20 15 35 Bluegrass 5 10 0 20 10 25 10 5 10 10 5 5 0 10 Bromegrass, 15 55 25 40 30 45 15 20 20 10 25 30 5 25 Downy Buckwheat, 100 85 100 85 95 85 80 80 90 65 90 95 70 100 Wild Canada — — — — — — — 98 — — — — 98 100 Thistle Canarygrass 75 50 50 50 75 55 65 25 45 40 40 40 20 30 Chamomile 100 90 95 95 75 90 85 70 80 80 75 80 70 100 Chickweed 100 80 100 85 90 85 85 80 95 90 90 100 80 100 Deadnettle 15 10 15 5 10 10 5 70 45 10 35 20 40 35 Field Poppy 100 70 100 70 70 70 70 65 15 70 20 45 25 70 Field Violet 75 95 90 85 65 80 75 90 85 85 90 90 85 65 Foxtail, 80 75 75 75 75 70 70 25 30 70 65 55 10 80 Green Galium 100 90 100 90 85 85 100 98 85 85 90 100 90 90 Geranium, — — — — — — — 45 — — — — 30 60 Cutleaf Kochia 60 90 70 85 40 85 45 85 95 85 90 95 75 60 Lambs- 95 95 95 90 80 95 80 90 95 85 90 90 90 75 quarters Mustard, 50 25 25 25 10 10 10 80 70 5 70 60 80 80 Wild Oat, Wild 85 90 80 85 75 85 80 75 85 80 85 95 60 90 Oilseed Rape 70 25 65 10 65 15 65 0 70 0 45 65 60 5 Pigweed 100 90 100 95 75 95 75 80 100 85 95 85 98 98 Radish, Wild 75 25 75 20 60 15 35 65 70 5 75 75 40 60 Russian 75 65 75 70 65 60 75 30 55 40 65 60 30 70 Thistle Ryegrass, 85 85 80 80 80 90 80 75 90 75 90 85 85 80 Italian Speedwell 75 70 65 70 35 70 25 100 30 45 60 50 60 35 Wheat, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 0 15 5 0 25 Spring Wheat, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 0 10 10 0 30 Winter Windgrass 70 70 75 75 60 80 65 30 55 60 65 60 0 20 31 g ai/ha Post- Compound emergence 153 Barley, 5 Spring Barley, 0 Winter Blackgrass 65 Bluegrass 15 Bromegrass, 25 Downy Buckwheat, 95 Wild Canada 98 Thistle Canarygrass 75 Chamomile 70 Chickweed 80 Deadnettle 70 Field Poppy 75 Field Violet 85 Foxtail, 80 Green Galium 100 Geranium, 75 Cutleaf Kochia 20 Lambs- 75 quarters Mustard, 98 Wild Oat, Wild 85 Oilseed Rape 70 Pigweed 80 Radish, Wild 80 Russian 25 Thistle Ryegrass, 80 Italian Speedwell 75 Wheat, 20 Spring Wheat, 10 Winter Windgrass 25 250 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 1 2 11 20 22 25 27 28 34 35 36 41 42 47 Barley, 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 60 5 15 Spring Barley, 0 0 20 0 0 20 15 15 65 0 0 30 15 10 Winter Blackgrass 90 90 75 75 75 95 100 95 65 95 50 80 100 50 Bluegrass 50 50 55 35 40 75 80 75 60 45 15 90 80 20 Bromegrass, 70 70 55 45 80 85 85 85 80 65 35 80 90 15 Downy Buckwheat, 100 100 25 100 95 25 80 100 0 35 10 75 60 85 Wild Canada — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Thistle Canarygrass 90 90 90 80 90 100 100 95 95 98 65 95 100 5 Chamomile 90 100 — — 100 95 100 100 — 100 — — 100 85 Chickweed 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 90 Deadnettle 60 55 100 20 — 50 80 5 95 80 85 100 15 65 Field Poppy 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 Field Violet 100 100 100 75 100 100 95 100 95 100 95 100 100 100 Foxtail, 100 100 65 85 20 100 100 100 75 100 75 100 100 100 Green Galium 100 100 100 85 85 100 100 100 85 100 85 100 100 100 Geranium, — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Cutleaf Kochia 75 20 95 90 75 100 60 65 50 25 60 100 100 40 Lambs- 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 95 100 100 100 quarters Mustard, 25 40 100 100 95 60 65 55 100 100 90 95 25 65 Wild Oat, Wild 100 100 85 95 95 100 95 100 90 95 85 95 95 40 Oilseed Rape 20 40 5 0 75 35 35 25 85 100 65 15 0 15 Pigweed 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Radish, Wild 100 100 25 65 80 0 95 30 60 100 70 100 60 85 Russian — — — 70 20 90 75 35 15 25 15 70 75 — Thistle Ryegrass, 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 70 100 100 70 Italian Speedwell 95 100 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Wheat, 10 10 35 45 25 25 25 25 60 30 30 85 20 15 Spring Wheat, 5 5 30 25 5 20 5 0 40 10 0 75 15 10 Winter Windgrass 100 100 75 60 80 100 100 100 70 100 65 95 100 75 250 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 52 54 57 59 60 66 67 69 72 73 75 79 80 81 Barley, 0 5 10 60 60 10 0 0 60 60 0 0 0 5 Spring Barley, 0 0 5 45 65 10 0 0 75 75 0 10 45 45 Winter Blackgrass 65 75 80 100 100 80 80 75 75 85 55 60 85 85 Bluegrass 35 25 65 80 80 30 50 65 50 30 35 35 75 60 Bromegrass, 20 40 30 95 98 85 70 65 60 90 25 60 85 75 Downy Buckwheat, 100 80 100 95 60 0 0 15 10 30 50 100 20 15 Wild Canada — — — — — — — 95 — — — — — — Thistle Canarygrass 35 90 65 100 100 95 95 95 95 100 75 85 100 100 Chamomile 100 — — 100 100 100 100 100 — — — — 100 — Chickweed 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Deadnettle 25 95 45 100 100 55 60 98 70 100 100 90 75 55 Field Poppy 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Field Violet 85 95 100 100 100 98 100 95 95 95 100 100 95 95 Foxtail, 35 100 100 100 100 70 85 55 85 100 100 95 100 100 Green Galium 95 100 100 100 100 75 70 90 85 90 80 100 90 95 Geranium, — — — — — — — 10 — — — — — — Cutleaf Kochia 90 45 100 100 75 85 0 5 40 95 100 95 100 15 Lambs- 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 95 quarters Mustard, 98 100 30 100 90 0 0 80 80 100 95 10 0 50 Wild Oat, Wild 30 95 60 100 100 90 90 95 95 100 85 90 95 95 Oilseed Rape 55 100 25 80 80 35 25 15 25 70 100 35 40 100 Pigweed 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Radish, Wild 75 100 100 100 90 70 95 20 50 90 100 55 100 — Russian 0 35 — 90 70 90 25 10 25 75 35 100 100 35 Thistle Ryegrass, 98 100 95 100 100 95 90 100 90 100 0 100 100 100 Italian Speedwell 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 — 100 100 Wheat, 5 45 10 85 75 20 10 10 80 85 45 0 35 40 Spring Wheat, 0 35 10 80 55 0 5 0 45 75 15 0 20 5 Winter Windgrass 10 95 80 100 100 85 95 95 90 95 85 80 98 100 250 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 82 83 84 85 87 88 90 104 105 108 109 126 129 153 Barley, 10 5 5 5 5 0 35 15 20 0 5 0 20 40 Spring Barley, 25 40 35 15 25 25 30 20 25 20 10 5 10 40 Winter Blackgrass 80 85 90 85 80 90 60 75 75 80 80 65 75 95 Bluegrass 80 35 80 75 70 80 65 75 75 75 60 40 60 75 Bromegrass, 85 40 85 80 80 75 95 85 75 75 65 30 80 95 Downy Buckwheat, 0 25 20 100 60 80 80 95 25 35 75 25 85 85 Wild Canada — — — — — — 100 — — — — 95 100 100 Thistle Canarygrass 95 100 95 95 95 90 95 100 98 95 98 90 90 100 Chamomile 100 — 100 — 100 — 100 — — — — 100 100 100 Chickweed 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Deadnettle 70 100 75 35 70 85 98 100 65 100 95 80 95 100 Field Poppy 100 100 100 95 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 Field Violet 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Foxtail, 85 100 100 100 95 100 95 100 100 100 95 45 95 100 Green Galium 85 85 90 100 80 100 95 100 100 100 100 98 95 98 Geranium, — — — — — — 90 — — — — 15 95 90 Cutleaf Kochia 100 50 95 45 100 55 80 100 100 100 100 95 100 70 Lambs- 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 quarters Mustard, 15 25 20 40 25 70 90 95 20 85 100 98 100 100 Wild Oat, Wild 95 90 95 90 95 95 98 100 100 95 90 90 100 98 Oilseed Rape 60 10 35 30 45 25 0 55 50 40 85 90 100 100 Pigweed 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 Radish, Wild 100 90 65 100 95 — 95 100 55 90 95 90 100 100 Russian 65 0 95 75 100 25 60 75 90 100 50 15 100 100 Thistle Ryegrass, 95 100 100 90 98 90 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 Italian Speedwell 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 — — — — 100 100 100 Wheat, 40 35 — 40 20 30 70 45 40 40 40 0 75 85 Spring Wheat, 10 25 5 15 15 15 50 15 5 30 20 0 60 50 Winter Windgrass 100 95 100 100 100 95 98 100 95 95 100 85 80 95 125 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 1 2 11 20 22 25 27 28 34 35 36 41 42 47 Barley, 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 15 Spring Barley, 0 0 5 0 0 5 10 15 0 0 0 25 5 5 Winter Blackgrass 85 85 55 60 55 90 95 85 40 85 35 80 95 30 Bluegrass 35 30 30 25 30 40 70 65 50 35 10 80 65 20 Bromegrass, 70 65 20 40 25 80 85 70 50 55 10 70 70 15 Downy Buckwheat, 65 100 15 100 85 20 45 20 0 20 10 65 80 70 Wild Canada — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Thistle Canarygrass 85 85 90 70 85 95 100 95 90 95 40 90 100 0 Chamomile 95 95 — — 100 100 100 100 — 100 — — 100 85 Chickweed 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 Deadnettle 0 0 50 10 15 0 55 5 50 55 50 100 25 10 Field Poppy 95 95 100 95 100 100 100 95 100 100 70 — 100 100 Field Violet 100 100 100 25 80 100 95 100 75 85 70 100 100 100 Foxtail, 75 100 15 75 0 95 100 100 60 65 70 100 100 60 Green Galium 100 100 100 75 75 95 85 85 80 95 75 95 95 100 Geranium, — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Cutleaf Kochia 35 0 75 70 50 40 30 30 15 20 45 80 75 35 Lambs- 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 95 100 75 100 100 100 quarters Mustard, 10 5 75 100 85 20 45 30 75 100 85 95 20 40 Wild Oat, Wild 95 95 80 85 70 95 90 90 85 85 75 90 95 35 Oilseed Rape 5 20 5 0 0 0 0 10 50 65 55 25 0 10 Pigweed 100 65 98 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Radish, Wild 15 15 20 50 70 0 60 35 60 100 50 95 15 100 Russian — — — 40 0 40 65 15 10 0 10 40 65 — Thistle Ryegrass, 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 70 100 100 60 Italian Speedwell — 90 85 70 50 95 100 95 100 100 100 100 70 80 Wheat, 0 5 25 25 10 10 5 5 25 5 0 70 0 15 Spring Wheat, 5 0 20 15 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 45 5 10 Winter Windgrass 85 95 55 50 70 100 100 90 55 100 5 80 85 20 125 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 52 54 57 59 60 66 67 69 72 73 75 79 80 81 Barley, 0 0 10 40 45 — 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 Spring Barley, 0 0 5 40 50 0 0 0 50 60 0 0 15 45 Winter Blackgrass 65 50 70 95 100 75 75 70 55 80 40 55 80 70 Bluegrass 25 15 25 75 65 25 20 35 25 35 10 25 75 20 Bromegrass, 15 15 25 90 95 80 35 35 35 50 10 50 75 15 Downy Buckwheat, 55 70 10 100 50 0 0 5 15 60 0 25 20 0 Wild Canada — — — — — — — 95 — — — — — — Thistle Canarygrass 25 80 55 95 95 85 90 95 85 90 70 75 90 95 Chamomile 100 — — 100 100 100 100 100 — — — — 100 — Chickweed 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 Deadnettle 10 70 25 90 85 55 55 75 65 70 90 100 70 5 Field Poppy 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Field Violet 75 70 100 95 100 95 100 95 75 80 100 98 100 100 Foxtail, 15 65 100 85 95 65 85 50 60 50 55 65 100 100 Green Galium 90 85 100 100 95 65 35 90 70 80 60 100 80 85 Geranium, — — — — — — — 0 — — — — — — Cutleaf Kochia 40 30 35 95 60 75 0 70 10 85 80 100 100 25 Lambs- 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 95 100 100 100 70 quarters Mustard, 90 100 25 100 85 0 0 40 60 100 100 5 0 0 Wild Oat, Wild 25 85 50 95 100 85 80 90 85 85 80 85 90 85 Oilseed Rape 0 85 0 50 40 35 25 15 15 0 100 40 35 50 Pigweed 65 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 Radish, Wild 55 100 25 95 95 75 75 20 50 100 100 45 100 — Russian 0 25 — 80 35 60 0 0 15 40 25 75 95 15 Thistle Ryegrass, 100 100 80 100 100 90 85 98 100 100 100 90 95 85 Italian Speedwell 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 — 100 100 — 95 100 Wheat, 0 0 5 80 65 5 0 0 65 70 35 0 25 0 Spring Wheat, 0 15 5 70 55 0 0 0 25 50 20 0 0 5 Winter Windgrass 10 70 65 100 100 85 80 75 80 90 50 50 95 90 125 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 82 83 84 85 87 88 90 104 105 108 109 126 129 153 Barley, 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 0 0 5 0 0 25 Spring Barley, 5 0 5 0 10 0 15 10 10 10 0 0 0 25 Winter Blackgrass 75 70 80 85 80 85 45 65 60 50 75 55 55 85 Bluegrass 65 35 65 65 45 75 65 70 60 35 30 30 25 75 Bromegrass, 80 60 75 55 75 65 55 65 70 70 65 20 65 85 Downy Buckwheat, 15 0 25 80 0 50 40 55 5 20 30 10 85 85 Wild Canada — — — — — — 100 — — — — 95 100 100 Thistle Canarygrass 90 90 90 90 90 90 85 95 95 90 90 80 60 95 Chamomile 100 — 100 — 100 — 100 — — — — 100 100 100 Chickweed 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 98 100 Deadnettle 25 15 65 10 65 65 90 80 15 95 80 70 75 100 Field Poppy 100 100 100 — 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 100 Field Violet 95 95 100 95 95 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 85 100 Foxtail, 90 100 75 100 95 100 70 100 65 100 75 25 80 100 Green Galium 80 40 75 75 60 75 85 100 85 95 100 85 90 95 Geranium, — — — — — — 65 — — — — 0 70 85 Cutleaf Kochia 75 30 75 10 100 15 90 95 95 80 80 75 85 25 Lambs- 100 100 95 100 100 100 85 100 100 100 100 75 100 100 quarters Mustard, 25 35 5 35 0 65 100 75 0 95 100 70 100 100 Wild Oat, Wild 95 90 95 85 90 90 85 80 85 80 90 80 90 98 Oilseed Rape 35 10 35 20 30 0 0 55 50 75 75 15 55 90 Pigweed 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Radish, Wild 60 90 35 100 75 — 90 95 35 100 90 75 100 98 Russian 65 15 95 25 85 15 35 55 70 70 35 5 100 60 Thistle Ryegrass, 90 90 100 85 98 85 100 100 95 100 100 98 98 100 Italian Speedwell 100 100 90 100 90 100 100 — — — — 100 100 100 Wheat, 15 10 15 15 15 25 60 35 0 25 20 0 60 70 Spring Wheat, 0 5 0 5 0 10 25 5 5 10 5 0 45 45 Winter Windgrass 100 90 90 95 85 85 80 80 80 75 80 75 75 80 62 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 1 2 11 20 22 25 27 28 34 35 36 41 42 47 Barley, 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Spring Barley, 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 Winter Blackgrass 70 75 30 40 45 90 90 85 20 85 30 75 80 20 Bluegrass 15 15 15 15 30 35 35 45 25 25 15 75 45 20 Bromegrass, 25 50 5 35 5 65 55 55 50 30 0 55 55 10 Downy Buckwheat, 10 10 15 20 20 0 30 0 10 20 0 55 25 60 Wild Canada — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Thistle Canarygrass 60 60 55 35 35 80 95 85 50 85 45 90 95 0 Chamomile 95 100 — — 100 100 100 95 — 100 — — 100 80 Chickweed 90 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 95 95 95 95 100 95 Deadnettle 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 40 15 0 90 0 10 Field Poppy 95 95 75 70 0 100 100 95 100 85 50 95 100 100 Field Violet 100 100 100 15 65 100 90 85 25 75 10 90 95 100 Foxtail, 15 100 10 60 0 90 95 80 60 45 25 80 65 25 Green Galium 95 85 80 30 65 90 70 60 35 85 20 85 85 95 Geranium, — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Cutleaf Kochia 0 0 40 25 35 10 20 20 10 0 25 75 60 10 Lambs- 100 60 35 90 100 95 100 100 60 98 95 100 100 100 quarters Mustard, 0 0 20 35 65 0 40 15 25 100 85 90 15 20 Wild Oat, Wild 70 90 70 65 55 90 85 85 75 80 45 90 90 20 Oilseed Rape 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 10 0 5 0 0 Pigweed 100 50 0 40 98 100 100 100 95 95 75 75 100 100 Radish, Wild 0 5 15 0 25 0 50 0 0 100 0 85 — 25 Russian — — — 30 0 25 10 0 0 0 15 20 15 — Thistle Ryegrass, 100 95 90 100 90 100 100 95 95 85 65 100 100 30 Italian Speedwell 50 — 15 70 0 80 100 95 100 75 100 95 75 25 Wheat, 0 0 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 0 5 Spring Wheat, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 5 Winter Windgrass 60 75 35 40 20 85 85 75 25 95 5 75 85 5 62 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 52 54 57 59 60 66 67 69 72 73 75 79 80 81 Barley, 0 0 10 25 10 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 Spring Barley, 0 0 0 25 30 0 0 0 25 40 0 0 0 0 Winter Blackgrass 20 30 35 90 95 70 75 25 30 60 30 45 75 60 Bluegrass 10 10 20 50 45 15 0 0 25 35 15 10 55 10 Bromegrass, 0 15 5 85 90 60 35 20 0 40 0 35 35 45 Downy Buckwheat, 20 5 10 65 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 25 15 Wild Canada — — — — — — — 90 — — — — — — Thistle Canarygrass 25 55 10 90 95 80 85 80 80 85 55 60 90 65 Chamomile 100 — — 95 100 100 95 100 — — — — 100 — Chickweed 98 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 100 Deadnettle 0 60 20 90 90 40 30 55 15 0 55 10 65 0 Field Poppy 0 55 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 100 95 100 100 100 Field Violet 10 35 100 90 100 85 98 90 75 75 100 85 95 80 Foxtail, 0 60 70 75 80 35 80 50 30 20 35 60 80 65 Green Galium 100 45 100 95 85 20 10 70 60 80 50 90 40 65 Geranium, — — — — — — — 0 — — — — — — Cutleaf Kochia 35 60 10 60 20 15 0 20 15 30 80 55 75 0 Lambs- 90 65 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 95 100 100 95 quarters Mustard, 100 100 25 95 70 0 0 30 25 80 35 15 0 0 Wild Oat, Wild 25 75 30 90 95 85 75 75 75 90 65 80 90 85 Oilseed Rape 0 50 0 30 15 35 20 15 15 5 75 35 35 0 Pigweed 55 100 75 100 100 100 95 100 85 100 100 100 100 100 Radish, Wild 15 100 10 85 90 70 60 0 0 75 70 25 75 50 Russian 0 0 — 50 20 20 0 0 10 25 0 70 95 0 Thistle Ryegrass, 85 90 75 100 100 85 80 95 75 100 100 85 90 65 Italian Speedwell 100 95 90 100 100 100 75 100 70 100 100 — 95 60 Wheat, 0 0 5 65 55 0 0 0 35 55 25 0 0 0 Spring Wheat, 0 0 5 35 35 0 0 0 10 40 0 0 0 0 Winter Windgrass 10 50 35 85 90 75 75 55 65 65 15 40 90 75 62 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 82 83 84 85 87 88 90 104 105 108 109 126 129 153 Barley, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spring Barley, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 10 Winter Blackgrass 75 60 75 80 75 85 35 60 50 35 25 45 15 80 Bluegrass 45 15 30 60 35 60 40 35 30 15 20 5 10 75 Bromegrass, 65 30 55 35 65 45 20 65 65 25 30 0 15 75 Downy Buckwheat, 0 0 15 65 0 45 — 60 5 0 20 0 30 60 Wild Canada — — — — — — 95 — — — — 15 100 100 Thistle Canarygrass 85 85 85 90 90 90 75 85 95 80 75 50 15 90 Chamomile 100 — 100 — 95 — 100 — — — — 100 100 100 Chickweed 100 100 100 100 100 100 198 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 Deadnettle 25 0 20 0 35 0 70 80 10 25 60 45 75 100 Field Poppy 100 100 95 — 100 95 100 100 100 10 100 45 98 100 Field Violet 90 80 100 70 85 95 95 100 100 100 100 85 85 100 Foxtail, 75 50 35 55 55 100 45 70 55 90 65 20 70 75 Green Galium 60 25 60 70 40 70 75 95 95 70 75 70 90 95 Geranium, — — — — — — 60 — — — — 0 0 75 Cutleaf Kochia 15 0 15 10 55 10 65 75 50 95 70 20 55 50 Lambs- 95 65 95 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 75 85 quarters Mustard, 0 0 0 25 0 55 98 70 0 60 75 70 100 100 Wild Oat, Wild 85 85 90 75 85 85 80 80 80 80 80 70 75 95 Oilseed Rape 35 5 20 0 30 0 0 20 60 45 40 0 15 85 Pigweed 100 100 100 100 100 100 35 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Radish, Wild 60 70 35 25 65 0 65 100 15 100 75 15 100 98 Russian 15 0 5 10 15 0 15 10 60 15 20 0 50 15 Thistle Ryegrass, 80 75 90 80 95 85 100 100 90 98 95 90 80 100 Italian Speedwell 75 75 75 90 85 100 100 — — — — 100 100 100 Wheat, 0 0 5 0 0 10 35 15 0 20 5 0 50 45 Spring Wheat, 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 Winter Windgrass 80 75 80 70 80 75 65 75 80 50 60 35 45 80 31 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 1 2 11 20 22 25 27 28 34 35 36 41 42 47 Barley, 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spring Barley, 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Winter Blackgrass 35 65 5 20 45 85 85 85 15 75 15 70 80 5 Bluegrass 5 0 10 10 0 25 25 30 0 25 0 70 35 0 Bromegrass, 20 10 5 15 0 40 35 45 0 20 0 50 45 5 Downy Buckwheat, 5 — 20 15 20 0 25 0 0 15 0 35 20 70 Wild Canada — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Thistle Canarygrass 40 40 45 25 25 80 85 85 20 75 0 90 90 0 Chamomile 95 80 — — 95 100 100 100 — 100 — — 95 80 Chickweed 100 90 20 85 95 95 100 100 85 95 95 90 100 90 Deadnettle 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 0 Field Poppy 95 95 75 70 0 95 100 100 — 75 — 95 100 60 Field Violet 95 95 85 0 20 90 80 75 15 15 15 95 85 95 Foxtail, 10 65 10 25 0 35 95 70 55 50 45 45 30 0 Green Galium 75 100 70 10 10 70 60 15 0 80 0 75 70 85 Geranium, — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Cutleaf Kochia 0 0 10 0 35 0 0 20 25 0 0 80 20 10 Lambs- 20 15 25 75 100 80 100 100 60 70 75 25 98 100 quarters Mustard, 0 0 0 25 5 0 40 10 15 85 45 70 15 10 Wild Oat, Wild 75 80 15 35 30 85 85 85 70 75 35 85 90 10 Oilseed Rape 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 Pigweed 70 25 0 30 100 100 100 90 50 25 55 25 90 70 Radish, Wild 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 25 0 20 Russian — — — 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 — Thistle Ryegrass, 100 85 85 90 85 95 90 90 75 75 20 95 95 20 Italian Speedwell 70 55 0 70 0 35 75 95 100 0 95 100 70 25 Wheat, 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 5 Spring Wheat, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 Winter Windgrass 15 60 25 35 0 75 75 70 15 25 0 70 70 5 31 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 52 54 57 59 60 66 67 69 72 73 75 79 80 81 Barley, 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spring Barley, 0 0 0 15 15 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 Winter Blackgrass 20 15 25 85 90 25 75 15 15 50 15 20 70 55 Bluegrass 0 0 0 30 35 10 0 5 10 15 15 10 20 0 Bromegrass, 0 0 0 75 60 15 25 20 0 20 0 35 30 20 Downy Buckwheat, 20 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 Wild Canada — — — — — — — 30 — — — — — — Thistle Canarygrass 20 15 0 80 90 25 40 30 0 80 20 45 85 75 Chamomile 60 — — 100 95 90 95 100 — — — — 95 — Chickweed 98 85 100 100 95 90 100 95 70 95 90 100 100 95 Deadnettle 0 0 0 50 35 15 15 15 5 0 30 0 55 0 Field Poppy 0 90 100 100 75 100 100 85 100 70 0 100 90 100 Field Violet 0 25 95 80 95 60 85 85 10 35 95 80 55 75 Foxtail, 0 50 10 55 70 15 15 50 20 15 15 55 20 75 Green Galium 70 0 85 95 75 0 0 45 20 40 15 80 25 25 Geranium, — — — — — — — 0 — — — — — — Cutleaf Kochia 15 25 10 20 15 0 0 0 10 30 65 60 35 0 Lambs- 35 65 100 95 100 55 95 85 35 95 95 100 100 55 quarters Mustard, 85 50 0 95 45 0 0 0 0 65 55 0 0 0 Wild Oat, Wild 25 75 15 90 90 75 70 60 65 75 55 80 85 85 Oilseed Rape 0 15 0 20 0 35 10 10 5 0 50 25 35 0 Pigweed 60 80 70 95 100 30 35 50 35 70 85 45 100 95 Radish, Wild 0 25 0 — 55 30 25 0 0 30 40 25 20 0 Russian 0 0 — 40 15 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 Thistle Ryegrass, 85 35 55 100 100 80 75 90 55 95 95 80 90 55 Italian Speedwell 50 100 25 100 100 75 80 98 5 100 95 — 65 55 Wheat, 0 0 5 35 35 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 Spring Wheat, 0 0 5 10 10 0 0 0 5 15 0 0 0 0 Winter Windgrass 10 0 20 85 85 70 30 35 25 40 0 25 75 60 31 g ai/ha Pre- Compounds emergence 82 83 84 85 87 88 90 104 105 108 109 126 129 153 Barley, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spring Barley, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 Winter Blackgrass 70 20 70 75 70 80 25 25 35 15 25 25 10 75 Bluegrass 15 15 15 40 25 35 0 35 25 10 10 5 0 70 Bromegrass, 45 20 35 15 25 20 15 0 35 25 0 0 15 75 Downy Buckwheat, 35 0 10 20 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 40 Wild Canada — — — — — — 50 — — — — 0 80 100 Thistle Canarygrass 75 65 85 80 85 85 50 65 85 45 35 15 5 85 Chamomile 100 — 80 — 95 — 100 — — — — 85 100 100 Chickweed 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 70 98 98 Deadnettle 10 0 25 0 25 5 15 65 — 0 0 0 60 98 Field Poppy 95 100 90 — 100 — 15 0 100 10 100 30 90 100 Field Violet 100 75 65 65 80 70 95 100 100 90 85 85 85 100 Foxtail, 35 15 30 25 10 30 25 20 45 30 0 20 35 75 Green Galium 60 0 20 30 15 25 75 65 80 60 40 50 75 85 Geranium, — — — — — — 0 — — — — 0 0 35 Cutleaf Kochia 0 0 10 5 0 10 75 30 10 60 20 10 5 20 Lambs- 75 95 95 25 70 100 90 75 95 100 95 100 100 70 quarters Mustard, 0 0 0 25 0 20 35 10 10 5 5 60 75 100 Wild Oat, Wild 80 80 90 75 80 80 75 75 80 80 75 65 75 80 Oilseed Rape 30 5 25 0 15 0 0 15 55 20 15 0 0 75 Pigweed 100 100 95 95 50 75 25 60 100 100 100 98 100 100 Radish, Wild 65 30 — 0 45 5 0 95 — 45 25 5 80 80 Russian 10 0 5 5 5 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 Thistle Ryegrass, 75 40 80 55 90 75 100 100 85 80 80 75 70 100 Italian Speedwell 75 70 70 50 80 95 100 — — — — 70 90 100 Wheat, 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 25 25 Spring Wheat, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 Winter Windgrass 75 15 75 55 80 60 50 70 75 25 55 25 35 75 Test E

Seeds of plant species selected from corn (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla), pigweed, palmer (palmer pigweed, Amaranthus palmeri), waterhemp (common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis), surinam grass (Brachiaria decumbens), crabgrass, large (large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis), crabgrass, Brazilian (Brazilian crabgrass, Digitaria horizontalis), panicum, fall (fall panicum, Panicum dichotomiflorum), foxtail, giant (giant foxtail, Setaria faberii), foxtail, green (green foxtail, Setaria viridis), goosegrass (Eleusine indica), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), ragweed (common ragweed, Ambrosia elatior), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), sandbur (southem sandbur, Cenchrus echinatus), arrowleaf sida (Sida rhombifolia), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), dayflower (Virginia (VA) dayflower, Commelina virginica), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), momingglory (Ipomoea coccinea), nightshade (eastern black nightshade, Solanum ptycanthum), kochia (Kochia scoparia), nutsedge, yellow (yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus), horseweed (Conyza canadensis), and beggarticks (hairy beggarticks, Bidens pilosa), were planted into a silt loam soil and treated preemergence with test chemicals formulated in a non-phytotoxic solvent mixture which included a surfactant.

At the same time, plants from these crop and weed species and also waterhemp_RES1, (ALS & Triazine resistant common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis), and waterhemp_RES2, (ALS & HPPD resistant common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis) were planted in pots containing Redi-Earth® planting medium (Scotts Company, 14111 Scottslawn Road, Marysville, Ohio 43041) comprising spaghnum peat moss, vermiculite, wetting agent and starter nutrients were treated with postemergence applications of test chemicals formulated in the same manner. Plants ranged in height from 2 to 18 cm for postemergence treatments (1- to 4-leaf stage). Treated plants and controls were maintained in a greenhouse for 14 to 21 d, after which time all species were compared to controls and visually evaluated. Plant response ratings, summarized in Table E, are based on a scale of 0 to 100 where 0 is no effect and 100 is complete control. A dash (-) response means no test result.

TABLE E 250 g ai/ha Compounds Postemergence 1 2 20 25 28 34 41 42 47 57 69 72 75 79 Arrowleaf Sida 80 40 80 85 60 75 90 80 60 45 80 90 80 70 Barnyardgrass 35 35 80 50 60 40 60 35 60 90 30 50 30 20 Beggarticks 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 98 100 100 Corn 5 5 15 15 5 5 5 20 20 15 5 30 0 0 Crabgrass, Brazil 35 15 50 50 60 50 50 50 40 30 30 70 50 40 Dayflower, VA 50 65 50 65 80 90 90 70 10 30 80 80 65 65 Field Bindweed 95 80 95 90 80 95 95 90 90 95 90 90 85 95 Horseweed — — 85 — 80 90 70 85 75 80 90 70 50 90 Kochia — — 90 98 90 85 95 98 85 75 95 90 100 98 Panicum, Fall 85 90 50 90 90 60 50 95 70 80 50 85 60 75 Pigweed, Palmer 98 35 70 85 50 75 95 95 70 60 60 75 100 75 Poinsettia, Wild 35 15 30 60 40 — — — 30 20 0 75 — 10 Ragweed — — 80 95 75 100 95 90 95 95 95 95 90 100 Ryegrass, Italian 90 75 80 90 75 90 90 90 10 50 85 90 90 80 Sandbur 30 30 40 75 80 90 75 60 35 70 10 80 30 65 Soybean 20 0 30 75 60 60 75 50 30 10 20 50 75 10 Waterhemp 100 90 85 90 75 90 85 90 100 75 90 90 95 80 Waterhemp_RES1 100 100 80 95 80 95 95 98 95 60 85 90 90 75 Waterhemp_RES2 75 60 60 75 50 70 85 80 70 50 65 65 75 55 250 g ai/ha Compounds Postemergence 81 82 83 84 85 88 100 126 153 171 Arrowleaf Sida 60 90 60 80 50 60 75 85 40 95 Barnyardgrass 50 50 50 40 30 25 50 30 80 50 Beggarticks 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Corn 5 0 10 0 5 5 0 5 0 0 Crabgrass, Brazil 50 50 50 20 50 50 50 50 50 60 Dayflower, VA 80 65 70 30 80 80 0 50 95 90 Field Bindweed 85 85 75 80 90 75 95 100 95 100 Horseweed 85 80 90 85 90 90 80 80 85 60 Kochia 75 98 65 100 80 90 100 100 70 100 Panicum, Fall 90 75 90 90 95 85 80 35 90 75 Pigweed, Palmer 50 65 60 70 80 50 50 80 40 70 Poinsettia, Wild 50 50 — 40 — — 35 50 75 80 Ragweed 80 90 75 95 85 80 90 100 90 98 Ryegrass, Italian 80 80 85 85 80 85 85 90 95 90 Sandbur 75 75 70 65 70 70 50 40 70 60 Soybean 10 35 15 35 15 10 0 30 25 70 Waterhemp 75 90 60 95 90 70 90 90 75 90 Waterhemp_RES1 65 95 70 95 80 85 90 100 60 90 Waterhemp_RES2 50 60 50 70 50 50 70 85 50 60 125 g ai/ha Compounds Postemergence 1 2 20 25 28 34 41 42 47 57 66 69 72 75 Arrowleaf Sida 70 35 70 80 60 70 95 70 60 40 70 70 80 80 Barnyardgrass 25 30 60 50 50 40 50 30 40 90 20 20 40 25 Beggarticks 100 100 98 100 100 98 95 100 98 100 100 100 98 100 Corn 5 5 0 20 5 0 0 15 5 15 15 0 20 0 Crabgrass, Brazil 20 10 20 50 50 50 30 40 25 20 40 30 60 50 Dayflower, VA 30 65 50 50 70 90 85 60 0 35 50 65 80 50 Field Bindweed 85 75 90 95 60 80 85 90 85 98 80 80 95 80 Horseweed — — 70 — 80 80 80 75 60 75 90 85 75 60 Kochia — — 75 100 75 85 95 95 80 60 95 80 90 100 Panicum, Fall 80 85 30 80 70 70 30 80 55 70 80 30 80 50 Pigweed, Palmer 75 5 55 100 50 65 90 60 30 30 80 40 60 100 Poinsettia, Wild 15 15 30 35 50 — — — 25 30 — 5 65 — Ragweed — — 85 90 70 90 90 95 95 95 90 90 90 60 Ryegrass, Italian 65 65 70 85 75 85 85 85 0 20 50 90 85 85 Sandbur 30 20 30 70 60 85 70 60 25 65 60 5 75 20 Soybean 15 0 40 30 50 70 60 30 20 15 20 25 30 70 Waterhemp 98 75 80 85 70 85 90 100 85 30 80 80 80 90 Waterhemp_RES1 98 70 80 85 60 90 90 70 80 40 80 85 80 95 Waterhemp_RES2 70 5 50 70 50 — 80 70 60 20 50 50 50 60 125 g ai/ha Compounds Postemergence 79 81 82 83 84 85 88 90 99 100 105 109 126 153 Arrowleaf Sida 60 30 80 60 70 50 50 90 60 70 70 80 100 40 Barnyardgrass 20 30 50 40 40 20 20 50 50 30 30 40 40 50 Beggarticks 100 100 98 100 95 100 100 100 95 90 100 100 100 100 Corn 0 5 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 20 20 5 0 Crabgrass, Brazil 25 50 50 50 15 50 30 70 20 40 50 50 40 40 Dayflower, VA 60 80 60 75 10 60 70 90 75 0 60 60 50 90 Field Bindweed 95 75 95 70 100 60 60 100 80 90 95 90 95 100 Horseweed 95 65 75 85 85 85 90 70 75 75 — 85 85 85 Kochia 90 70 95 75 100 80 80 100 70 80 100 100 100 55 Panicum, Fall 60 85 75 80 85 80 85 70 70 70 80 80 30 90 Pigweed, Palmer 40 — 75 50 80 80 50 60 50 40 70 100 50 30 Poinsettia, Wild 20 40 40 — 30 — — 60 50 10 30 50 50 50 Ragweed 95 85 90 70 98 60 70 90 90 90 95 95 100 80 Ryegrass, Italian 70 75 75 80 75 75 80 85 80 70 80 85 85 90 Sandbur 50 70 70 65 60 70 70 50 40 40 50 70 40 60 Soybean 15 0 40 0 10 5 0 60 30 0 25 20 40 10 Waterhemp 70 60 85 40 90 65 60 90 75 — 90 90 90 50 Waterhemp_RES1 70 60 85 80 80 75 65 80 75 85 100 90 90 50 Waterhemp_RES2 15 50 60 40 70 40 50 70 60 65 70 60 70 30 125 g ai/ha Compound Postemergence 171 Arrowleaf Sida 90 Barnyardgrass 50 Beggarticks 100 Corn 0 Crabgrass, Brazil 50 Dayflower, VA 70 Field Bindweed 100 Horseweed 70 Kochia 100 Panicum, Fall 60 Pigweed, Palmer 60 Poinsettia, Wild 40 Ragweed 90 Ryegrass, Italian 85 Sandbur 50 Soybean 50 Waterhemp 85 Waterhemp_RES1 75 Waterhemp_RES2 40 62 g ai/ha Compounds Postemergence 1 2 20 25 34 41 42 47 57 66 69 72 75 79 Arrowleaf Sida 70 30 60 75 60 90 60 50 20 60 60 75 70 50 Barnyardgrass 20 25 50 50 40 35 30 30 85 25 25 40 30 15 Beggarticks 98 100 95 100 100 95 95 100 100 90 85 100 95 100 Corn 5 0 0 20 0 0 15 5 10 10 0 10 0 0 Crabgrass, Brazil 15 0 20 40 40 20 35 20 20 30 20 40 40 20 Dayflower, VA 0 15 10 40 80 40 50 5 15 60 50 65 50 50 Field Bindweed 70 65 85 95 80 90 85 75 95 80 85 80 90 95 Horseweed — — 80 — 75 80 75 40 75 90 75 60 50 95 Kochia — — 65 95 98 95 85 70 70 90 80 98 98 80 Panicum, Fall 75 70 15 50 65 25 50 55 60 70 20 80 40 60 Pigweed, Palmer 90 5 35 80 80 60 75 35 20 60 20 50 70 35 Poinsettia, Wild 15 0 20 30 — — — 15 10 — 0 40 — 10 Ragweed — — 75 90 85 — 85 90 60 80 80 90 70 98 Ryegrass, Italian 50 50 50 80 80 85 70 0 0 40 70 80 80 40 Sandbur 30 15 20 60 80 50 50 20 60 50 0 70 20 30 Soybean 10 0 20 20 40 40 20 25 0 20 10 30 70 10 Waterhemp 95 75 75 80 85 85 80 80 50 75 85 65 90 60 Waterhemp_RES1 90 70 70 80 90 75 75 70 50 75 70 80 90 60 Waterhemp_RES2 70 5 50 60 80 80 65 50 10 40 40 40 60 15 62 g ai/ha Compounds Postemergence 81 82 83 84 85 88 90 99 100 105 109 126 153 171 Arrowleaf Sida 40 70 50 60 50 50 90 50 60 60 60 80 50 80 Barnyardgrass 20 40 50 30 30 30 40 40 40 30 30 50 40 45 Beggarticks 100 90 100 100 100 100 98 100 80 100 85 100 100 95 Corn 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 15 10 10 0 0 Crabgrass, Brazil 40 30 40 10 30 15 50 10 50 40 30 25 30 50 Dayflower, VA 70 50 60 0 60 60 80 70 0 50 50 20 90 50 Field Bindweed 65 80 70 100 50 60 90 70 80 75 95 90 90 85 Horseweed 75 70 80 75 85 95 75 60 70 85 90 75 80 60 Kochia 70 98 60 98 70 70 95 60 80 90 95 100 50 95 Panicum, Fall 80 65 70 70 75 80 60 50 50 70 65 35 90 50 Pigweed, Palmer 20 60 40 75 80 55 50 30 30 70 65 50 20 50 Poinsettia, Wild 40 30 — 30 — — 50 40 0 25 45 20 30 30 Ragweed 60 90 50 95 50 50 80 80 85 90 90 80 70 75 Ryegrass, Italian 70 70 60 65 60 65 85 70 60 70 90 80 90 75 Sandbur 60 60 50 50 60 60 50 40 40 45 60 30 85 50 Soybean 0 25 0 15 0 0 40 10 0 15 20 30 15 40 Waterhemp 60 80 50 85 50 60 80 60 75 80 80 90 40 80 Waterhemp_RES1 60 75 65 85 75 70 50 70 80 75 90 95 30 70 Waterhemp_RES2 20 50 40 65 50 50 60 40 60 60 50 70 40 30 31 g ai/ha Compounds Postemergence 1 2 20 25 34 41 42 47 57 66 69 72 75 79 Arrowleaf Sida 50 25 40 60 65 85 20 40 10 40 50 70 70 50 Barnyardgrass 15 20 30 40 30 20 20 10 80 15 20 30 20 15 Beggarticks 85 95 85 100 90 100 95 85 100 80 80 90 100 100 Corn 5 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 Crabgrass, Brazil 15 10 10 30 40 10 20 20 15 20 10 50 40 20 Dayflower, VA 0 20 0 10 60 50 30 0 10 25 20 60 30 50 Field Bindweed 65 60 75 90 70 80 90 70 85 60 70 70 85 80 Horseweed — — 70 — 85 75 75 40 60 80 70 60 40 90 Kochia — — 60 90 70 90 75 60 50 95 75 70 90 70 Panicum, Fall 75 70 0 50 50 15 60 40 40 70 20 75 50 55 Pigweed, Palmer 20 50 40 75 50 50 70 35 10 70 10 50 70 40 Poinsettia, Wild 10 0 0 35 — — — 10 10 — 5 30 — 10 Ragweed — — 65 90 90 80 90 80 50 80 70 85 55 90 Ryegrass, Italian 35 30 40 75 65 80 50 0 0 30 65 80 75 30 Sandbur 10 10 15 50 70 60 35 20 50 40 0 60 10 20 Soybean 0 0 20 0 35 30 10 20 10 0 5 25 70 0 Waterhemp 85 70 70 80 70 75 75 75 50 65 65 65 80 50 Waterhemp_RES1 80 70 60 75 90 75 75 60 40 80 65 60 90 50 Waterhemp_RES2 75 0 50 70 40 20 60 15 20 40 50 35 60 20 31 g ai/ha Compounds Postemergence 81 82 83 84 85 88 90 99 100 105 109 126 153 171 Arrowleaf Sida 40 65 50 50 40 60 80 30 50 60 65 75 40 80 Barnyardgrass 20 30 40 30 20 20 30 30 30 20 30 40 25 40 Beggarticks 90 90 98 95 90 100 90 80 75 90 90 100 100 80 Corn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 Crabgrass, Brazil 40 20 30 10 15 15 55 10 25 20 40 10 20 40 Dayflower, VA 60 40 50 5 50 50 60 60 0 30 30 0 85 40 Field Bindweed 60 85 60 70 50 50 80 60 75 80 80 85 80 70 Horseweed 50 60 75 60 60 75 70 50 35 85 80 70 85 50 Kochia 60 90 40 80 60 60 90 50 60 80 95 100 50 90 Panicum, Fall 85 70 70 60 75 75 60 30 30 60 60 10 85 40 Pigweed, Palmer 30 50 40 70 65 50 65 10 20 70 50 40 20 50 Poinsettia, Wild 30 40 — 20 — — 35 30 0 30 25 30 20 25 Ragweed 60 85 60 85 50 50 75 75 75 — 85 70 75 60 Ryegrass, Italian 50 50 60 60 50 50 80 50 50 50 75 70 85 65 Sandbur 60 50 40 50 40 40 40 30 20 40 40 0 50 30 Soybean 0 10 0 10 0 0 30 0 0 10 0 10 0 40 Waterhemp 50 70 40 70 50 70 70 45 80 70 75 75 50 80 Waterhemp_RES1 50 60 70 60 80 60 50 50 80 80 70 75 50 50 Waterhemp_RES2 10 50 30 55 40 40 50 50 50 50 50 55 10 15 16 g ai/ha Compounds Postemergence 1 2 66 90 99 105 109 Arrowleaf Sida 30 0 30 70 10 50 50 Barnyardgrass 10 20 20 30 40 15 25 Beggarticks 70 85 75 85 70 80 80 Corn 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 Crabgrass, Brazil 0 0 10 50 5 5 10 Dayflower, VA 0 0 0 40 40 30 30 Field Bindweed 65 60 70 60 50 75 75 Horseweed — — 60 50 40 80 60 Kochia — — 90 90 55 80 80 Panicum, Fall 70 60 30 40 20 40 50 Pigweed, Palmer 70 0 50 40 5 75 60 Poinsettia, Wild 5 0 — 20 35 30 0 Ragweed — — 75 50 50 70 80 Ryegrass, Italian 20 20 20 75 40 30 50 Sandbur 0 5 25 40 20 30 60 Soybean 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 Waterhemp 70 70 70 50 65 60 60 Waterhemp_RES1 75 65 70 50 50 80 60 Waterhemp_RES2 0 0 40 50 50 40 — 250 g ai/ha Compounds Preemergence 1 2 20 25 27 28 29 34 37 41 47 57 59 69 Arrowleaf Sida 80 5 95 95 35 70 98 80 98 100 90 40 98 80 Barnyardgrass 20 70 30 90 95 90 90 65 30 65 95 100 90 10 Beggarticks 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Corn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 20 10 Crabgrass, Brazil 100 100 90 95 95 90 90 80 95 80 60 70 100 60 Crabgrass, Large 65 60 30 85 90 90 65 20 90 60 35 0 95 20 Dayflower, VA 25 90 0 30 65 70 60 90 60 80 80 80 80 70 Field Bindweed 100 70 95 98 70 75 98 60 100 90 100 100 95 85 Foxtail, Giant 98 98 90 100 100 100 98 65 90 90 80 95 100 60 Foxtail, Green 90 98 70 100 100 100 100 65 80 75 70 100 100 30 Goosegrass 25 25 85 90 85 90 90 10 80 60 0 5 98 50 Horseweed — — 100 100 100 98 100 — 100 100 — — 100 — Johnsongrass 40 50 0 90 70 90 100 0 100 25 20 35 80 20 Kochia 85 40 100 100 100 100 70 85 65 100 100 100 100 95 Lambsquarters 100 100 100 100 100 98 98 98 100 100 100 100 100 90 Morningglory 100 100 95 100 100 100 95 90 65 95 100 100 100 85 Nightshade 100 100 — 98 98 100 90 95 98 98 100 98 — 90 Nutsedge, Yellow 70 70 95 65 80 95 70 80 70 85 35 70 70 60 Panicum, Fall 100 100 98 100 100 100 98 95 100 98 95 100 100 70 Pigweed, Palmer 100 100 70 100 85 98 100 90 100 85 65 60 100 70 Poinsettia, Wild 35 50 — — — — — — — 65 20 50 — 20 Ragweed 100 98 98 100 100 98 98 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 Ryegrass, Italian 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 80 100 100 Sandbur 70 75 75 85 90 85 90 70 65 80 70 80 90 60 Soybean 75 40 — 70 0 0 50 0 0 65 40 20 70 20 Surinam Grass 75 95 90 95 100 98 100 80 90 95 35 95 100 50 Velvetleaf 98 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 90 Waterhemp 100 98 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 80 100 100 250 g ai/ha Compounds Preemergence 72 75 79 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 153 Arrowleaf Sida 65 98 75 70 95 65 100 70 80 50 75 Barnyardgrass 50 65 50 75 40 75 20 35 35 70 90 Beggarticks 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Corn 0 35 20 0 5 0 15 0 15 0 20 Crabgrass, Brazil 98 90 100 100 100 80 100 90 100 90 100 Crabgrass, Large 90 30 30 98 90 20 75 25 65 20 80 Dayflower, VA 50 75 70 65 35 65 50 75 35 70 90 Field Bindweed 90 98 100 100 95 100 98 95 100 100 100 Foxtail, Giant 80 75 90 100 95 100 90 100 95 100 100 Foxtail, Green 70 90 90 100 90 70 100 100 80 100 95 Goosegrass 80 5 65 80 90 25 35 20 75 0 75 Horseweed 100 — 100 100 100 — 100 — — — 100 Johnsongrass 35 15 65 100 50 20 0 0 75 0 60 Kochia 98 100 100 100 100 75 100 98 100 98 90 Lambsquarters 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Morningglory 95 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 90 100 100 Nightshade 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 Nutsedge, Yellow 35 65 75 90 65 75 40 65 60 65 95 Panicum, Fall 98 90 90 100 100 98 100 100 98 100 100 Pigweed, Palmer 90 100 75 100 100 80 100 90 90 100 95 Poinsettia, Wild 20 — 55 60 20 — 30 — 20 — 75 Ragweed 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 98 100 100 100 Ryegrass, Italian 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Sandbur 70 70 75 90 75 80 75 90 85 85 90 Soybean 15 70 50 0 — 0 0 0 0 0 — Surinam Grass 90 90 80 95 90 95 95 90 75 95 100 Velvetleaf 90 98 100 95 98 100 90 95 95 100 100 Waterhemp 100 100 100 90 100 75 100 85 100 100 100 125 g ai/ha Compounds Preemergence 1 2 20 21 25 27 28 29 34 37 41 47 57 59 Arrowleaf Sida 75 0 85 50 90 75 50 98 65 90 98 75 50 98 Barnyardgrass 0 25 10 90 60 80 65 65 35 0 40 50 75 60 Beggarticks 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 Corn 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Crabgrass, Brazil 100 50 70 100 95 95 80 70 80 90 100 0 40 100 Crabgrass, Large 35 30 35 100 80 50 90 40 50 80 80 0 0 80 Dayflower, VA 15 25 0 80 15 30 65 10 70 40 70 0 30 80 Field Bindweed 95 35 85 98 60 70 90 95 40 85 75 90 98 95 Foxtail, Giant 95 98 75 100 98 100 100 95 40 80 70 40 95 98 Foxtail, Green 90 95 65 100 98 100 100 90 25 65 50 30 90 95 Goosegrass 35 25 50 95 80 80 75 50 10 75 50 0 5 98 Horseweed — — 100 100 100 100 100 100 — 100 100 — — 100 Johnsongrass 30 35 — 60 80 75 80 65 0 100 0 0 30 80 Kochia 35 0 98 65 98 80 60 25 5 0 100 75 75 100 Lambsquarters 100 98 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 Morningglory 90 100 90 100 95 90 95 80 35 50 90 100 100 98 Nightshade 100 98 — — 95 95 98 85 98 98 98 100 98 — Nutsedge, Yellow 50 65 75 80 20 98 70 30 40 65 75 30 60 75 Panicum, Fall 95 98 65 100 100 100 98 98 90 100 95 80 100 100 Pigweed, Palmer 100 90 5 98 100 85 95 100 90 100 75 25 40 100 Poinsettia, Wild 30 30 — — — — — — — — 40 0 25 — Ragweed 100 98 70 100 98 100 95 70 100 95 90 98 100 100 Ryegrass, Italian 100 100 98 100 98 100 95 95 100 100 100 30 65 100 Sandbur 70 70 65 90 80 90 80 90 65 50 75 10 30 90 Soybean 40 15 20 35 0 0 0 70 15 — 20 0 0 30 Surinam Grass 80 90 85 100 90 100 100 95 95 75 75 35 85 100 Velvetleaf 90 80 80 90 98 95 70 100 100 70 95 75 95 95 Waterhemp 100 85 85 100 100 85 98 98 100 98 100 90 40 100 125 g ai/ha Compounds Preemergence 66 69 72 75 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 105 Arrowleaf Sida 65 50 85 90 75 25 70 85 35 80 50 70 0 50 Barnyardgrass 15 15 50 35 40 20 35 30 35 10 30 10 30 35 Beggarticks 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Corn 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 Crabgrass, Brazil 65 50 90 90 80 100 90 100 50 90 80 90 25 75 Crabgrass, Large 15 0 30 0 20 35 90 80 40 15 0 65 20 75 Dayflower, VA 20 70 50 60 65 10 35 5 25 35 30 10 10 10 Field Bindweed 40 95 65 100 100 100 75 100 35 100 20 95 65 70 Foxtail, Giant 90 50 70 35 85 85 98 50 100 85 95 70 100 75 Foxtail, Green 70 0 65 0 80 65 95 75 95 75 15 60 100 40 Goosegrass 10 30 60 0 60 20 70 70 5 30 5 60 5 10 Horseweed — — 100 — 100 100 100 100 — 100 — — — 100 Johnsongrass 0 0 35 10 — 80 65 35 0 0 0 70 0 20 Kochia 90 50 60 100 100 100 35 100 0 100 0 100 25 100 Lambsquarters 100 — 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Morningglory 40 50 80 60 90 75 100 90 95 90 50 50 100 60 Nightshade 100 90 100 90 100 98 100 98 100 50 100 98 15 98 Nutsedge, Yellow 50 30 30 70 65 35 80 40 70 60 35 65 50 40 Panicum, Fall 98 75 90 80 80 98 100 98 100 95 98 100 100 98 Pigweed, Palmer 100 60 95 50 70 70 75 100 50 90 50 75 70 90 Poinsettia, Wild — 20 10 — 60 40 30 0 — 10 — 15 — 10 Ragweed 100 95 90 80 100 100 100 100 95 100 90 98 100 98 Ryegrass, Italian 100 100 100 100 100 98 90 100 98 98 95 98 100 100 Sandbur 70 50 60 40 80 75 70 60 75 60 80 75 80 75 Soybean 0 10 0 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 Surinam Grass 50 20 75 60 60 75 95 85 85 90 70 80 90 70 Velvetleaf 80 60 80 100 95 90 90 95 70 70 70 90 70 95 Waterhemp 90 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 75 90 70 90 75 100 125 g ai/ha Compounds Preemergence 109 153 Arrowleaf Sida 35 60 Barnyardgrass 25 70 Beggarticks 100 100 Corn 0 10 Crabgrass, Brazil 70 100 Crabgrass, Large 35 75 Dayflower, VA 25 90 Field Bindweed 80 100 Foxtail, Giant 80 95 Foxtail, Green 60 90 Goosegrass 50 60 Horseweed 100 100 Johnsongrass 40 — Kochia 100 50 Lambsquarters 98 100 Morningglory 65 90 Nightshade 98 95 Nutsedge, Yellow 40 80 Panicum, Fall 95 100 Pigweed, Palmer 85 60 Poinsettia, Wild 30 60 Ragweed 100 95 Ryegrass, Italian 98 100 Sandbur 75 85 Soybean 0 30 Surinam Grass 40 90 Velvetleaf 65 90 Waterhemp 98 85 62 g ai/ha Compounds Preemergence 1 2 20 21 25 27 28 29 34 37 41 47 57 59 Arrowleaf Sida 65 0 70 0 80 65 0 90 20 85 50 0 0 95 Barnyardgrass 0 0 0 70 60 50 20 25 0 0 25 0 0 25 Beggarticks 100 100 85 100 100 100 100 98 100 98 98 100 100 100 Corn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Crabgrass, Brazil 80 60 60 98 90 70 70 75 10 85 65 0 0 90 Crabgrass, Large 20 0 35 85 15 50 35 25 0 75 70 0 0 50 Dayflower, VA 20 20 0 60 5 10 10 0 35 5 40 0 25 40 Field Bindweed 80 15 65 95 98 40 0 90 50 90 70 50 95 75 Foxtail, Giant 35 95 20 98 95 98 100 80 40 70 65 0 35 95 Foxtail, Green 70 95 40 100 98 100 98 75 0 60 25 20 20 90 Goosegrass 5 5 10 95 65 75 60 20 5 35 0 0 0 95 Horseweed — — 100 100 100 100 100 100 — 100 100 — — 100 Johnsongrass 0 20 — 20 60 75 80 70 0 0 0 0 30 25 Kochia 5 0 90 0 80 25 0 0 5 0 90 85 65 90 Lambsquarters 98 98 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Morningglory 98 90 75 98 70 85 90 65 25 40 50 75 40 95 Nightshade 95 98 — — 80 100 98 70 25 80 80 98 98 — Nutsedge, Yellow 15 35 50 75 20 15 20 0 80 0 65 — 30 35 Panicum, Fall 90 95 35 100 100 100 95 95 80 100 90 50 98 98 Pigweed, Palmer 100 50 0 70 90 60 65 70 0 90 85 0 35 98 Poinsettia, Wild 30 30 — — — — — — — — 40 0 20 — Ragweed 75 75 65 98 95 95 90 85 75 90 70 95 100 95 Ryegrass, Italian 100 98 95 100 95 95 80 75 100 95 100 30 35 100 Sandbur 20 15 0 80 65 40 65 75 40 35 70 0 0 70 Soybean 15 0 0 35 — 0 0 50 35 0 35 0 0 30 Surinam Grass 50 75 65 100 80 95 98 95 75 75 75 0 70 90 Velvetleaf 75 60 65 90 100 80 35 95 90 50 85 — 65 95 Waterhemp 100 80 65 95 100 90 80 90 100 75 98 90 75 100 62 g ai/ha Compounds Preemergence 66 69 72 75 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 105 Arrowleaf Sida 40 60 35 75 80 35 60 70 25 0 0 60 0 40 Barnyardgrass 20 10 30 20 30 20 25 15 30 0 0 0 0 20 Beggarticks 95 95 80 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Corn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Crabgrass, Brazil 25 20 60 20 30 90 95 100 10 85 50 80 40 35 Crabgrass, Large 0 0 0 0 0 35 75 70 5 10 0 0 5 50 Dayflower, VA 0 60 15 10 70 0 15 5 10 20 0 0 5 0 Field Bindweed 50 40 0 5 90 70 0 50 5 90 5 98 5 50 Foxtail, Giant 40 50 65 5 70 80 98 65 98 35 65 65 98 35 Foxtail, Green 35 0 35 0 70 50 70 70 40 50 25 20 75 30 Goosegrass 10 10 40 0 60 30 40 25 0 30 5 0 0 0 Horseweed — — 100 — 100 100 100 100 — 100 — — — 100 Johnsongrass 0 0 0 0 — 80 90 — 0 0 0 65 0 20 Kochia 60 — 35 100 70 100 20 90 0 75 0 100 0 35 Lambsquarters 100 — 80 100 100 98 100 75 98 100 100 100 100 100 Morningglory 30 30 30 30 85 70 85 80 20 70 30 35 30 70 Nightshade 15 80 80 0 100 100 90 98 50 100 95 90 5 98 Nutsedge, Yellow 65 0 20 10 60 40 30 10 65 0 35 60 50 10 Panicum, Fall 95 20 80 50 70 95 100 95 95 90 85 90 98 90 Pigweed, Palmer 65 60 75 85 70 70 75 90 20 100 30 65 50 98 Poinsettia, Wild — 25 15 — 60 0 5 0 — 0 — 15 — 10 Ragweed 90 85 90 65 100 100 100 80 75 98 80 95 85 95 Ryegrass, Italian 90 90 90 100 80 98 95 95 95 95 80 95 98 95 Sandbur 10 40 35 10 70 70 40 35 70 30 50 65 65 70 Soybean 0 15 0 35 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Surinam Grass 5 5 40 35 50 20 90 65 60 65 70 15 75 10 Velvetleaf 20 20 40 85 80 70 70 75 35 70 30 60 65 70 Waterhemp 80 100 100 60 100 100 90 90 65 90 80 90 90 90 62 g ai/ha Compounds Preemergence 109 153 Arrowleaf Sida 30 70 Barnyardgrass 10 50 Beggarticks 100 100 Corn 0 0 Crabgrass, Brazil 40 70 Crabgrass, Large 40 70 Dayflower, VA 25 85 Field Bindweed 40 100 Foxtail, Giant 40 95 Foxtail, Green 40 75 Goosegrass 25 40 Horseweed 100 100 Johnsongrass 0 0 Kochia 85 30 Lambsquarters 100 100 Morningglory 20 90 Nightshade 65 85 Nutsedge, Yellow 40 70 Panicum, Fall 90 100 Pigweed, Palmer 100 60 Poinsettia, Wild 25 50 Ragweed 100 100 Ryegrass, Italian 98 100 Sandbur 65 85 Soybean — 50 Surinam Grass 60 80 Velvetleaf 25 90 Waterhemp 70 70 31 g ai/ha Compounds Preemergence 1 2 20 21 25 27 28 29 34 37 41 47 57 59 Arrowleaf Sida 0 0 0 0 40 40 — 70 0 70 20 0 0 80 Barnyardgrass 0 0 0 40 20 15 20 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 Beggarticks 100 100 20 100 100 90 100 80 90 80 65 100 100 100 Corn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Crabgrass, Brazil 10 35 40 90 75 70 70 30 0 70 80 0 0 60 Crabgrass, Large 0 0 30 65 — 35 — 0 0 50 65 0 0 0 Dayflower, VA 0 15 0 80 0 0 5 0 35 0 15 0 0 10 Field Bindweed 20 0 35 35 80 0 0 80 5 75 30 50 70 65 Foxtail, Giant 50 75 5 95 80 95 85 70 5 65 30 0 5 85 Foxtail, Green 15 35 0 95 65 75 65 65 0 0 20 0 0 65 Goosegrass 15 0 20 90 20 35 35 0 5 35 0 0 10 90 Horseweed — — 100 100 100 100 100 100 — 100 100 — — 100 Johnsongrass 0 35 0 — 75 70 70 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kochia 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 90 0 20 80 Lambsquarters 65 100 70 100 98 100 100 100 10 100 35 100 100 100 Morningglory 60 75 20 90 65 85 50 35 0 15 30 25 85 75 Nightshade 90 75 — — 90 90 80 5 0 90 25 80 90 — Nutsedge, Yellow 10 0 0 0 0 10 20 0 0 0 25 0 0 50 Panicum, Fall 75 85 0 100 95 100 90 85 70 90 80 50 95 95 Pigweed, Palmer 90 20 0 65 65 — 0 90 0 0 15 0 35 95 Poinsettia, Wild 30 25 — — — — — — — — 15 0 0 — Ragweed 70 35 30 95 75 95 95 90 70 50 5 80 90 100 Ryegrass, Italian 95 95 90 100 95 80 70 65 90 85 98 5 10 100 Sandbur 10 15 0 80 35 30 15 75 0 20 50 0 0 70 Soybean 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 70 0 0 0 0 0 35 Surinam Grass 25 35 10 95 65 85 85 75 5 50 10 0 5 85 Velvetleaf 75 30 0 80 60 50 0 70 20 30 20 0 30 90 Waterhemp 90 65 0 95 100 95 65 80 100 0 75 50 80 75 31 g ai/ha Compounds Preemergence 66 69 72 75 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 105 Arrowleaf Sida 0 20 20 50 75 0 40 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 Barnyardgrass 15 10 0 20 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 — Beggarticks 70 90 70 35 100 85 80 100 100 90 90 90 85 80 Corn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Crabgrass, Brazil 25 0 50 0 — 75 65 75 0 80 10 60 15 0 Crabgrass, Large 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 — 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dayflower, VA 0 50 0 10 50 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 Field Bindweed 5 0 0 0 60 25 0 65 0 60 — 40 0 20 Foxtail, Giant 5 40 35 0 60 50 75 30 95 5 15 25 95 0 Foxtail, Green 0 0 30 0 55 15 20 20 0 10 0 20 50 0 Goosegrass 5 0 20 0 50 0 20 20 0 20 5 0 0 0 Horseweed — — 0 — 100 100 90 90 — 100 — — — 0 Johnsongrass 0 0 0 0 70 0 70 0 0 0 0 — 0 0 Kochia 0 0 25 98 50 90 0 20 0 0 0 65 0 0 Lambsquarters 90 10 90 100 100 100 98 98 100 15 70 100 100 0 Morningglory 0 20 20 0 60 65 60 70 25 20 25 20 25 20 Nightshade 0 70 0 0 80 75 80 90 35 80 95 50 0 50 Nutsedge, Yellow 5 0 — 0 50 10 35 0 65 0 — 0 10 0 Panicum, Fall 60 20 75 10 80 90 98 90 90 85 95 95 90 65 Pigweed, Palmer 0 40 35 30 75 35 35 90 0 75 25 0 65 0 Poinsettia, Wild — 0 0 — 50 0 0 0 — 0 — 0 — 10 Ragweed 65 40 0 35 100 70 90 85 70 90 60 98 20 65 Ryegrass, Italian 65 80 90 100 75 70 75 75 80 80 80 75 95 90 Sandbur 0 50 0 0 60 65 10 0 20 0 0 25 10 15 Soybean 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Surinam Grass 20 0 5 5 40 10 70 35 65 0 60 10 25 0 Velvetleaf 0 30 50 35 70 20 10 0 0 25 0 0 15 50 Waterhemp 65 50 90 50 75 70 60 85 65 85 35 75 60 80 31 g ai/ha Compounds Preemergence 109 153 Arrowleaf Sida 35 50 Barnyardgrass 0 20 Beggarticks 75 100 Corn 0 0 Crabgrass, Brazil 60 90 Crabgrass, Large 0 70 Dayflower, VA 25 80 Field Bindweed 0 90 Foxtail, Giant 35 75 Foxtail, Green 0 50 Goosegrass 20 40 Horseweed 100 90 Johnsongrass 0 0 Kochia 10 40 Lambsquarters 95 100 Morningglory 0 85 Nightshade 65 70 Nutsedge, Yellow 0 50 Panicum, Fall 80 100 Pigweed, Palmer 20 50 Poinsettia, Wild 10 40 Ragweed 5 100 Ryegrass, Italian 75 100 Sandbur 40 80 Soybean 0 30 Surinam Grass 30 50 Velvetleaf 0 85 Waterhemp 0 60 16 g ai/ha Compounds Preemergence 1 2 66 80 105 109 Arrowleaf Sida 0 0 0 0 0 40 Barnyardgrass 0 0 0 0 20 0 Beggarticks 100 90 65 100 90 20 Corn 0 0 0 0 0 0 Crabgrass, Brazil 0 0 0 65 — 70 Crabgrass, Large 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dayflower, VA 0 0 0 0 0 0 Field Bindweed 5 0 0 20 20 0 Foxtail, Giant 0 40 0 0 0 0 Foxtail, Green 0 0 0 0 0 0 Goosegrass 0 0 5 0 0 0 Horseweed — — — 100 0 0 Johnsongrass 0 0 0 — 0 0 Kochia 0 0 0 25 0 0 Lambsquarters 65 50 5 65 0 0 Morningglory 20 0 0 0 40 0 Nightshade 80 35 0 75 0 25 Nutsedge, Yellow 0 0 0 5 0 0 Panicum, Fall 65 75 10 80 25 75 Pigweed, Palmer 20 0 0 20 0 0 Poinsettia, Wild 20 0 — 0 0 10 Ragweed 35 20 25 70 50 0 Ryegrass, Italian 70 50 40 50 75 60 Sandbur 0 0 0 0 0 0 Soybean 0 0 0 0 0 0 Surinam Grass 0 5 5 0 0 0 Velvetleaf 35 0 0 0 0 0 Waterhemp 35 65 0 0 70 0 Test F

This test evaluated the effect of mixtures of Compound 1 or Compound 2 with various commercial herbicides on multiple plant species. Seeds of multiple plant species selected were planted into Sandy Loam soil and treated either Post-emergence or Pre-emergence with test chemicals formulated in a non-phytotoxic solvent mixture. Plants were grown in a greenhouse using supplemental lighting to maintain a photoperiod of approximately 16 h; daytime and nighttime temperatures were approximately 24-30 and 19-21° C., respectively. Balanced fertilizer was applied through the watering system. Treated plants and controls were maintained in a greenhouse for 20 d, after which time all species were compared to controls and visually evaluated. Plant response ratings summarized in Tables F1 through F4 and are based on a scale of 0 to 100 where 0 is no effect and 100 is complete control. A dash (-) response means no test result. Application rates (i.e. “Rate”) are expressed in grams of active ingredient per hectare (g a.i./ha). In the following tables KCHSC is kochia (Kochia scoparia), LOLMU in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), AMBEL is common ragweed (Ambrosia elatior), ECHCG is barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), SETVI is giant foxtail (Setaria faberii), AMARE is redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), ALOMY is blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides) and GALAP is galium (Galium aparine). “Obsd.” is observed effect. “Exp.” is expected effect calculated from Colby's Equation.

Colby's Equation was used to determine the herbicidal effects expected from the mixtures. Colby's Equation (Colby, S. R. “Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combinations,” Weeds, 15(1), pp 20-22 (1967)) calculates the expected additive effect of herbicidal mixtures, and for two active ingredients is of the form: P _(a+b) =P _(a) +P _(b)−(P _(a) P _(b)/100)

wherein P_(a+b) is the percentage effect of the mixture expected from additive contribution of the individual components:

P_(a) is the observed percentage effect of the first active ingredient at the same use rate as in the mixture, and

P_(b) is the observed percentage effect of the second active ingredient at the same use rate as in the mixture.

The results and additive effects expected from Colby's Equation are listed in Tables F1 through F4.

TABLE F1 Observed and Expected Results from Compound 1 Alone and in Combination with Mesotrione when applied Post-emergence. KCHSC LOLMU AMBEL ECHCG Treatment Rate Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. 1 16 60.0 65.0 95.0 0.0 1 62 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 mesotrione 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 mesotrione 16 90.0 0.0 75.0 20.0 1 + mesotrione 16 + 4  100.0 60.0 65.0 65.0 75.0 95.0 20.0 0.0 1 + mesotrione 16 + 16 100.0 96.0 95.0 65.0 100.0 98.8 75.0 20.0 1 + mesotrione 62 + 4  100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 60.0 0.0 1 + mesotrione 62 + 16 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 20.0 SETVI AMARE ALOMY GALAP Treatment Rate Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. 1 16 0.0 30.0 0.0 65.0 1 62 40.0 100.0 35.0 100.0 mesotrione 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 mesotrione 16 0.0 30.0 0.0 35.0 1 + mesotrione 16 + 4  0.0 0.0 100.0 30.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 65.0 1 + mesotrione 16 + 16 20.0 0.0 100.0 51.0 50.0 0.0 100.0 77.3 1 + mesotrione 62 + 4  70.0 40.0 100.0 100.0 65.0 35.0 100.0 100.0 1 + mesotrione 62 + 16 95.0 40.0 100.0 100.0 75.0 35.0 100.0 100.0

As can be seen from the results listed in Table F1, most of the observed results for weed species were greater/equal than expected, thereby showing highly synergistic effect of Compound 1 and mesotrione on all above weed species in Post emergence herbicidal application.

TABLE F2 Observed and Expected Results from Compound 1 Alone and in Combination with Mesotrione when applied Pre-emergence. KCHSC LOLMU AMBEL Treatment Rate Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. 1 16 0 65 65 1 62 25 100 90 mesotrione 4 0 0 0 mesotrione 16 50 0 30 1 + mesotrione 16 + 4  50 0 65 65 85 65 1 + mesotrione 16 + 6  100 25 100 100 100 90 1 + mesotrione 62 + 4  50 50 80 65 100 76 1 + mesotrione 62 + 16 100 63 100 100 100 93 ECHCG SETVI AMARE Treatment Rate Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. 1 16 0 0 20 1 62 20 60 90 mesotrione 4 0 0 0 mesotrione 16 0 0 20 1 + mesotrione 16 + 4  0 0 0 0 98 20 1 + mesotrione 16 + 16 10 20 50 60 100 90 1 + mesotrione 62 + 4  20 0 0 0 100 36 1 + mesotrione 62 + 16 45 20 90 60 100 92

As can be seen from the results listed in Table F2, most of the observed results for weed species were greater/equal than expected, thereby showing highly synergistic effect of Compound 1 and mesotrione on all above weed species in Pre-emergence herbicidal application.

TABLE F3 Observed and Expected Results from Compoune 2 Alone and in Combination with Atrazine when applied Post-emergence KCHSC LOLMU AMBEL ECHCG Treatment Rate Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. 2 16 16 50 75 40 5 2 62 62 75 95 80 20 atrazine 62 62 100 15 10 20 2 + atrazine 16 + 62 100 100 100 100 79 75 46 50 2 + atrazine 62 + 62 100 100 100 100 96 100 82 100 SETVT AMARE ALOMY GALAP Treatment Rate Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. 2 16 15 25 20 100 2 62 80 80 60 100 atrazine 62 5 75 60 50 2 + atrazine 16 + 62 24 85 19 100 81 100 68 100 2 + atrazine 62 + 62 36 95 81 100 95 100 84 100

As can be seen from the results listed in Table F3, most of the observed results for weed species were greater/equal than expected, thereby showing highly synergistic effect of Compound 2 and atrazine on all above weed species in Post emergence herbicidal application.

TABLE F4 Observed and Expected Results from Compound 2 Alone and in Combination with Atrazine when applied Pre-emergence KCHSC LOLMU AMBEL Treatment Rate Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. 2 16 16 0 0 30 2 62 62 0 50 95 atrazine 62 62 100 100 10 2 + atrazine 16 + 62 100 100 100 65 100 100 2 + atrazine 62 + 62 100 100 100 100 100 100 ECHCG SETVI AMARE Treatment Rate Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. Obsd. Exp. 2 16 0 60 25 2 62 25 98 75 atrazine 62 0 5 85 2 + atrazine 16 + 62 37 25 0 70 62 100 2 + atrazine 62 + 62 96 50 25 100 98 100

As can be seen from the results listed in Table F4, most of the observed results for weed species were greater/equal than expected, thereby showing synergistic/additive effect of Compound 2 and atrazine on all above weed species in Pre-emergence herbicidal application. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound selected from Formula 3, N-oxides and salts thereof,

wherein R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkylthioalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy, benzyl or phenyl; or a 5-, or 6-membered saturated or partially saturated heterocyclic ring containing ring members selected from carbon and up to 1 O and 1 S; R² is H, halogen, —CN, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₂-C₄ alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₂-C₈ dialkylamino, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₂-C₃ alkoxycarbonyl; or phenyl optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl; X is O, S or NR⁵; or X is —C(R⁶)═C(R⁷)—, wherein the carbon atom bonded to R⁶ is also bonded to the carbon atom bonded to R⁴, and the carbon atom bonded to R⁷ is also bonded to the phenyl ring moiety in Formula 3; each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, nitro, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₂-C₅ alkenyl, C₂-C₅ alkynyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₅ cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkenyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₅ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₁-C₅ haloalkylthio or C₂-C₅ alkoxycarbonyl; R⁴ is halogen, —CN, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl, C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₁-C₃ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂ haloalkylthio; R⁶ and R⁷ are independently H, halogen, nitro, —CN, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₂-C₅ alkenyl, C₂-C₅ alkynyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₅ cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkenyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₅ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkylthio or C₂-C₅ alkoxycarbonyl; R⁵ is H, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and R³⁰ is alkyl.
 2. The compound of claim 1 wherein X is O, S, —CH═CH—, —C(CH₃)═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CH═CCl— or —CH═C(CH₃)—; R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkylthioalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy, benzyl or phenyl; R² is H, halogen, —CN, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₂-C₄ alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₂-C₈ dialkylamino, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy or C₁-C₅ alkylthio; each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl, C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₁-C₃ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂ haloalkylthio; and n is 0, 1, 2 or
 3. 3. The compound of claim 2 wherein X is —CH═CH—, —C(CH₃)═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CH═CCl— or —CH═C(CH₃)—; R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkylthioalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy or benzyl; R² is H, halogen, —CN, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl or C₁-C₇ alkoxy; each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy; R⁴ is halogen, —CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy.
 4. The compound of claim 3 wherein X is —CH═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CH═CCl— or —CH═C(CH₃)—; R¹ is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or 2-methoxyethyl; R² is H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, CF₃ or methoxy; each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, methyl, ethyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, CF₃, methoxy or ethoxy; R⁴ is halogen, —CN, methyl, ethyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, CF₃, methoxy or ethoxy; n is 1 or 2; and R³⁰ is methyl or ethyl.
 5. The compound of claim 1 wherein R³⁰ is Me, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁴ is Me, and n is 0; R³⁰ is Me, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R³ is 5-Me, and R⁴ is Me; R³⁰ is Me, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R³ is 4,6-di-Me, and R⁴ is Me; R³⁰ is Me, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R³ is 5,7-di-Me, and R⁴ is Me; R³⁰ is Me, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁴ is Et, n is 0; R³⁰ is Me, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R³ is 5-Me, and R⁴ is Et; R³⁰ is Me, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R³ is 4,6-di-Me, and R⁴ is Et; R³⁰ is Me, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R³ is 5,7-di-Me, and R⁴ is Et; R³⁰ is Me, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, R⁴ is Me, and n is 0; R³⁰ is Me, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, R³ is 5-Me, and R⁴ is Me; R³⁰ is Me, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, R³ is 4,6-di-Me, and R⁴ is Me; R³⁰ is Me, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, R³ is 5,7-di-Me, and R⁴ is Me; R³⁰ is Me, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, R⁴ is Et, n is 0; R³⁰ is Me, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, R³ is 5-Me, and R⁴ is Et; R³⁰ is Me, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, R³ is 4,6-di-Me, and R⁴ is Et; or R³⁰ is Me, X is —CH═CH—, R¹ is Me, R² is Et, R³ is 5,7-di-Me, and R⁴ is Et.
 6. The compound of claim 1 selected from methyl 2-[2-[2-(2,5-dimethylbenzo[b]thien-3yl)acetyl]-2-methylhydrazinylidene]propanoate; methyl 2-[2-[2-(2,5-dimethyl-3-benzofuranyl)acetyl]-2-methylhydrazinylidene]propanoate; and 2,5,7-trimethyl-3-benzofuranacetic acid 2-(2-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethylidene)-1-methylhydrazide.
 7. A method for preparing a compound of Formula 1b

wherein R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkylthioalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy, benzyl or phenyl; or a 5-, or 6-membered saturated or partially saturated heterocyclic ring containing ring members selected from carbon and up to 1 O and 1 S; R² is H, halogen, —CN, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₂-C₄ alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₂-C₈ dialkylamino, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₂-C₃ alkoxycarbonyl; or phenyl optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl; X is O, S or NR⁵; or X is —C(R⁶)═C(R⁷)—, wherein the carbon atom bonded to R⁶ is also bonded to the carbon atom bonded to R⁴, and the carbon atom bonded to R⁷ is also bonded to the phenyl ring moiety in Formula 1b; each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, nitro, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₂-C₅ alkenyl, C₂-C₅ alkynyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₅ cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkenyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₅ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₁-C₅ haloalkylthio or C₂-C₅ alkoxycarbonyl; R⁴ is halogen, —CN, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl, C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₁-C₃ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂ haloalkylthio; R⁶ and R⁷ are independently H, halogen, nitro, —CN, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₂-C₅ alkenyl, C₂-C₅ alkynyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₅ cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkenyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₅ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkylthio or C₂-C₅ alkoxycarbonyl; R⁵ is H, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl; and n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 comprising cyclizing the compound of Formula 3 in the presence of solvent and base

wherein R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkylthioalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy, benzyl or phenyl; or a 5-, or 6-membered saturated or partially saturated heterocyclic ring containing ring members selected from carbon and up to 1 O and 1 S; R² is H, halogen, —CN, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₂-C₄ alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₂-C₈ dialkylamino, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₂-C₃ alkoxycarbonyl; or phenyl optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl; X is O, S or NR⁵; or X is —C(R⁶)═C(R⁷)—, wherein the carbon atom bonded to R⁶ is also bonded to the carbon atom bonded to R⁴, and the carbon atom bonded to R⁷ is also bonded to the phenyl ring moiety in Formula 3; each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, nitro, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₂-C₅ alkenyl, C₂-C₅ alkynyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₅ cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkenyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₅ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₁-C₅ haloalkylthio or C₂-C₅ alkoxycarbonyl; R⁴ is halogen, —CN, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl, C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₁-C₃ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂ haloalkylthio; R⁶ and R⁷ are independently H, halogen, nitro, —CN, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₂-C₅ alkenyl, C₂-C₅ alkynyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₅ cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkenyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₅ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkylthio or C₂-C₅ alkoxycarbonyl; R⁵ is H, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and R³⁰ is alkyl.
 8. The method of claim 7 preparing a compound of Formula 1b wherein R¹ is methyl or ethyl; R² is methyl or ethyl; X is —C(R⁶)═C(R⁷)—; each R³ is independently F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl or methoxy; R⁴ is halogen, —CN, methyl, ethyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, CF₃, methoxy or ethoxy; R⁶ and R⁷ are H or halogen; and n is 0, 1 or 2 comprising cyclizing the compound of Formula 3 in the presence of solvent and base wherein R¹ is methyl or ethyl; R² is methyl or ethyl; X is —C(R⁶)═C(R⁷)—; each R³ is independently F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl or methoxy; R⁴ is halogen, —CN, methyl, ethyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, CF₃, methoxy or ethoxy; R⁶ and R⁷ are H or halogen; n is 0, 1 or 2; and R³⁰ is methyl or ethyl.
 9. A method for preparing a compound of Formula 3

wherein R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkylthioalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy, benzyl or phenyl; or a 5-, or 6-membered saturated or partially saturated heterocyclic ring containing ring members selected from carbon and up to 1 O and 1 S; R² is H, halogen, —CN, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₂-C₄ alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₂-C₈ dialkylamino, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₂-C₃ alkoxycarbonyl; or phenyl optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl; X is O, S or NR⁵; or X is —C(R⁶)═C(R⁷)—, wherein the carbon atom bonded to R⁶ is also bonded to the carbon atom bonded to R⁴, and the carbon atom bonded to R⁷ is also bonded to the phenyl ring moiety in Formula 3; each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, nitro, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₂-C₅ alkenyl, C₂-C₅ alkynyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₅ cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkenyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₅ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₁-C₅ haloalkylthio or C₂-C₅ alkoxycarbonyl; R⁴ is halogen, —CN, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl, C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₁-C₃ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂ haloalkylthio; R⁶ and R⁷ are independently H, halogen, nitro, —CN, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₂-C₅ alkenyl, C₂-C₅ alkynyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₅ cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkenyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₅ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkylthio or C₂-C₅ alkoxycarbonyl; R⁵ is H, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and R³⁰ is alkyl; comprising reacting a hydrazine ester of Formula 4

wherein R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkylthioalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy, benzyl or phenyl; or a 5-, or 6-membered saturated or partially saturated heterocyclic ring containing ring members selected from carbon and up to 1 O and 1 S; R² is H, halogen, —CN, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₂-C₄ alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₂-C₈ dialkylamino, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₃ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₂-C₃ alkoxycarbonyl; or phenyl optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl; and R³⁰ is alkyl; with an acid chloride of Formula 5

wherein X is O, S or NR⁵; or X is —C(R⁶)═C(R⁷)—, wherein the carbon atom bonded to R⁶ is also bonded to the carbon atom bonded to R⁴, and the carbon atom bonded to R⁷ is also bonded to the phenyl ring moiety in Formula 5; each R³ is independently halogen, —CN, nitro, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₂-C₅ alkenyl, C₂-C₅ alkynyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₅ cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkenyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₅ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₁-C₅ haloalkylthio or C₂-C₅ alkoxycarbonyl; R⁴ is halogen, —CN, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl, C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₁-C₃ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂ haloalkylthio; R⁶ and R⁷ are independently H, halogen, nitro, —CN, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₂-C₅ alkenyl, C₂-C₅ alkynyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₅ cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkenyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₅ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkylthio or C₂-C₅ alkoxycarbonyl; R⁵ is H, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl; and A n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 in the presence of solvent and base.
 10. The method of claim 9 preparing a compound of Formula 3 wherein R¹ is methyl or ethyl; R² is methyl or ethyl; X is —C(R⁶)═C(R⁷)—; each R³ is independently F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl or methoxy; R⁴ is halogen, —CN, methyl, ethyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, CF₃, methoxy or ethoxy; R⁶ and R⁷ are H or halogen; n is 0, 1 or 2; and R³⁰ is methyl or ethyl comprising reacting a hydrazine ester of Formula 4 wherein R¹ is methyl or ethyl; R² is methyl or ethyl; and R³⁰ is methyl or ethyl with an acid chloride of Formula 5 wherein X is —C(R⁶)═C(R⁷)—; each R³ is independently F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl or methoxy; R⁴ is halogen, —CN, methyl, ethyl, —CH═CH₂, —C≡CH, cyclopropyl, CF₃, methoxy or ethoxy; R⁶ and R⁷ are H or halogen; and n is 0, 1 or 2 in the presence of solvent and base. 